Yuav ua li cas los tsim kom tau ib tug airship? Yuav ua li cas yog lub airship? Tsis peb yuav tsum tau lawv nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no?

Airship (los ntawm Fabkis diriger - «tswj») - ib tug self-propelled flying tshuab, sib zog dua cov pa. Nws cov dab neeg thiab txoj kev mus tsim no aircraft, peb yuav piav qhia txog tom qab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Lub Khoos Loos Tsev ntsiab

Muaj peb hom airships: mos mos, semi-yeem thiab txhav. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj xws li plaub lub ntsiab qhov chaw:

• smoke plhaub los yog zais pa lawm ua tus sau nrog roj uas ceev yog tsawg tshaj li cov kev ceev ntawm huab cua;
• cockpit los yog gondola tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub plhaub, uas yog siv los thauj neeg coob thiab coob uas xam nrog;
• motors tsav tsheb lub propellers;
• kab rov tav thiab ntsug rudders los pab tsav lub airship.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub blimp? Qhov no zais pa cab txuas thereto ntawm ropes. Yog hais tias lub roj tso tawm, lub plhaub yuav plam nws lawm.

Semi-txhav airship (yees duab nws yog muab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog tseem nyob rau sab hauv siab, uas tswj nws zoo lawm, tiam sis nws tseem muaj ib tug hlau ntxwv keel uas extends longitudinally raws hauv paus ntawm lub zais pa thiab txhawb cov cab.

Txhav airships no yog ua los ntawm khaub-ncaws nyias ncej ua los ntawm txhuas hlau, them nrog daim ntaub. Lawv tsis muab zwm tseg. Hauv cov qauv no yog ob peb balloons, txhua tus uas muaj peev xwm yuav ib lub zuj zus lawm ua tus sau nrog roj. Aircraft ntawm no hom khaws nws zoo irrespective ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm fullness ntawm thooj voos kheej kheej.

Uas gases yog siv?

Feem ntau siv airships rau lifting hydrogen thiab Helium. Hydrogen yog lub lightest paub gas thiab, yog li, nws muaj ib tug loj muaj peev xwm. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib co txais nplaim taws, uas yog qhov ua rau ntawm ntau tuag tsawg feempua sibtsoo. Helium yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim, tab sis nws yog ntau npaum li cas nyob xeeb dua qub vim hais tias lawv tsis hlawv.

Gas containment thaum ntxov airship thooj voos kheej kheej ua los ntawm paj rwb ntaub impregnated nrog roj hmab, uas yog nws thiaj li supplanted los ntawm cov khoom cua fabrics xws li polyester thiab neoprene.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Tus thawj kev vam meej airship twb ua nyob rau hauv 1852 nyob rau hauv Fabkis los ntawm Henri Giffard. Nws tsim ib tug 160-phaus chav engine muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug 3-liter muaj peev xwm. p., uas yog txaus mus tsav lub loj kiv cua ntawm 110 revolutions ib feeb. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsa tus luj ntawm lub fais fab nroj tsuag, nws nyob hauv lub 44-meter thiab ib tug hydrogen zais pa, pib los ntawm Paris racetrack ya mus rau ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 10 km / h, lub tawg deb ntawm txog 30 km.

Nyob rau hauv 1872, ib tug German engineer Paul Haenlyayn thawj ntsia thiab siv nyob rau hauv airship nrog combustion engine, uas tau txais kev pab rau cov roj gas los ntawm lub tog raj kheej.

Nyob rau hauv 1883, lub Fabkis Albert thiab Gaston Tissandier thawj ntse tswj lub zais pa, uas yog tsav los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob motor.

Tus thawj txhav airship nrog ib tug txhuas ntawv cov vaj tse ua tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, ib tug neeg uas Brazil uas nyob rau hauv Paris, tau tsim muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub series ua nws los ntawm 1898 mus 1905 14 uas tsis yog-txhav airship powered by internal combustion xyaw.

