Yuav ua li cas hu rau lub inhabitants ntawm lub zos? Uas nyob ntawm lub Kursk - kuryane los yog Kurchanov?

Nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab lwm lub teb chaws, ib tug ntau ntawm txawv txawv npe qhov chaw: Alaverdi, Yoshkar-Ola, Goose-siv lead ua thiab thiaj li nyob. Cov cuab lo lus nug yog li cas thiaj hu cov inhabitants ntawm cov koom? Piv txwv li, cov neeg nyob ntawm Kursk - nws Kurchanov los yog kuryane? Peb tsab xov xwm yuav pab nrog no qhov teeb meem.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub npe qhov chaw thiab etnohoronimy?

Ua ntej teb lub ntsiab lus nug txog ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas kom raug hu ua cov pej xeem hauv Kursk thiab lwm lub zos yuav tsum paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib co lus.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub toponym txhais tau tias tej thaj npe. Nws yuav ua tau lub npe ntawm zos thiab lub zos, ib co territories, landforms, dej ntws, seas, pas dej, txoj kev thiab thiaj li nyob.

Nrog npe qhov chaw yog ze ze, thiab lwm yam tswv yim - demonym (derived ntawm cov Greek lo lus "ethnos" - cov neeg). Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tus inhabitants ntawm ib tug cheeb tsam los yog tas. Thiab tsis yuav tsis meej pem nrog lub npe etnohoronimy haiv neeg, neeg los sis teb chaws. Qhov no yog lig txawv tswvyim.

Tam sim no koj muaj peev xwm mus rau lub tom ntej no lo lus nug: yuav ua li cas hu rau lub inhabitants ntawm lub Kursk, Arkhangelsk los yog lwm lub zos? Thiab nws tsis ua yuam kev?

Yuav ua li cas hu rau lub inhabitants ntawm lub Kursk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk?

Cov lus siv rau daim ntawv etnohoronimov yog:

• -ts-;
• -ch-;
• -an-, -yan-;
• -chan.

Lub npe ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv zos thiab lub zos muaj ib txwm sau ua ke, tsis hais tus thawj qhov chaw lub npe (piv txwv li: New York - Tshiab Yorkers).

Tej zaum tsis coincidentally Lavxias teb sab lus raws li ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj rau kawm. Ib txhia txawm hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub - nws yog tsim nyog xwb los xav tias. Yog hais tias peb xav txog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kev xaiv etnohoronimov, ces nws yog tsis yog li ntawd nyuaj rau cov ntseeg.

Yog li ntawd, muaj cov heev yooj yim xaiv. Piv txwv li: Moscow - Moscow, Kiev - Kiev, Paris - Parisians, etc. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw npe nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais. Tab sis etnohoronimy daim ntawv ntawm lub nroog cov npe xws li Alaverdi, Oslo los yog Karlovy Pauv? Ntawm no tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm lub philologist twb ua tsis tau.

-ts- suffix nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog siv los tsim etnohoronimov uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw npe xaus nrog -ino, -eno, -ovo, -evo. Piv txwv li: lub nroog ntawm Ivanovo - Ivanovo cov pej xeem Domodedovo - cov neeg nyob domodedovtsy etc. Tom qab -ch- koom archaic, nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub qub Lavxias teb sab lub zos (Moscow - Moscow, Tomsk - Tomich li al.).

Yog hais tias lub npe ntawm settlements xaus nyob rau hauv -rm, -tsk los yog -tsk, ces kev etnohoronimov feem ntau lus -Tus, Yang, -chan (eg, Irkutsk - Irkutsk pej xeem).

Tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua etnohoronimy yog tsim raws li txoj ntsiab cai no. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau lub npe ntawm lub zos nyob rau hauv Russia, uas yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav tau qhov tseeb thiab kom zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub npe ntawm nws cov pejxeem. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov pej xeem hauv lub Kursk kuj zwm rau daim ntawv no etnohoronimov Exception.

Yuav ua li cas tsis ua kom ib tug yuam kev nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no? Ua li no, muaj cov neeg pab - tshwj xeeb dictionaries, tso ua ke los ntawm competent linguists. Yog li ntawd, ib yam ntawm cov tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2003: "Lavxias teb sab cov npe ntawm cov inhabitants: Glossary".

Uas nyob ntawm lub Kursk: yuav ua li cas rau lawv li cas?

Kursk - ib tug ancient nroog, ib zaug ib feem ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1032 thiab hnub no yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj, thauj, kev cai thiab kev cai dab qhuas qhov chaw ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub nroog ntawm txog 430.000 cov neeg. Uas nyob ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kursk ua lub teb chaws yas thiab roj hmab cov khoom, hluav taws xob cov khoom thiab zaub mov. Muaj ntau ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tsev thiab universities.

Kursk cov neeg kom zoo thiab kom hu ua kuryane (tsis Kurchanov). Thiab kuryanin - ib tug neeg nyob ntawm cov txiv neej thiab kuryanka - poj niam.

Ib txhia txawv txawv etnohoronimy

Nyob rau hauv ib co lub zos ntawm lub ntiaj teb no rau cov poj niam, li ntawd, yuav hais lus, thiab tsis txais tos. Los ntawm cov npe qhov chaw tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua mus rau daim ntawv etnohoronimy hais txog poj niam! Cov "nroog-sexist" muaj xws li: New York (TEB CHAWS USA), Daugavpils (Latvia), Copenhagen (Denmark), Pereslavl (Russia).

Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev ib co txawv txawv etnohoronimov (Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws):

• Oslo: oslovets, oslovka;
• Cannes: kannets, kannka;
• Engels: engelsity, engelsitki;
• Yaya: yaychanin, yaychanka;
• Arkhangelsk: arhangelogorodets, arhangelogorodka;
• Omsk: ohmic, omichka;
• Rzhev: rzhevityanin, rzhevityanka;
• Torzhok: Novotorov, novotorka.

xaus

Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas hu rau lub inhabitants ntawm lub Kursk. Nws yuav tsum rov muab sau tseg tias cov kev cai rau cov tsim ntawm lo lus, etnohoronimov nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus tsis nyob ua ib ke. Rau txhua qhov kev xaiv (lub nroog), nws yog ntshaw kom siv ib tug tshwj xeeb phau ntawv txhais lus.