Wget lus txib: piv txwv. Console kev pab cuam rau kev daus ntaub ntawv dua Wget network

Nws yuav zoo li nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb qhov twg ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ntiaj teb cov nquag siv computers thiab yog siv rau stylish nraaj interfaces thiab nplua nuj nto ntawm xws li, tsis muaj ib qho chaw rau ntawv sau ntawv. Tau 20 xyoo dhau los, lub computer interface yog ib qho chaw dub dub dub uas tsis txwv tsis pub dab tsi tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov cim dawb xwb, thiab tag nrho cov tswj tau ua tiav los ntawm cov lus txib. Kuj ceeb tias, cov kev pab cuam no muaj ntau npaum li cas, yog li lawv ua tau haujlwm zoo thiab txhim khu.

Wget yog dab tsi?

Wget (tseem hu ua GNU Wget Linux) yog ib qho kev sib sablaj, tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv sib tham ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov nplooj ntawv web. Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho kev pab cuam rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev siv Internet, uas yog tsis muaj ib lub graphical interface thiab ntau cov qauv kev tswj uas tsis yog rau cov qauv tshiab niaj hnub.

Qhov kev pab cuam tau tsim los ntawm Croatian engineer Hrvoji Niksic, thiab tam sim no txoj kev loj hlob yog txhawb los ntawm Giuseppe Skrivano thiab Linux zej zog. Thawj tsim hluav taws xob (ces tseem hu ua GetURL) tau pib rau lub Ib Hlis 1996. Qhov kev pab cuam raug sau ua lus C programming thiab tau tso tawm hauv daim ntawv tso cai GNU. Pib, lub cuab yeej raug tso tawm ntawm Linux lub platform. Txij lub sij hawm, lub chaw ua dej tau muab txhais ua ntau yam lus thiab muab xa mus rau tag nrho cov platforms nrov, nrog rau Wget rau Windows 7 (thiab newer), Wget rau MacOS thiab ntxiv rau.

Qhov kev pab cuam no tsis yog sib tham sib, uas txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem uas tau pib hauv nws cov kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau, nws tswj tau los ntawm kev xa mus rau cov tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias niaj hnub browsers feem ntau yog muaj ib tug built-in download manager, lawv tseem tsim rau kev sib tham sib txuas lus, yog li ntawd, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv hom yuav tsis yooj yim. Wget, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tso cai rau ntau tus txheej txheem rau automate. Piv txwv, nws muaj peev xwm los npaj ib phau ntawv nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ua ntej, uas koj tuaj yeem tau download tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov nplooj ntawv ib zaug.

Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam

Tseem, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws yog ib qho kev pab cuam rau kev daus ntaub ntawv, uas implies lub obviousness ntawm nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi.

Wget tau download tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv Internet, muab nws cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav lossis tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv web nyob hauv HTML hom (los ntawm ntau yam kev cai). Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum downloaded ntawm lub directory rau lub FTP.

Tus neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua tus xa tawm rov qab los ntawm kev sib txuas hauv hauv ib lub website (lossis ntau lub vas sab), ua kom rov ua tus qauv qub ntawm cov nplooj ntawv web. Nws yog ua tau mus saib tau cov websites uas tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau lub network (los ntawm lub neej ntawd nws yog downloaded li chaw nyob rau hauv online saib).

Pib, Wget yoog rau qeeb thiab tsis ruaj tsis tseem ceeb hom, vim li ntawd nws qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov peev xwm los muab cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm (qhov no yog ua tau yog tias tus neeg pab txhawb nqa RANGE headers). Kuj Wget tuaj yeem saib xyuas tus txheej xwm ntawm cov servers (lawv muaj) rau kev downloading thiab muab kho dua (Wget xyuas cov ntaub ntawv cov headers thiab txhawb nqa qhov tseeb version) ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov nplooj ntawv web.

Qhov kev pab cuam no kuj muaj ntau cov nta, raug rau kab lus sib txawv, uas tshawb ntau lub website thiab cov servers rau qhov muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv.