Suav von Zeppelin

Cov vam meej tshaj plaws neeg teb xov tooj txhav zais pa nrog ib tug cav yog German Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, uas ua nyob rau hauv 1900, nws cov thawj airship. Yuav ua li cas yog lub LZ-1? Luftschiff Zeppelin, Zeppelin los yog aircraft, - technically sophisticated nkoj, ntev ntawm 128 m thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm 11.6 m, uas yog ua los ntawm ib tug txhuas ncej, muaj raws ntawm longitudinal kab teeb 24, 16 tuaj koom los ntawm transverse rings, thiab yog tsav los ntawm ob motors, lub hwj chim 16 l. ib tug.

Lub aircraft yuav ncav cuag speeds mus txog 32 km / h. Earl txuas ntxiv mus txhim kho cov kev tsim thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog, thaum ntau ntawm nws airships (hu ua zeppelins) muaj tau siv los bombard Paris thiab London. Aircraft ntawm no hom kuj siv tus phoojywg thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, mas rau anti-submarine patrols.

Nyob rau hauv lub 20s thiab 30s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab lub tebchaws United States txuas ntxiv qhov kev tsim kho ntawm airships. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1919, British aircraft R-34 ob zaug ua ib transatlantic uas davhlau.

Conquest ntawm lub North Ncej

Nyob rau hauv 1926, Italian semi-txhav airship (yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) "Norway" muaj tau ntse siv Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth thiab Umberto Nobile General kawm North Ncej. Cov tom ntej no ntoj ke mus kawm rau lwm airship, coj los ntawm Umberto Nobile.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws yog npaj los mus ua kom 5 flights, tab sis lub airship, ua nyob rau hauv 1924, poob lawm nyob rau hauv 1928. Lub lag luam rov qab rau cov ncov qaumteb qabteb soj ntsuam coj ntau tshaj li 49 hnub, thaum lub sij hawm uas tua 9 rescuers, xws li Amundsen.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub npe airship nyob rau hauv 1924? Plaub Cua Thauj Series N, tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab Umberto Nobile nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, twb hu ua "ltalis".

lub heyday

Nyob rau hauv 1928, German balloonist Hugo Eckener ua lub airship "Graf Zeppelin". Ua ntej yuav decommissioning, cuaj xyoos tom qab, nws ua 590 flights, xws li 144 transoceanic nqe vaj lug kub. Nyob rau hauv 1936, lub teb chaws Yelemees launched kev transatlantic neeg caij lub "Hindenburg".

Txawm tias muaj tej achievements, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo 1930 airships ntiaj teb no suab ceased mus tsim vim lawv cov qib high nqi, tsis tshua muaj ceev, raws li zoo raws li lub ruaj khov ntawm lub dag huab cua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug series ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm uas - uas muaj cov hydrogen tawg "Hindenburg" nyob rau hauv 1937, ua ke nrog kev kho nyob rau hauv aircraft nyob rau hauv lub 30 thiab 40 lub. tau ua li no kev thauj yog muag obsolete.

technology kev kawm

Gas thooj voos kheej kheej ntawm ntau thaum ntxov airships ua los ntawm thiaj li hu ua "daim tawv nqaij zolotoboytsa": nyuj siab tawv tiv thaiv rov qab, thiab ces ncav us txog. Cov creation ntawm ib qho ntawm cov aircraft yuav tsum tau ob puas thiab tsib caug txhiab nyuj.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab nws cov phoojywg nres zus tau tej cov sausages, hais tias muaj yog txaus cov ntaub ntawv uas rau zus tau tej cov airships uas nqa tawm lub bombing ntawm ces. Kev kho tshiab hauv ntaub tshuab, xws li, ua tsaug rau tus tsim nyob rau hauv 1839 ntawm vulcanized roj hmab los ntawm Charles Goodyear American cov tub luam, tau tshwm sim los ib tug tawg ntawm innovation nyob rau hauv lub airship. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thirties, lub US Navy ua ob "ya aircraft carrier", "Akron" thiab "Macon", uas nws nkoj qhib, tso fighter aircraft fleet F9C Sparrowhawk. Cov ships twb tawg tom qab raug ntaus los ntawm ib tug cua daj cua dub, thiab tsis muaj los ua pov thawj lawv kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ua.

lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv rau lub caij ntawm lub davhlau twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1937, zais pa "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". Ib tug aircraft muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua 130 h 27 min. Lub zos mus xyuas thaum lub sij hawm airship sib ntaus - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny thiab Novgorod.

sunset zais pa

Ces airships txawm ploj ntais. Yog li ntawd, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" pob tawg lawm tshaj Lakehurst nyob rau hauv New Jersey - nyob rau hauv ib lub pob ntawm cov hluav taws tua 36 coob uas xam nrog thiab neeg coob cov tswv cuab. Cov xwm txheej no yog cia rau zaj duab xis, thiab lub ntiaj teb no pom lub German airship pob tawg lawm.

Yuav ua li cas yog hydrogen, thiab yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai nws tau ua kom meej rau txhua leej txhua tus, thiab lub tswv yim hais tias cov neeg tau tsiv mus nyob comfortably nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm no roj nyob rau hauv ib qho instant los ua tsis tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub aircraft ntawm no hom yog tsuas yog siv rau Helium, uas yog uas tsis yog-flammable. Qhia nrov thiab ua yig aircraft xws li high-ceev "ya tej nkoj nquam" ntawm Yias American Airways.

Niaj hnub nimno engineers muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm aircraft ntawm no hom, tau nyuaj qhov tseeb hais tias kom txog rau thaum 1999, thaum nws twb luam tawm ib phau ntawm cov khoom hais txog yuav ua li cas los tsim kom tau ib tug airship hu ua lub "airship technology", tsuas muaj phau ntawv nyeem yog cov phau ntawv "Aircraft tsim" Charles Burgess , luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1927

niaj hnub tsim

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, airship designers tau tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg nrog caij thiab freight thauj tau teem rau, uas yog tsis txaus rau zoo siv kev tsheb nqaj hlau, txoj kev thiab cov hiav txwv thauj, thiab tawm ntawm ncav cuag nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw.

Nkag mus rau hauv momentum thawj ob peb xws li tej yaam num. Nyob rau hauv lub seventies, William Miller, ib tug qub fighter tsav Naval Fleet nyob rau hauv New Jersey muaj tej nkoj cua deltoid zoo hu ua Aereon 26. Tab sis cov txhais tau tias Miller twb tom qab thawj zaug kuaj davhlau. Tsim ib tsab cargo aircraft yuav tsum tau loj loj peev, thiab lub peev xwm buyers yog tsis txaus.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees Cargolifter AG tuaj rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws freestanding tsev ntau tshaj 300 m nyob rau hauv ntev, ntawm lub tuam txhab uas npaj los tsim kom tau ib tug Helium semi txhav airship cargo. Ua li cas yog ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm aeronautics, nws los ua tseeb nyob rau hauv 2002, thaum lub tuam txhab yog ntsib nrog kev cov nyom thiab kev txwv cov nyiaj, ntaub ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv bankruptcy tiv thaiv. Lub hangar yog nyob ze Berlin, nws twb tom qab muab mus rau hauv qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv tsev dej park nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe "tauj kob."

Nyob rau hauv pursuit ntawm lub championship

Ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm tsim engineers, ib co kev uas yog backed los ntawm tseem ceeb tsoom fwv thiab lwm qhov peev, peb yog ntseeg hais tias, muab cov nyob rau ntawm tshiab technologies thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, lub tuam txhab yuav tsum tau kev pab los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm airships. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj xyoo tas los, lub US lub tsev ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev tsa ib lub rooj sib tham muaj nplooj siab rau qhov no hom ntawm huab cua thauj, cov aim ntawm uas yog mus leeb tus txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm airships koom nyob rau hauv tus khoos kas aerospace heavyweights Boeing thiab Northrop Grumman. Zog ntawm Guj kuj, Brazil thiab Tuam Tshoj tau ua los yog tsim lawv tus kheej prototypes. Canada tau tsim muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm aircraft tej yaam num, nrog rau cov "Hnub ci nkoj", uas zoo li ib tug bloated stealth bomber nrog solar panels muab tso thoob plaws rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tis lawm ua tus sau nrog Helium. Tag nrho cov muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg los ua tus thawj thiab monopolize kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom thauj mus los, uas muaj peev xwm yuav ntsuas nyob rau hauv billions ntawm cov nyiaj. Tam sim no, mloog yog twv rau peb qhov projects:

• English Airlander 10, Hybrid Cua faib Company - tam sim no tus loj tshaj plaws airship nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no;
• LMH-1, lub tuam txhab "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, thoob ntiaj teb Eros Corp lub tuam txhab tsim neeg txawv teb chaws los ntawm Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC zais pa nrog lawv ob txhais tes

Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm aircraft ntawm no hom, nws yog tau tsim ib tug airship cov me nyuam. Nws loj yog me dua ntawd ntawm tej qauv, uas yuav tau muas, thiab nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke ntawm stability thiab maneuverability.

Yuav kom tsim tau ib yam me me airship yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab no ntaub ntawv:

• Peb tej yam me me lub cev muaj zog uas 2.5 g los yog tsawg dua.
• Pico luj ntawm 2 g (e.g., DelTang Rx33, uas, ua ke nrog lwm qhov chaw, muaj peev xwm yuav yuav nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb khw hauv internet, xws li Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC los yog Plantraco), powered los ntawm ib tug lithium-polymer cell. Nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej compatibility ntawm lub engine connector thiab cov receiver, los yog yuav tsum tau qhov yuav tsum tau rau soldering.
• Transmitter tshaj nrog peb los yog ntau tshaj raws.
• LiPo-mAh roj teeb peev xwm ntawm 70-140 thiab ib tug haum charger. Uas tag nrho cov qhov ceeb thawj tsis ntau tshaj 10 g, lub roj teeb yuav tsum tau mus txog 2.5, qhov ntau roj teeb muaj peev xwm yuav muab ntau dua davhlau ntev: ntawm 125 mAh yuav ua tau yooj yim tiav nws ntev mus rau 30 feeb.
• Cov nyob ntawm tej txuas lub roj teeb rau cov receiver.
• Peb me me propellers.
• Cov pa roj carbon pas nrig (1 hli) thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 30 cm.
• Deprona daim 10 x 10 cm.
• Cellophane daim kab xev, superglue thiab txiab rau nws.

Koj yuav tau mus yuav ib tug zais pa ua los ntawm latex, uas muaj cov Helium. Haum txheem los yog lwm yam load uas yog tsawg kawg yog 10 D. Rau tau raws li lub Desired qhov ceeb thawj yog ntxiv rau cov ballast, uas yog muab tshem tawm raws li cov Helium los.

Cheebtsam yog txuas mus rau tus ncej nrog nplaum kab xev. Lub pem hauv ntej lub cev muaj zog yog siv los mus tom ntej, thiab lub rear teem perpendicular. Peb lub cev muaj zog yog nyob ze ntawm lub chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab yog hais downward. Lub kiv cua yog txuas mus rau nws cov lus rov sab, yog li ntawd nws yuav thawb mus rau hauv lub airship. Cov Motors lwm yam yuav tsum tau glued nrog superglue.

Attaching tus Tsov tus tw stabilizer, yuav ho txhim kho lub rau pem hauv ntej lub zog, raws li lifting kiv txuas me me muab zog, thiab tus Tsov tus tw rotor yog heev haib. Nws yuav ua rau lawv deprona thiab muab nrog daim kab xev.

Forward zog yuav tsum tau compensated los ntawm ib tug me ntsis sawv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub airship yuav tsim kom muaj ib qho pheej yig lub koob yees duab, piv txwv li, siv nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb FOB.