Ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab "Txhais tau tias kev creation comic nyob rau hauv lub fairy tales ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin"

kev txiav txim cov teeb meem twb yeej ib txwm muaj nyob, thiab lawv tales nyob rau hauv lawv cov analyses thiab criticizes lub Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nws qhia tau hais tias txoj kev hlub rau hauv lub teb chaws, tsis muaj ab tsi mus rau dab tsi tshwm sim mus rau lub haiv neeg thiab nkawv teb chaws.

Saltykov-Shchedrin - exposer ntawm kev tsis sib xws

Saltykov-Shchedrin paub firsthand tag nrho cov evils ntawm serfdom. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug noble tsev neeg, los ntawm thaum yau nws tau yaim kev sib ntxub ntawm lub enslavement ntawm lub peasants. Saltykov Shchedrin nws tus kheej hais txog nws thaum yau, qhov chaw uas raug kev txom nyem, kev ntshai thiab kev tshaib kev nqhis ntawm lub peasants hu ua rau cov hluas txawj sau ntawv ntsuj plig mob.

Shchedrin los mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub Tsarskoye selo Lyceum. Tu siab, lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis yog lub txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas nws yog nyob rau hauv Pushkin: tsis muaj zog cov xib fwb. Raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm lub taub hau implanted lub tswv yim hais tias lawv ua hauj lwm - "kev kawm ua teeb designs". Cuaj kaum Lyceum xyoo ntawm fruitful feem nyob rau outlook ntawm tus kws, uas yog qhov chaw uas nws tau ntsib nrog Petrashevsky. Friendship nto moo utopian txawj sau ntawv thiab yuav muaj zog heev.

Twb tau nyob rau nws cov thawj hauj lwm ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin criticizes lub kev txiav txim thiab pej xeem txiav txim. No txawj sau ntawv Nicholas kuv hais txog Vyatka. Muaj Saltykov-Shchedrin txawm muaj zog denunciation ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev txiav txim.

Rau nws rov qab los ntawm exile Saltykov-Shchedrin ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Ministry, tau ntsib nrog Nekrasov thiab pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" thiab "Kawm". Seb koj nyob nraum sau ib lub lag luam los yog pej xeem kev pab, tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm kev ua tau zoo cim ib tug tshwj xeeb Michael Evgrafovich.

Fairy taleas - lub crown ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv ua hauj lwm

Fairy tales yog lub crown ntawm creation Saltykov-Shchedrin. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, ib tug tsis txaus siab rau qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog politically kubsiab. Nyob rau hauv 1881, cov neeg raug tua Alexander II. Tom qab qhov kev tshwm sim, luam ntaub ntawv hnyav ncawv censored. Raws li, nws yog tsim nyog los txua ib daim ntawv tshiab mus rau kos tus nyeem ntawv lub mloog mus rau cov thuam ntawm kev teeb meem. Qhov no sim hawm caij nyoog Saltykov-Shchedrin resort rau Aesopian ib hom ntawv nyeem - ib tug fairy taleas.

Muaj lwm yog vim li cas cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kws ntawv mus rau lub taleas: nws ntseeg, ib hom ntawv nyeem ze tshaj rau tus neeg, los ntawm nws koj muaj peev xwm qhia rau tej kev nyeem ntawv ntawm koj kev xav. Siv txoj kev tsim comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin tsis tshuav tsis muaj ab tsi tshaj qho ntawm lub neej.

"Dab neeg rau ib tug ncaj ncees lub hnub nyoog" - yog lub npe ntawm tus thawj sau los ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin, uas muaj xws li 28 tales. Vim li cas cov kws sau qhia txog raws li nws cov neeg tuaj saib? Cov me nyuam kawm nrog kev pab los ntawm fairy tales lub ntiaj teb no, raws li zoo, raws li cov Saltykov-Shchedrin, thiab cov laus yuav tsum qhib koj ob lub qhov muag rau kev muaj tiag.

Tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej zoo nkaus li raws li ib tug hais dabneeg - ib tug zoo-natured tellers, cov dab neeg los ntawm kev uas emerges ib sarcastic luag. Critics piav txog tus Saltykov-Shchedrin li "prosecutor Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag."

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, nyob rau hauv ib tug taleas tsa ob peb yam ntsiab lus. Lawv yuav tsum raug txo kom plaub: nphav raug unlimited hwj chim ntawm tus huab tais, tus txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv, siab, raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv kev txhawj xeeb nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg.

Artistic originality tales Saltykov-Shchedrin

Nyob rau hauv volume yog tsawg tshaj li ib fairy taleas zaj dabneeg. Tab sis nws qhia cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov neeg thiab lawv tus cwj pwm. Tiav los ntawm tag nrho cov tau txhais tau tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib phau ntawv dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv tales Saltykov- Shchedrina kos duab tej zaum yuav nco ntsoov hauv qab no nta:

1. Sib txuas lus nrog pej xeem tales:

• Qhia: "Nyob tab sis twb", "Nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam lub nceeg vaj."
• Numerals nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis yog-numeric tus nqi, "Far Far deb lub nceeg vaj."
• Hais tias: "Nyob rau hauv nthwv dej ntawm lub wand."
• Xav tsis thoob epithets: "Beasts ferocious."
• Xav tsis thoob npe "Ivan lub xib taw".

2. twb tsis siv cov kab ke ntawm fables. Feem ntau lawv yog hu ua fables nyob rau hauv prose, vim hais tias cov allegorical lus ntawm tso tawm kom pom tib neeg vices los ntawm cov dluab ntawm cov tsiaj ( "cov Wise Piscary").

3. Ib tug compound ntawm tiag tiag thiab zoo heev - tus thawj xib fwb qhov chaw los ntawm cov uas yog tiav nyob rau hauv lub comic-tales Saltykov Shchedrina.

4. tales yus aphoristic lus.

Lom zem thiab satire: txawv ntawm lub tswv yim

Ua ntej Ntsuam xyuas cov txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab tias tus neeg sau siv: kev lom zem los yog satire. Cov ob lub tswv yim txog kev mus rau comic nyhuv, tiam sis lawv muaj ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv: cov kev lom zem - nws yog ib tug zoo luag, tsis yog ib tug kev sib tw rau tus neeg. Nrog satire txhua yam yog sib txawv: nws yog siab phem, caustic grin. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws ua rau kev lom zem ntawm tib neeg los yog social vices. Qw thiab ncaj ncees txoj kev chim siab - ib tug satire satellites.

Nws yuav siv ib tug satirical tis Saltykov-Shchedrin nyob rau hauv fairy tales. Qhov no tis yog tau nyeem xav tias tag nrho yog zoo nyob rau hauv lub uas twb muaj lawm thiaj.

Raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv achieves comic

Xav txog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin. Tus kws sau ntawv siv ob peb hom kev kawm:

1. Lub hyperbola (exaggeration). Piv txwv li, Piscary nyob thiab trembling 100 xyoo nyob rau hauv nws cov qhov (fairy taleas "Wise Piscary").
2. Grotesque (Tiabsis cov kev muaj tiag thiab tseeb). Peb hais tau tias yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau grotesque tales Shchedrin. Tom qab tag nrho, nws cim yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib nrab-real, semi-fantasy ntiaj teb no ( "taleas txog yuav ua li cas ib tug txiv neej pub ob generals" - qhov tiag generals zoo heev txoj kev mus mus rau tus neeg sau rau ib tug suab puam kob).
3. Allegory (qhia los ntawm cov dluab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg kev evils). Piv txwv li, ib tug fairy taleas "selfless luav", uas rau txim rau slavish mloog lus, overpowering instinct ntawm nws tus kheej-preservation. Thiab nws yuav ua tau rau cov nom tswv cajceg.
4. Aesop lus. Txais tos, nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg sau txoj kev hais lus ironic, tag nrho ntawm omissions thiab allusions. (Generals, ib zaug nyob rau hauv cov kob, "quaj thawj lub sij hawm tom qab kaw npe").