Txhawb Platforms

Wget Linux los ua qhov pib rau cov khoom no. Raws li tau hais los saum no, lub hauv paus dej tau pib ua haujlwm rau hauv Linux, tiam sis tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tau txais kev pab rau lwm lub tshuab. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov Wget rau lub Xeem 7 thiab ntau lub caij nyoog niaj hnub, thiab muaj kev sibtham nrog lub graphical interface. Raws li rau Linux, qhov kev zov me nyuam feem ntau yog txhij mus rau hauv qhov faib. Lub terminals hauv qee lub Linux thaum pib txhawb Wget commands. Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE thiab lwm tus neeg muab khoom faib nrog txoj haujlwm, raws li lawv hais, tawm hauv lub thawv. Tom ntej no, xav txog qhov kev zov me nyuam hauv ntau dua.

Wget commands: daim ntawv teev cov tsis yooj yim

Daim ntawv teev cov lus txib muaj xws li:

• -V - tso cai rau koj xyuas seb qhov twg ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog tam sim no siv;
• -h - qhia cov npe ntawm cov lus txib tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm nrog daim ntawv thov;
• -b - tso cai rau koj muab qhov kev zov me nyuam rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau;

Sau cov lus xaiv

Wget commands cia koj mus tswj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm kom pom. Ntawm no yog lawv daim ntawv:

• -o logfile - tsim ib daim ntawv teev npe, uas sau rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov;
• -a logfile - tso cai rau koj ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg uas twb muaj lawm es tsis txhob tsim ib qho tshiab;
• -d-nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau cov tsim tawm thiab debugger (pab daws teeb meem thiab kho cov teeb meem hauv tus neeg ua haujlwm txoj haujlwm);
• -q - disables cov duab ntawm cov lus;
• -v - qhov kev xaiv no yog ua tau los ntawm lub neej, muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog txhua tus txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam (nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm);
• -nv - ua li cas thiaj li tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm tus neeg siv cov lus. Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov ntawv qhia kev ua yuam kev nyob;
• -i cov ntaub ntawv (nrog rau txoj kev rau cov ntaub ntawv) - qhov kev cai txib tso cai rau luam theej duab, rho qhov txuas ntawm nws thiab ua yeeb yam; Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau hom ntawv, nrog rau HTML, tab sis yog tias koj siv qhov kev hais kom ua no, tsis txhob hais txog txoj kev rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kab lus;
• -f - ua rau qhov kev zov me nyuam nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ua HTML; Thaum siv qhov kev hais kom ua hauj lwm nrog rau ib qho HTML ntawv, ib qho kev ua yuam kev yuav tshwm sim kom tsis txhob muab nws, cia li hais hauv daim ntawv

Khau raj xaiv

Cov lus txib yooj yim rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog lub download ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev pab los ntawm Wget. Ntawm no yog lawv cov teeb txheej:

• - chaw nyob-chaw nyob = ADDRESS - qhov kev qhia no tso cai rau koj hloov cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tshuab hauv zos. Thaum siv qhov kev sib txuas TCP / IP, qhov kev hais kom ua yuav tsum qhia tus IP qhov chaw kom raug (yog tias muaj ntau tshaj ib qho).
• -tu tus naj npawb (qhia kom meej naj npawb) - tso cai rau tus neeg siv los xaiv cov xov tooj ntawm cov sij hawm mus download tau. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob duplication, koj yuav tsum qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus naj npawb sib npaug los xoom.
• Lus hauv no teb - qhov hais kom ua no yuav rov qab los rau yav dhau los lub xeev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv downloaded hauv cov ntaub ntawv lub network tsis thiab lub download yog interrupted. Yog hais tias koj tsis siv ib qho ntawm cov khau raj commands (-N, -nc, -r), Wget yuav tsim ib daim qauv ntawm nws thiab pib daus dua. Qhov -r xaiv tau rau koj los hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm.
• -c - kuj pab txhawb kev xa cov ntaub ntawv, thaum poob ntawm kev twb kev txuas (thiab thaum Wget tau nres nws tus kheej-sim rov qab txuas). Nws yog txaus kom qhia cov lus hais ua ntej ua ntej qhov link rau cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws hauv phau ntawv siv, Wget yuav taw qhia nws thiab txiav txim seb puas yuav rov qab ua kom tiav. Qhov kev hais kom siv tsuas yog siv rau cov servers uas muaj kev pab txhawb rau cov thawj hauv RANGE.

• - tsim - tso cai rau koj xaiv cov hom kev kawm tau tawm. Koj tuaj yeem qhia meej tias-pib = muaj los yog kev kawm = dot.
• --spider - hloov cov ntaub ntawv hais kom ua mus xyuas nws lub xub ntiag;
• -w (hauv vib nas this) - qhia lub sij hawm luv ntawm downloads.
• -q (teev nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov kilobytes lossis megabytes) - tso cai rau koj kom yog tswj cov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv downloaded thiab txwv ntau tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog teev cia tias ib cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab los tsis hais tus nqi quota (uas yog, nrog rau ib daim ntawv xaiv qhov no yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, txawm nws nyuaj npaum li cas los xij).

HTTP Parameters List

• --http-user = thiab --http-passwd = - pub qhia kom meej tias tus ID nkag mus thiab tus password rau kev tso cai rau ntawm qhov chaw muab kev pabcuam los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug downloaded.
• -C = on / off - tso cai rau koj tso cai los yog lov tes taw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov.
• --cookies = on / off - tib yam li rau cache, tsuas yog rau ncuav qab zib. Tso cai rau kom nres los yog rov pib dua cov kev sib hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cookie uas tsim nyog rau tus neeg rau zaub mov kom muaj kev sib xyuas cov qhua. Yog vim li cas, qhov option yog enabled, tab sis ncuav qab zib tsis raug cawm mus rau lub zog tsav.
• - Nqaij-ncuav qab zib - pub koj khaws khoom qab zib (tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab).
• --proxy-neeg thiab -proxy-passwd-tso cai rau koj los qhia tus ID nkag mus thiab lo lus zais rau kev tso cai rau ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas lub npe (yog ib tus muab kev koom tes).

FTP nqis sau

Advanced kev xaiv ua haujlwm nrog Wget. FTP Txib:

• -nr - disables deleting ib ntus ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov npe. Directorying uas yog nthawv generated thaum ua haujlwm nrog FTP;
• -g rau / tawm - tso cai rau hluav taws xob siv cov cim tshwj xeeb hauv FTP cov kab txuas;
• - ntxig-ftp - qhov kev hais kom siv tau nrog Firewall qhib lub hom FTP hom (thaum tus neeg siv nws tus kheej yog lub luag haujlwm tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas rau tus neeg rau zaub mov).

Wget commands: piv txwv ntawm kev siv

Qhov simplest thiab feem ntau piv txwv rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem yog, tau kawg, daus ntaub ntawv. Los kuaj Wget commands, koj tuaj yeem pib nrog ib tus yooj yooj yim, nrhiav ib qhov txuas rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv network, thiab nkag mus rau lub davhlau ya nrog nrog txoj kev thiab kos rau cov ntaub ntawv *.

Mus txuas ntxiv daus cov ntaub ntawv, siv: Wget -c * ib qhov txuas qhia qhov tseeb thiab tag nrho kev rau cov ntaub ntawv *.

Yog tias muaj cov npe teev nrog cov kev sib txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ces koj siv tau Wget -i filelist.txt hais kom ua.

Xws li rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm nplooj ntawv, txhua yam yog me ntsis nyuab ntxiv no, tab sis tib lub sij hawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev tsim nyog tau nce. Hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob rov qab nkag qhov tsis txhua zaus koj xav tau mus download tau ib lub vev xaib, koj tuaj yeem tsim ntawv los sis teem caij rau tag nrho cov chaw rau .wgetrc.

Kom txuag tau cov nplooj ntawv web page (nws yuav tsis yooj yim qhib rau ntawm lub tshuab hauv zos), koj tuaj yeem siv Wget -m * hais kom qhia kom paub meej pes tsawg thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv *.

Txhawm rau tib nplooj ntawv rau saib tsis txuas rau Internet, koj tuaj yeem siv Wget -r -10 -k * txuas nrog lub caij nyoog thiab tag nrho kev rau cov ntaub ntawv *.

Wget format yuam kev ib qho hais kom ua tsis tau txhais tau tias cov typo thiab ib qho kev qhia teev incorrectly.