Ammonium ntsev - txoj kev ntawm kev npaj, siv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm NH4 + manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug singly them zoo alkali hlau ntawv. Thaum interacting nrog anions ntawm acidic tshuaj yog tsim crystalline qauv c - Ntsev ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, uas muaj xws li cov acid anion thiab cov ammonium pab pawg neeg.

Ammonium ntsev tau thaum lub sij hawm lub neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ammonia nrog ib tug acid.

ammonium ntsev, xws li, nyob rau hauv tus, feem ntau ntawm cov alkali hlau yuav dissociate (phua rau hauv cations thiab anions) nyob rau hauv aqueous tov rau hauv lub ions: ammonium ntsev, raws li alkali hlau salts dissociate rau hauv ions:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Thaum lub sij hawm cov cua kub, qhuav ammonium ntsev yog decomposed rau hauv ammonia thiab acid; Qhov no yog hu ua thermal dissociation.

Cov tsim acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) ua ke nrog NH3 suab thiab raws li thaum txias uake nrog ammonia thiab ib lub ntsev yog tau. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws yog ua tau thiab cov txheej txheem yog reversible decomposition:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Yog li, ammonium tshuaj dawb sublimes thaum rhuab, tab sis tom qab ib co sij hawm nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub raj dua zoo nkaus li dawb txheej ntawm ammonium tshuaj dawb. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus tsim ntawm uas tsis yog-volatile acid ntsev, e.g., (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes thaum lub sij hawm ua cua sov xwb NH3, thiab cov acid nyob. Qhov no yog hu ua irreversible decomposition.

Tag nrho ammonium ntsev yog nkag decomposed los ntawm alkalis (nrog cua kub) mus tso ammonia:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv rau kev nrhiav kom tau ntawm chiv nrog ib tug ammonium daim ntawv ntawm nitrogen.

Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ammonium carbonate ntxhia thiab organic acids tso carbon dioxide. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ammonium sulfate los yog chloride nrog AgNO3 los yog BaCl tsim precipitates yam ntxwv dawb xim.

Ammonium ntsev: Piv txwv

ammonium ntsev lug siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo heev cov ntaub ntawv uas rau mineral noj nroj tsuag (e.g., ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Raws li nws yog lub npe hu Nitrogen nroj tsuag yuav nqus xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug bound daim ntawv (NO3, NH4). Yog li ntawd, lub nitrogen tebchaw yog zoo heev. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb yog lub ammonium nitrate uas muaj ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- nitrogen.

Thiab ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm DAIM NTAWV QHIA NH4H2P04 thiab diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 muaj ob tshuaj ntsiab ntawm tsob nroj noj haus - Nitrogen thiab phosphorus. Ammonium ntsev muaj nyob rau hauv lub mixed chiv.

Thaum ammonia reacts nrog cov pa roj carbon oxide (IV) twb tsim urea los yog urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium tshuaj dawb (NH4C1) los yog ammonium tshuaj dawb yog siv nyob rau hauv electrochemical hlwb, nyob rau hauv dyeing thiab sittsepechatanii, tinning thiab soldering. Kev Tiv Tauj lub rhuab hlau, ammonia yog decomposed rau hauv hydrogen chloride thiab ammonia. Hydrochloric acid reacts nrog lub oxide, contaminating cov hlau nto, nyob rau lub volatile ntsev yog tsim.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias mus rau qhov ntxuav nto zoo adheres solder. NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon thiab txhuas ntsev yog ib feem ntawm lub heev - ammonal. Cov tebchaw yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob zeb. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab confectionery ua lag luam. Qhov no compound kuj yog siv raws li ib tug preservative rau ntau hom kev pub. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi muaj zog uas yuav pab leeb ripening.

Zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ammonium ntsev. Thaum rhuab, lub ammonium ntsev tsim nrog alkali tshuaj ntawm ammonium hydroxide, uas yog cleaved nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ammonia.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm ammonia yuav ntsuas los ntawm ib tug kev tsw thiab nrog rau xim daim ntawv ntsuas. Rau nqa tawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws yog tsim nyog los noj 1.0 cm3 ammonium ntsev tov ntxiv 0.5 cm3 tshuaj ntawm sodium hydroxide thiab tshav kub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub cua sov cov txheej txheem, ammonia yog tso tawm, yam ntxwv tsw yog tsim, liab yog xim xiav litmus.