Propanoic acid. Lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Kev siv, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.

Propanoic acid (lwm lub npe - metiluksusnaya acid, preservative E280, propionic acid) - nws yog ib tug ua kua nrog caustic tsis muaj xim malodorous. Nws muaj cov nram qab tshuaj mis: C2H5-COOH.

Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm propionic acid:

1. Melting kub yog -21 °.

2. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes yog 141 °.

3. Lub flash point yog 54 °.

4. Cov hniav puas loj sib npaug zos rau 74,08 grams / tus nas.

5. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tej yam kev mob, yog ib tug tsis muaj kob kua.

6. Cov ignition kub yog 440 °.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm propionic acid:

1. miscible nrog dej (H2O) thiab organic kuab tshuaj.

2. Ib tug hluav taws roj zeb acid - ib tug raug tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub carboxylic acids uas. Tej zaum daim ntawv esters galogenagidridy, amides, thiab lwm yam.

Keeb kwm ntawm foundations propanoate

Qhov no tshuaj yog thawj piav nyob rau hauv 1844 los ntawm Johann Gottlieb, leej twg pom nws nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm qab zib degradation khoom. Ces, thaum lub sij hawm ib lub sij hawm lwm yam chemists no acid yog npaj nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, uas tsis muaj realizing nws, nws tau muab rho tawm nyob rau tib lub compound. Nyob rau hauv 1847, Jean-Baptiste Dumas pom hais tias lub yav tas los tau cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cov tib acid uas nws tom qab piav li cas propanoic acid, nyob rau mis - C2H5-COOH.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev muab propanoate?

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm propanoic acid nyob rau hauv cov roj.

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ua los ntawm Reppe carbonylation ntawm ethylene rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li ib tug byproduct nyob rau hauv lub oxidation ntawm hydrocarbons, catalytic oxidation ntawm hluav taws roj zeb aldehyde nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm manganese ions los yog cobalt.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm metiluksusnoy acid yuav tsum tau los ntawm ua acetic acid, tab sis niaj hnub txoj kev tau txais nws ua li no txoj kev mus rau ib tug thib ob qhov chaw ntawm propionic acid.

Qhov no tshuaj yuav tsum npaj kom txhij nyob rau hauv lub metabolic decomposition ntawm amino acids thiab fatty acids uas muaj ib tug khib tooj ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms.

Tsis tas li ntawd tsim hluav taws roj zeb acid cov kab mob ntawm lub genus Propionibacterium (qhov kawg khoom ntawm lawv metabolism). Cov kab mob no muaj nyob rau hauv lub digestive system ntawm ruminants, thiab vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub Swiss cheese nws muaj nws tus kheej cim tsw.

Propionic acid

Nws esters thiab ntsev.

Alkaline thiab alkaline-lub ntiaj teb cov ntsev yog zoo soluble nyob rau hauv dej (H2O), tsis txhob yaj nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents.

Esters ntawm no substance tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv (H2O) dej tab sis miscible nrog organic solvents.

daim ntawv thov

Qhov no acid yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

- ntau lawm gerbetsidy (e.g. dihlorprol, propanol), tshuaj (fenobolin, ibuprofen), tej tshuaj tsw qab ntaub ntawv (linaloil-, phenyl-, geranil-, benzyl propionate) hnyav (butyl-, pentyl-, propyl propionate), yas ( polivinilpropionat), surfactants (glycol ethers) thiab vinilplastifikatorov;

- txij thaum lub propionic acid cheeb qhov uas cov kev loj hlob ntawm tej yam kab mob thiab tuaj pwm, uas ntau npaum li cas ntawm nws yog siv raws li ib tug preservative nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Cov khoom no yog siv ncaj qha rau tsiaj propionic acid los yog nws cov ntsev (ammonium propionate), thiab nyob rau hauv cov khoom uas manufactured rau tus neeg siv calcium (calcium propionate) los yog sodium (sodium propionate) los yog ib lub ntsev ntawd.

Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Qhov txaus ntshai thaum uas siv cov propionic acid - yog tshuaj kub nyhiab ntawm qhov ntau heev.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ua nyob rau hauv laboratory tsiaj xwb tsis zoo txuam nrog ntev-lub sij hawm tau ntawm me me koob tshuaj propanoic acid yog cov tsos ntawm ulcers nyob rau hauv cov hlab pas thiab lub plab, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm corrosive zog ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Nws twb tsis pom nyob rau hauv qhov xyaum ua tej uas propionic acid yog mutagenic, carcinogenic, tshuaj lom thiab kev phem rau cov me nyuam nruab nrog cev. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, peb yuav xav tias yuav ib yam khoom uas oxidizes sai metabolized thiab yog ces outputted nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide.