Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: biography

Ib tug zoo heev paub txog thiab Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov los ua ib tug tho kev thiab founder ntawm domestic cryptography. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no, nws thiab nws cov npoj yaig tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv kiag li lawm, los ntawm cov uas tuaj rau daim card cov lus qhia thiab kev txiav txim.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Ib tug zoo heev paub txog thiab engineer Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich yug nyob rau hauv Kazan. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Cuaj hlis 6, 1908. Tus tub koom mus rau ib tug tsev neeg ntawm raws roj ntsha professors - nws txiv thiab nws yawg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zos tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog tsis xav hais tias nrog xws li ib tug me me tsev neeg Volodya rau 6 xyoo kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, tab sis kuj mastered rau lub qhia txog algebra, xam thiab geography.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo, tus me nyuam poob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej thiab lub Civil War. Vim hais tias ntawm no KOTELNIKOVO tsev neeg lossi tsiv los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw. Vladimir tau kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev, thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv nws kawm xwb hauv peb lub kawm ntawv. Ordeals ntawm tsov rog xyoo tsis tawg nws tus paj laum nyob rau hauv science. Cov tub hluas los ua xav nyob rau hauv xov tooj cua. Qhov no hobby tau hais tseg tag nrho nws lub neej yav tom ntej lub neej.

tsim

Nyob rau hauv 1926 Vladimir nkag mus hauv lub Moscow dua Kev School muaj npe tom qab Bauman. Kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ua raws li los ntawm ib tug mus xyuas ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv Physics thiab Lej kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University. Thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub Nyquist Bauman ntawm nws cov qauv sawv MEI - Moscow fais fab Engineering lub koom haum, uas kawm tiav ntawm tus tub hluas.

Prestigious kev kawm ntawv tso cai rau nws mus ua ib tug engineer nyob rau kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Communications ntawm lub Red Army. Ces Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv kawm tiav MEI, thaum ua hauj lwm raws li tus thawj coj engineer thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub laboratory nyob rau kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum.

ib qho tseem ceeb foundations

Career ntawm ib tug hluas paub txog tau ua ib tug sai txhob, thaum nyob rau hauv 1933, nws sau ua ke cov kev tshawb xav ntawm interpolation zog, qhib British soj ntsuam Whittaker. Nws piav txog cov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis thaum uas siv cov ib tug tas mus teeb liab. Cov mis muaj pov thawj Kotel'nikov, yog utmost tseem ceeb rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm technology. Qhov no discovery los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus qhia thiab nws cov coding thiab ua cov cov messaging systems, thiab lwm yam Thaum tib lub sij hawm raws li Kotelnikov zoo xws li cov txhob nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ua tus American Klod Shennon, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi lub theorem lub npe hu ua Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

Siv discoveries los ua tseeb tsis sai li sai tau. Rau nws cov cim cov ntaub ntawv Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich sau tau ib ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsab ntawv ceeb toom, tab sis nws twb tsis tau txais los ntawm cov neeg kho ntawm lub scientific phau ntawv journal-union "Hluav taws xob". Cov ntawv hais tias tus neeg tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib yam uas tsis muaj nuj nqis rau Soviet engineers.

Txuas ntxiv cov hauj lwm

Cuaj kaum, twb nyob rau hauv lub 30 xyoo ntawm Soviet paub txog Kotelnikov Vladimir nws los ua ib tug neeg sib tw ntawm kev sciences ntawm lub USSR. Nws tau txais ib tug degree txawm tsis muaj tiv thaiv ib tug thesis. Tsis ntev, nyob rau hauv 1941, lub engineer tau formulated ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ib tug yav tom ntej pov thawj system ntawm classifying Pib ntsais koj teeb.

Abstracts Nyquist twb revolutionary. Ib tug tseem ceeb innovation yog tus transformation ntawm lub qub analog Pib ntsais koj teeb rau cov. Nws twb assumed tias cov khoom rau tej hauj lwm yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv raws li cov zauv theorem. Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog lawv cov theoretical kev tshawb fawb, tus paub txog ib zaug dua ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm. Cov txheej txheem, nws kwv yees, muaj tsuas yog tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II.

Nyob rau ntawm daim card chaw

Qhov kawg ntawm lub 30s Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub laboratory rau lub creation ntawm ib tug multi-channel xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus cov khoom. Nrog nws tom qab, luv luv-line ntawm Moscow thiab Khabarovsk yog tsim los pab. Ua ke nrog cov Kotelnikov rau qhov project no ua hauj lwm zoo heev inventors Aleksandr mints, Konstantin Egorov thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus paub txog coj los ntawm ob lub chaw soj nstuam, uas tau tsim classifying technology, hu xov tooj thiab hlua taws xob cov lus qhia. Cov pab neeg, ua hauj lwm hauv cov tsev, tau ua tiav nyob rau tus nqi ntawm engineers, nyuam qhuav kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev sib txuas lus.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, Soviet tshwj xeeb tau tswj kom txav los ntawm outdated ntaub ntawv encryption tshuab mus rau qhov tshiab synchronous, linear khaws cia tsis pub leejtwg paub lub xov tooj cua thiab xov tooj sib tham. Ib tug enormous pab mus rau qhov no kev vam meej tau ua Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Biography Zaum tau qhia lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj tsim nyog tso siab tau rau nws nrog ib tug tseem ceeb lub hom phiaj. Lub inventor coj li cov tshuaj rau qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb - ib tug ntaus ntawv rau encrypting suab Pib ntsais koj teeb, resistant rau deciphering yeeb ncuab. Tom qab lub teb chaws Yelemees rov cov USSR xws khoom ua tseem ceeb heev.

"Sable" thiab "Bullfinch"

Cim khoom kom department nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm tsoom fwv zaus (RF) kev sib txuas lus. thawj xeem qauv ntawm "Sobol-kuv» yog tsim thiab dhau nyob rau hauv 1938. Cov khoom tau ua nyob rau Leningrad tsob nroj "Liab kaj ntug." Thaum lub Northern capital yog nyob rau hauv siege, lub enterprise twb evacuated mus Ufa. Muaj tsim ib tug tshiab Hoobkas №697, uas los ntawm neeg lub Commissariat ntawm lub Hluav taws xob cov lag luam ntawm lub USSR.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Ufa thiab tsiv ib feem ntawm txoj kev kuaj, lub taub hau ntawm uas yog Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Tus kws tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub kev tsov kev rog, txuas ntxiv mus tsim lub encoder, uas muaj tseem ceeb heev rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Ufa pab pawg neeg Nyquist koom rog nrog cov engineers ntawm cov nroj tsuag "Liab kaj ntug." qauv "Sobol-P" yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1942. Cov qauv no yog npaj rau ib daim card shortwave xov tooj cua telephony. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, "Sobol-P" tau ua qhov tseem technically nyuab apparatus rau encrypting ntaub ntawv. Tus ntaus ntawv converts lub fais ob npaug rau-hais lus Pib ntsais koj teeb. Qhov no twb ua siv lub sij hawm ncua feem ntawm lub teeb liab thiab nws spectrum inversion nplhaib. Txoj kev loj hlob tso cai rau kom tsim transposition ntawm kev hais lus feem. Generated cryptogram yog nyeem tsis tau rau tus yeeb ncuab.

Tus qauv kuaj tshwj xeeb xeev commission. Nws pom hais tias "Sobol-P" tso cai rau tsis pub leejtwg paub hais lus xyuam xim. Nws yog nthuav tias ib txhia ntawm tus neeg kho tshuab yam rau cov khoom (xws li sib nqus drums) twb tsis nqa tawm nyob rau hauv Ufa thiab nyob rau hauv lub besieged Leningrad. Tseem ceeb yam khoom tauj los ntawm tus kab nrog kev pab los ntawm chaw ua dav hlua.

Ua ke nrog cov "sable" nyob rau hauv portable khoom cais SAU-16 ( "Bullfinch") yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog. Qhov no ntaus ntawv tsa ib tug thawv rau khaub ncaws. Nws lub sij hawm nws mus ncig ua si siv pem hauv ntej commanders thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tej ceg txheem ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, nyob qhov twg muaj tsis muaj high-zaus kev sib txuas lus.

"Neva"

Washer "Sobol-P" twb xub siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub kawg ntawm 1942. Ces tus qauv radiotelephone encrypted daim card kev sib khom lus ntawm Moscow thiab Tbilisi, hloov zibntab Germans paub kev sib raug zoo nrog cov coj noj coj ntawm lub Transcaucasian Pem hauv ntej. Thawj koom ruam ntaus ntawv cawm nej dim ib tug ob peb lub hlis, kom txog thaum nyob rau Caspian ntug dej hiav txwv tsis yog ib tug kab tshiab ua tau. Tom qab ib tug muaj kev vam meej kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws cov khoom "Sobol-P" ntaus lub tsev hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov fronts. Thaum GHQ peb txiav txim siab los siv cov qauv no mus rau kis sab saum toj daim card kev txiav txim thiab ntaub ntawv.