Raws li koj tau saib, siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej rau tsim comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv no lub npe yuav tsum npog txhua txhua pluas noj.

Analysis cov cuab yeej comic fairy taleas "Tsiaj qus tswv tsev"

Cia peb kawm ib yam ntawm cov dab neeg los piav qhia txog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Tsiaj qus tswv tsev" - ib qho ntawm feem nrov tej hauj lwm ntawm tus kws uas sau no ib hom ntawv nyeem. Lub taleas qhia zaj dab neeg txog ib tug tswv av, leej twg tau sab laug yam tsis serfs. Nws xav hais tias, muaj poob lub "txiv neej", yuav kho zoo, tab sis nws tshwm sim rau lwm txoj kev nyob ib ncig ntawm. Tus tswv tsev yog li ntawd qus hais tias nws los ua li ib tug tsiaj.

Saltykov-Shchedrin nyob rau hauv cov taleas seb puas tsimnyog tau ib qho tseem ceeb point: tus tsis kawg hwj chim ntawm tus tswv tsev chav kawm ntawv, cov peasantry, lub stupidity thiab txhob ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tswv av. Tus sau theem nws lub tswv yim, siv cov cuab yeej: hyperbole, grotesque, synecdoche thiab antithesis.

Hyperbolic duab ntawm tus tswv av tom qab uas ploj lawm peasants: overgrown nrog cov plaub hau, rau tes, poob lub peev xwm los hais lus. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov grotesque, nws yog txaus muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub qub txeeg qub poob peasants. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Saltykov-Shchedrin yooj yim kis los ntawm cov tiag tiag rau lub zoo heev: ntawm no tus tswv tsev nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais - ib tug tiag tiag qhov teeb meem no, khiav qus, "tsis muaj txiv neej" - ib tug zoo heev, tus txiv neej nyob - lub neej dua ua tseeb.

Lub taleas ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg siv antithesis - tus txheem: ib tug tag nrho lub neej ntawm tus tswv av uas muaj ib tug txiv neej pom zoo rau lub neej tsis muaj ib tug txiv neej. Yuav kom muab lub phenomenon slavish peasantry scale cim, cov txawj sau ntawv tau resorted mus rau synecdoche, txais tos, uas feem yog faib los ntawm tag nrho: "cov neeg pluag" nyob rau hauv lub fairy taleas - nws yog tag nrho cov peasantry raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Sau phau ntawv lub ironic lus, nws laus cov yam ntxwv ntawm Aesop lus (tus tswv tsev yuav tsis hais articulate suab twb, "tab sis tsis tau tau nrhiav tus Tsov tus tw").

Peb tau pom tias ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin. Tus sau yuav tsis tiav yog koj tsis highlight lub artistic txhais tau tias: metaphors ( "fireball") thiab adjectives ( "golden lo lus", "crumbly lub cev").

Sau siv thiab lus dab neeg motives. Qhov no yog tiav nyob rau hauv lub comic tales Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv "Tsiaj qus tswv tsev" - yog tsis muaj exception. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg: suab ( "nyob rau hauv ib lub nceeg vaj"), sayings ( "nyob kaj siab lug puas tau tom qab"), dab neeg dluab ntawm cov tsiaj (Dais txawj xav, cowardly luav, ntse me ntsis nas), peb lub ntsiab repetition (peb lub sij hawm coj tus tswv tsev qhua thaum peasants tau zoo).

Tales Shchedrin - ib tug monument ntawm satire. Siv pej xeem poetic kev lig kev cai, cov txawj sau ntawv twb tau mus embody ib tug nplua nuj ideological cov ntsiab lus.