Poets ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog: lub npe, chaw ua hauj lwm

1810-1830-ies. suav hais tias yog Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, uas tau tiav loj artistic zoo nyob rau hauv cov romantic era. Qhov no lub sij hawm yuav xyuam xim hu ua pib ntawm muaj tswv yim kom loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws tej ntaub ntawv. Lub hauv paus daim duab ntawm lub poetic txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub 1 feem peb ntawm cov xyoo pua puv 19 yog Pushkin. Tus thawj peb caug xyoo thiab yog hu ua tus Pushkin era. Nyob ib ncig ntawm kws sau paj lug grouped ntau sau ntawv, hos muaj ib txhia tseem nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej tej hauj lwm ntawm suab thiab sau ntawv, thaum lwm tus neeg xyaum Aleksandru Sergeevichu thiab tsim lub thiaj li hu ua Pushkin lub vajvoog ntawm paj huam.

Lub generality ntawm cov txawj nyeem

Ib txhia formal koom haum paj huam tsis muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm. Poets ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog, ib daim ntawv uas muaj xws li cov npe xws li Vyazemsky Baratynsky, hais lus, Delvig twb yus thiab ib tug neeg, nrog rau nws tus kheej cim suab. Lawv yog cov, ib txoj kev los sis lwm, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm repelled los ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm Pushkin, tab sis tsis txhob noj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau nws ib tug subordinate txoj hauj lwm, tej zaum sib cav thiab tsis sib yeem nrog nws, thiab thaum lub sij hawm piv nws tus kheej nkag siab ntawm tej teeb meem thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov paj huam. Feem ntau nws yog peculiar lus thiab Baratynsky. Txhua kws sau paj lug, nce Aleksandru Sergeevichu, sim nyob rau tib lub sij hawm khaws lawv cov tswv yim kev ywj pheej los ntawm nws.

Yuav ua li cas, ces, yog ib lub zej zog ntawm paj huam? Txawm tias lawv txawv lyrical thiab nyeem tau, tib yam views on lub ntiaj teb no-cwj pwm thiab lub ntiaj teb no saib tau lub paj huam ntawm Pushkin lub voj voog. Lus nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau hais kom npaj cov menyuam kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chav kawm ntawv, yog li tsab xov xwm yuav pab rau cov niam txiv mus pab lawv cov me nyuam nrog homework. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov paj huam Pushkin galaxy ntseeg tias cov paj huam - kos duab rau ntawm kev sib raug zoo, nqa kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv tib neeg ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev tu siab cov neeg uas tig mus rau paj huam, thiab lawv nrhiav tau kev thaj yeeb. Sib raug zoo ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog yog li ntawd yog ib yam ntawm cov hom phiaj thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab paj huam - tus saib xyuas ntawm no tagnrho.

Denis Davydov

Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem gifted paj huam, lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub 1810-1830-ies., Muaj tus thawj poetic lub ntsej muag. Hussar Denis Davydov - predpushkinskogo tiam kws sau paj lug, yees ua ib tug daim npog qhov ncauj fearless lwj liam warrior thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug dashing gay revelers. Lavxias teb sab sib ntaus sib tua lyrics hais tias txawv pem hauv ntej, Davydov hais tias nws ua hauj lwm ib lo lus tshiab. Nws invented entangled, nquag tom nqe tiav feem ntau ntse aphorism. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tsim yaam tshab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog cov nram qab no: "Essay on lub neej Denisa Vasilevicha Davydova," sau nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ntawv prose, thiab ib tug wealth ntawm luab khoom memoirs.

Pushkin txais hais tias nws txawm kawm tau los ntawm Davydov, sim xyaum coj li Yexus "sib ntswg ntawm lub nqe." Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag Alexander tsis hnav qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, thiab tseem nyob rau nws tus kheej, tsis tau hais tias hais txog Denis Vasilievich, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej los ua sim cov duab ntawm ib tug dashing hussar thiab kws sau paj lug merged nrog nws.