Tab sis "Sobol-P" yog tsis tus tsuas yog novelty uas ib txhais tes Kotelnikov Vladimir. Kev kho tshiab hauv tus paub txog 40s ua txawm ntau tseem ceeb tom qab lub invention "Plas" thiab "Neva". Cov pab kiag li lawm yog tsim los encrypt lus ntawm wired raws. Lawv tau raws li nyob rau hauv txoj coding tswvyim, uas yog tshwj xeeb tsis tau txawv teb chaws. "Neva" siv rau kev sib txuas lus ntawm Moscow, 1 st thiab 2 Byelorussian Byelorussian fronts. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no tau pom nws daim ntawv thov thaum lub sij hawm lub thoob ntiaj teb lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub phoojywg nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov ua tsov rog (Tehran, Yalta thiab Potsdam lub rooj sib tham). Thaum kawg, tus "Neva" siv nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin hais lus nrog lub capitals ntawm lub ntau yam European powers ntawm lub kos npe rau ntawm lub German swb.

tom qab tsov rog,

Tom qab lub yeej ntawm pab neeg no txog engineers uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Ufa, nws twb disbanded. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm "Liab kaj ntug" tau rov qab mus rau Leningrad. Tus lwm ib nrab ntawm inventors thiab zaum mus rau Moscow, xws li nyob rau hauv lub MEI. Muaj nyob mus ua hauj lwm thiab Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Photo paub txog yeej tsis tau txais mus rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Yog ua hauj lwm rau ib daim card lub hom phiaj, nws yuav tsis suav rau pej xeem tawm ntawm cov kev ua ub. Cuaj kaum, tom qab tsov rog, Vladimir Kotelnikov coj lub koom haum lub tuam tsev ntawm "Theoretical me nyuam yaus ntawm xov tooj cua Engineering". Nws khiav nws rau ntau tshaj 36 xyoo.

Tab sis cov pej xeem ib feem ntawm cov kev ua ub faded tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Marfino sharashka. Qhov no yog ib qho unofficial lub npe los ua lug paub, twb tsau ua tsaug rau cov phau ntawv ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv thiab Nobel laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn, kuj ua hauj lwm muaj. Kev lig kev cai, nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kuaj №8, tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm sharashka yog 490 cov neeg. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau tsim ib daim card telephony, tshiab cov khoom rau cov encryption ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Ib txhia ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm lub tsev rau txim kab lus ntawm zaum thiab inventors.

academician

Nyob rau hauv 1953, ib tus paub txog los ua ib tug academician ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR. Yog hais tias leej twg cov kws txawj nyob rau hauv encryption ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab yuav tsum tau txais lub npe, nws yog twv yuav raug hu Kotelnikov Vladimir. Cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm nws inventions yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau puas, uas nws exposition mob siab rau cov ntawv no. Academician taws txoj kev kuaj, los tsim pab kiag li lawm rau lub Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci thiab lub KGB. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws taws lub Commission, saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm tshiab inventions ntawm lwm yam engineers.

Nyob rau hauv 1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov ua lub initiator thiab kev tshwm sim rau pab kiag li lawm xws li "Liana" "Lily", "Pob zeb diamond", "North-M", "mace", "Qhaus-B", thiab hais txog. D. los ntawm 1954 mus 1988. Academician yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm xov tooj cua Engineering thiab Electronics, Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, txawm nws venerable muaj hnub nyoog, nws ntxiv nws active Kotelnikov Vladimir. Hnub Yug (Cuaj hlis 6, 1908) thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kev pab cuam mus rau lub teb chaws tsis tau lub sij hawm rau nws nres thiab so rau peb laurels.

Nyob rau hauv 1992, Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm cryptography tau raug tsim ua tsaug rau Academician. Nyob rau hauv 2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov twb muab qhov kev txiav txim "Rau kev pab rau cov Fatherland» Kuv degree. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais nws rau nws ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab koj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab science. Academician tuag rau Lub ob hlis ntuj 11, 2005. Nws twb faus nyob Kuntsevo Tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow.