Khoos phib tawj tsim Logic

Tej ntaus ntawv los yog mechanism uas tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej, raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lij choj ntawm nws cov hauj lwm, uas yuav faib nws los ntawm daim ntawv thov nta thiab functionality. Qhov yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus ceev xav tau kev pab yog lub ntsiab stimulus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab hom ntawm cov tshuab, technologies, thiab lwm yam Qhov no yog ua tau tsub zuj zuj ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm science thiab technology, kev siv cov uas tso cai rau koj los ua ib tug thawj zajlus kom thaj chaw tshiab qhov chaw ntawm technology, xws li cov zajlus kom cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub computer, thiab ces txhais lawv mus rau hauv tshiab hom ntawm cov khoom. Tej yam yooj yim tib neeg lus yog xa mus rau raws li "kev kawm".

Lub impetus rau cov emergence ntawm computers ob tsav tsheb motives: qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov loj tagnrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua thiab achievements nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm science thiab technology (hluav taws xob, kev kawm txog zauv, physics thiab technology ntawm semiconductors, co, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg). Tus thawj kuaj ntawm hluav taws xob xam pab kiag li lawm paub tseeb hais tias tej ntsiab cai ntawm lub computer thiab pib lub era ntawm ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshiab hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov kev khoom, hu ua "electronic computers".

Rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov kev tswv yim ntawm cov xam ntaus zajlus kom computer tsim tau formulated siv cov algebra ntawm logic, txhais tau ib tug set ntawm cov nta thiab theoretical lub hauv paus. Boolean cov kev cai uas txhais cov zajlus kom cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub computer, formulated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 Englishman John. Phaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib lub theoretical lub hauv paus ntawm cov systems ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua. Nws essence tshwm sim tawm lub cai ntawm cov zajlus kom kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov zauv: tau, disjunction thiab lwm yam, uas yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau lub zoo-paub siv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov zauv nyob rau hauv xam - multiplication, tsis tas li ntawd, thiab lwm yam Cov zauv nyob rau hauv Boolean algebra yog cov binary sawv cev, piv txwv li, sawv cev xwb nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis 1 thiab 0. Cov kev ua yog piav nrog cov zauv ntawm Boolean ntxiv cim. Cov ntsiab cia ua ke nrog cov kev kawm txog zauv elementary zajlus kom txoj cai lij choj piav tej computational teeb meem los yog ib tug tswj txiav txim los ntawm tshwj xeeb cim, uas yog, "sau ib qho kev pab." Siv lub tswv yim ntaus ntawv, qhov kev pab cuam yog "loaded" mus rau hauv lub computer thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug "pov tseg" rau nws yuav tsum tau ua.

Tswv yim ntaus ntawv converts khoom cim rau hauv hluav taws xob Pib ntsais koj teeb raws li ib tug binary code, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm rau lawv - forwarding thiab hloov realizing ua zauv thiab cov zajlus kom ua hauj lwm yog ua los ntawm hluav taws xob hu ua rooj vag, adders, tig-flops etc. Roos lawv kev txuj lom lub computer, qhov uas lawv suav nyob rau hauv lub kaum ntawm txhiab ntawm cov khoom.

Cov kev siv hauv comprises ib lub computer lub ntsiab chav tsev 4: Cu - tswj tsev, ib tug RAM thiab ib tug ROM - node nco thiab cia muaj peev xwm, lub ALU - xam logic unit, IOCTL - O tswv yim ntaus ntawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv txhua tus nyob rau hauv kev ua raws cai los ntawm tus tsim ntawm cov zajlus kom cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub computer. Ua hauj lwm computer txheej txheem muaj xws li cov chaw thau khoom rau hauv RAM los yog ROM khiav hauj lwm qhov kev pab cuam, sau nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov lis dej num, yog khaws cia rau punched cards, magnetic tapes, magnetic thiab kho qhov muag disks thiab lwm yam xov xwm. Qhov kev pab no yog tsim los rau manipulation UU tam sim no tsev los yog kev khiav hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab cov programmed tshwm sim, e.g., displaying ib tug duab nyob rau hauv ib tug saib los yog ib cov lub teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab, thiab lwm yam Yuav kom qhov no kawg, cu ua ntau yam hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv blocks ntawm tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm muaj nyob rau hauv lub computer.

Lub ntsiab "paj center" yog ib tug computer ALU - performer ntawm tag nrho cov xam thiab logic ua hauj lwm. Tam sim no, lub ALU ua cov kev ua ntaus ntawv hu ua ib tug processor los yog microprocessor, uas yog ib tug semiconductor ntaus ntawv qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug ob peb matchboxes, nrog ib tug txheej zoo kawg tooj zog. Maj mam ntxiv rau cov microprocessor tswj muaj nuj nqi ntawm sab nraud pab kiag li lawm - saib, printers, thiab lwm yam Tsis ntev los no uas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau tso cai los tsim Microprocessors nrog ib tug tag nrho teev ntawm haumxeeb units ntawm computers, li ntawd, lawv nyob ib leeg-nti computers thiab hnab tshos loj nta ib tug tag nrho lub computer. Yuav ua li cas yog ceeb yog tias cov zajlus kom cov me nyuam yaus ntawm computer tsim ib zaug rau thawj lub xam ntaus ntawv, tsis tau hloov mus rau hnub no.