Konstantin Batyushkov

Poets ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog, kwv huam uas tau sau nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Romanticism, yeej nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txheej txheem teem rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho Batiushkov hu ua ib tug ntawm cov pioneer ntawm lub Romantic zog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws muaj tswv yim legacy muaj kwv huam, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab prose cov khoom. Konstantin Batyushkov nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv feem ntau raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub "lub teeb nqe", uas tau koom thiab Davidov, thiab Bogdanovic, thiab Pushkin. Qhov no sib hnub rov qab mus rau tus sawv ntawm anacreontic style thaum nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub hu txoj kev kaj siab ntawm kev hlub, kev phooj ywg, puab txoj kev ywj pheej thiab lub neej nyob rau hauv feem ntau.

Peter Vyazemsky

Cov kws sau paj lug coj nws tus kheej ib tug kws sau paj lug ntawm peb lub sij hawm, tab sis, yog hais tias thaum ntxov cov hauj lwm, nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob, tom qab 1837 reinterpreted kev muaj tiag thiab pom qhov tsis zoo sab ntawm nws, tau ua tus cai coj yav tag los. Tus kheej destiny Vyazemskij qhuas raws li lub kev txom nyem ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas tsis xav tau thiab yog tsis muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawd twb yam ntxwv ntawm nws caug xyoo.

Ib yam li lwm paj huam ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog, nws pom nws poetic kev zoo sib thooj ntawm kab lis kev cai nrog rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Alexander. Ob tug ntawm cov kws sau paj lug heev nyob ze, thiab txawm Vyazemsky Pushkin nplooj siab ua hauj lwm. Lawv ob lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, thaum yau imbibed ib tug hlub ntawm yog vim li cas thiab enlightenment. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm Denis Vyazemskij gravitated tsoos poetic cov ntaub ntawv: lub melancholic elegies, txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub Ode, fables, cov lus piv txwv, didactics thiab satire.

Anton Delvig

Zoo li ib co lwm cov paj huam los ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog, lub kws sau paj lug Aleksandrom Sergeevichem ua phooj ywg nrog nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas. Lawv tau ntsib nyob rau hauv high school, thiab ua phooj ywg nrog Pushkin txhais ntxiv lub aesthetic thiab txawj txoj hauj lwm Delvig. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws nce cov duab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug li "ib tug hluas sloth", ris tsho hnav nyob rau hauv classic romance lwm yam. Anton Delvig stylized ancient Greek thiab Roman paj huam ntau thiab tsawg pab thiab nrhiav, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lyrics recreated zwj ceeb ancient ntiaj teb no, qhov twg kev zoo nkauj thiab sib raug zoo reign. Nws sketches ntawm lub kws sau paj lug ua nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm anthological kwv huam thiab idylls.

Nikolay Yazykov

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau paj lug los ntawm cov laus thiab cov ntsiab lus yog heev txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug, nws nkag mus hauv tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas nws tau tsim ib tug zoo ntawm yus lub qe. Nws tej hauj lwm pov rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm qab zib kev coj li hluas, infantilism. Poets ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog ntaus nqi Nikolaya Yazykova yuav ua li cas nyuam qhuav ib tug me nyuam uas tsis tau them taus pheej hmoo ua tricks thiab pranks. Tig mus rau tus yau phooj ywg, Pushkin qw hais tias: "Yuav ua li cas yog koj thiab yuav ua li cas koj puas shalish mil" Lus exult nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej possibilities thiab muaj peev xwm, yog li nyob rau hauv nws hais lus li ntawd, tej yam ntuj tso exclamatory suab, solemn lus, thiab nrov hu.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm peb tau tsis muaj npe tag nrho cov paj huam los ntawm Pushkin lub voj voog. Qhov no galaxy yog loj heev, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov neeg txog leej twg nws tau hais tias saum toj no, muaj xws li Zhukovsky Kuchelbecker, Krylov thiab lwm tus neeg. Poetic hmoo paj huam uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm raws li Aleksandrom Sergeevichem, hloov zuj zuj txawv. Ib txhia coj mus cov zajlus arena txawm ua ntej nws (piv txwv li, Denis Davydov) thiab creatively tsim nws tus kheej ntawm lub "hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam", thiab xwb ces koom nws voj voog. Tiam sis tag nrho cov paj huam los ntawm Pushkin lub vajvoog - predecessors thiab contemporaries - twb koom los ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws: lawv tsim lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug era uas tuav nyob rau hauv lub kos npe rau ntawm Pushkin.