Organic acids nyob rau hauv peb txhua tus lub neej

Organic acids yog tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj nrog acid zog yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, raws li zoo raws li kev noj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsev los yog esters - ntawm cov organic tebchaw

Nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb lub xeev xws li polybasic hydroxy acids pom ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov compound yog yus muaj los ntawm nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw mus rau lwm yam ntsiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li stems, nplooj, thiab hais txog. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau hauv cov organic acids, lawv daim ntawv teev yog tas li loj hlob, thiab feem ntau yog tsis tau kaw, uas yog tsis tu ncua tshiab. Twb pom acids xws li:

- adipic acid,

benzoic,

-dihloruksusnaya,

-valerianovaya,

-glikolievaya,

-glutarovaya,

citric,

-maleinovaya,

-margarinovaya,

-butyric,

lactic,

-monohloruksusnaya,

-muravinaya,

propionic,

-salitsilovaya,

-triftoruksusnaya,

-fumarovaya,

acetic,

-schavelevaya,

-yablochnaya,

Muaj ntau succinic thiab lwm yam organic acids.

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag. Rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag muaj xws li apricots, Quince, txiv moj mab, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, txiv ntoo qab zib, pears, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab apples, rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag los kuj rank cranberries, txiv ntoo qab zib, blackberries, cranberries, gooseberries, raspberries, currants dub. Nyob rau hauv cov yeej yog tartaric, citric, salicylic, oxalic, thiab malic acid. Nyob rau hauv berries kuj muaj cov organic acids, thiab nrog rau ib tug ntau ntawm benzoic acid.

Rau hnub tim, peb kawm ntau thaj chaw ntawm acids ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm pharmacology thiab lom los ntawm cov tib neeg lub cev. Piv txwv li:

• Ua ntej, organic acid - sufficiently tseem ceeb Cheebtsam metabolism (metabolism, namely, cov nqaijrog, nqaijrog thiab carbohydrates);
• secondly, ua rau cov secretory kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub qaub ncaug; pab txhawb kom muaj acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas;
• thib peb, coj ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem nyob rau hauv qhov kev nce nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib sib cais, pais plab thiab pancreatic kua;
• thiab thaum kawg, yog antiseptic.

Lawv acidity yog hom twg los ntawm plaub tag nrho pH nqi (pH) thiab tsib thiab tsib.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, organic acids ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam raws li ib tug tib neeg acting vyyavitel tsis zoo los yog tsis zoo khoom. Rau lub caij nyoog kawg no feem ntau heev siv cov qauv ntawm cov ion chromatography nyob rau hauv uas ib tug lub sij hawm yuav yuav ntes tau tsis tsuas organic acids, tab sis kuj inorganic ions. Nrog rau cov saum toj no txoj kev nrog conductometric nrhiav kom tau muting tom qab conductivity qhia tau hais tias cov kev tshwm sim ntawm yuav luag kaum lub sij hawm ntau yog tshaj kom paub tias kev ua tau zoo thaum uas tsis muaj yoj-ntev ultraviolet lub teeb.
Identification Profile organic acids nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua tsis yog tsuas yog tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov dej haus, nws ibqho kev siv, tab sis tseem muaj txhawb rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ntawv cuav.
Yog hais tias koj twb xav txog ncaj qha rau thaj chaw ntawm carboxylic acids, ces lawv feem ntau muaj xws li:

- muab liab litmus ntawv;

- yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej;

- yog muaj ib tug qaub saj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub carboxylic acids yog ib qho tseem ceeb txaus hluav taws xob neeg xyuas pib. Los ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm txhua yam acids yuav mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm tsis muaj zog electrolytes, tsuas yog, ntawm chav kawm, formic acid, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav siv sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm cov kev siv muaj nqis. Qhov siab molecular yuag carboxylic acid muaj feem xyuam rau lub dag lub zog thiab hniav lwj yog inversely xwm yeem kev sib raug zoo. Nrog kev tej hlau yuav tau cais cov hydrogen los ntawm lub acid thiab ntsev, uas yog npaum li cas qeeb qeeb tshaj tus sis raug zoo nrog muaj zog acids xws li sulfuric los yog hydrochloric. ntsev kuj yuav tshwm sim thaum raug rau lub yooj yim oxides thiab bases.