Sodium hydroxide, nws lub cev thiab tshuaj zog:

Sodium hydroxide, los yog caustic dej qab zib - inorganic compound uas belongs rau ib chav kawm ntawv ntawm hauv paus los yog hydroxides. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem thiab txawv teb chaws no yam khoom uas hu caustic dej qab zib. Common lub npe - caustic dej qab zib - nws yog vim nws muaj zog corrosive kev txiav txim.

Qhov no khoom dawb crystalline tshuaj muaj hygroscopicity, melting ntawm 328 degrees. Sodium hydroxide yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab yog ib tug muaj zog ntsha. Thaum lub dissociation so li mus rau hauv ib tug hlau ntawv thiab hydroxide ions.

Thaum xaus nyob rau hauv dej tas active compound - alkali - thiab xub npus xav. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hais sai heev - nrog tshuaj tsuag thiab tshav kub. Nws ntaus caustic rau tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week ua mob loj heev tshuaj kub nyhiab, ces thaum koj ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab tiv thaiv koj ob txhais tes thiab ob lub qhov muag. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog lub tshuaj mus rau lub epithelium los yog lub qhov muag, qhov ncauj, nws yog tsim nyog kom sai li sai raws li lub cuam tshuam cheeb tsam tej zaum yuav ntxuav nrog dej thiab ib tug tsis muaj zog tshuaj ntawm acetic (2%) los yog boron (3%) ntawm cov acid, thiab ces dua nrog dej. Tom qab muab thaum muaj xwm ceev cov kev pab rau cov neeg raug dag hais yuav tau mus ntsib ib tug kws kho mob.

Sodium hydroxide (tshuaj mis ntawm lub compound - NaOH, struturnaya - NaOH) - ib tug sib active tshuaj, uas yuav hnov mob nrog ob inorganic thiab los ntawm organic tshuaj. Ntes nws nyob rau hauv lub aqueous lub ntsiab yuav zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hydroxide ion nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm indicators. Yog li, litmus qhia yuav maub xiav, methyl txiv kab ntxwv - daj, thiab phenolphthalein - txiv pos, nyob rau cov kev siv ntawm cov xim yuav yog nyob ntawm seb concentration ntawm alkali.

sodium Gidrksid nkag mus rau hauv xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

1. neutralization nrog acids, acid oxides thiab amphoteric tebchaw. Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm dej thiab ntsev gidroksokompleka los yog - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog bases thiab amphoteric oxides;

2. pauv nrog rau ntsev;

3. nrog co uas yog nyob rau hauv kab rau hydrogen Beketova elektorhimichesky thiab muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj tej zaum;

4. ib tug uas tsis yog-hlau thiab halogens;

4. hydrolysis esters;

5. saponification nrog cov rog (tsim tshuaj xub npum thiab glycerin);

6. tshuaj tiv thaiv uas alcohols (alkoxides ua tshuaj).

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv molten daim ntawv caustic dej qab zib muaj peev xwm ua kom puas iav thiab iav, thiab muaj cov pa - lub noble hlau (platinum).

Sodium hydroxide yuav npaj los ntawm txoj kev:

1. electrolysis ntawm aqueous NaCl (diaphragm thiab daim nyias nyias txoj kev)
2. tshuaj (txiv qaub thiab ferrite txujci).

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub feem ntau siv txoj kev yog raws li nyob rau hauv electrolysis, vim hais tias lawv muaj ntau muaj txiaj ntsim.

Caustic dej qab zib yog heev nrov thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau industries - kom hniav zoo nkauj, sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv, cov tshuaj lom, textile, khoom noj khoom haus. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug additive E-524, rau Degassing thaj chaw thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm biodiesel.

Yog li, sodium hydroxide, - ib tug lye, uas tau lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no vim nws sib reactive tsuag.