Homer: luv luv biography thiab nthuav tseeb

Homer, uas nws biography yog tam sim no txaus siab muaj ntau yam - thawj kws sau paj lug ntawm ancient Greece, uas nws tej hauj lwm tau dim. Niaj hnub no, nws yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov teb chaws Europe finest paj huam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Homer tsis muaj txhim khu kev qha ntaub ntawv muaj. Cuaj kaum, peb yuav ua tiag los yog tsawg kawg yog nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav, nws biography, raws li muaj lus qhia.

Yuav ua li cas puas Homer lub npe?

Lub npe "Homer" twb xub hais nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7. BC. e. Nws twb ces hu ua Kallin Efessky li tus creator ntawm "Thebaid". Tus nqi ntawm lub npe tau sim piav nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm antiquity. Peb muaj cov nram qab kev xaiv: "dig muag" (Ephorus), "Ua raws li" (Aristotle), "khoo" (Gesihy). Txawm li cas los, niaj hnub soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias lawv yog cov cia li raws li unconvincing li lub tswv yim ntawm tej zaum tus cwj pwm rau nws lub ntsiab lus ntawm "accompanist" los yog "slagatel". Muaj tseeb lo lus yog ib tug tiag tiag tus neeg lub npe nyob rau hauv nws cov Ionic daim ntawv.

Qhov twg kuv tuaj ntawm Homer?

Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yuav tsuas yuav reconstructed hypothetically. Qhov no siv tau txawm mus rau qhov chaw ntawm yug me nyuam ntawm Homer, uas yog tseem tsis paub hais tias. Xya lub zos tau tiv thaiv rau hauv txoj cai los ua nws cov birthplace: Chios, Smyrna, Salamis, Colophon, Argos, Rhodes, Athens. Nws yog yuav hais tias lub "Odyssey" thiab "Iliad" tau tsim rau cov teb chaws Asia Me ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, uas yog inhabited thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Ionian pab pawg neeg. Thiab tej zaum cov kwv huam tau muaj ib co ntawm cov surrounding Islands tuaj. Homeric lub suab hais lus, txawm li cas los, tsis tau muab tej ntaub ntawv hais txog leej uas pawg neeg koom nquab, uas nws biography tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej. Nws yog ib tug ua ke Aeolian Ionic dialects thiab Greek. Ib txhia soj ntsuam hais tias nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm tsim ntev ua ntej tus nquab tsev poetic koine.

seb Homer yog qhov muag tsis pom?

Homer - Greek kws sau paj lug, uas nws biography tau reconstructed ntau, xws li los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws yog feeb xwm dig muag. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau yuav, nws yog lub tswv yim ntawm nws yog lub reconstruction ntawm cov raug ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ancient biography, thiab tsis yog raws li nyob rau hauv real tseeb txog Homer. Txij li thaum muaj ntau legendary tus neeg hu nkauj thiab cov yaj saub twb dig muag (nyob rau hauv particular, Tiresias), raws li cov logic ntawm antiquity, txuas lub poetic thiab cov yaj saub khoom plig, lub assumption uas Homer yog qhov muag tsis pom, nws ciali plausible.

Homer xyoo ntawm lub neej

Antique chronographs kuj txawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub sij hawm thaum Homer nyob. Tus kws sau ntawv, uas nws biography peb muaj kev txhawj xeeb, yuav tsim lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo. Ib txhia ntseeg tias nws yog ib tug kawm ntawm lub Trojan ua tsov ua rog, uas yog, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 12th caug xyoo. BC. e. Txawm li cas los, Herodotus thov hais tias Homer nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nruab nrab ntawm lub 9 xyoo pua. BC. e. Zaum ntawm hnub no yog inclined rau hnub tim cov kev ua ub lub 8 los yog qib 7 xyoo pua BC. e. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li lub ntsiab qhov chaw nyob yog qhia Chios los yog lwm cheeb tsam ntawm Ionia, nyob rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog.

Homer creativity

Homer nyob rau hauv antiquity, tsuas yog rau "Lub Odyssey" thiab "Iliad", ntaus nqi authorship thiab ob peb lwm yam kwv huam. Yuav kom qhov no hnub fwm tawg tsam ntawm ob peb ntawm lawv. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los, nws yog ntseeg hais tias lawv tau sau los ntawm tus sau, uas nyob tom qab tshaj tus nquab. Qhov no yog ib phau ntawv dab neeg paj huam "Margaret", "Homeric Hymn" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Kom meej meej, qhov "Odyssey" thiab "Iliad" twb sau ntev tom qab cov txheej xwm piav nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los lawv creation yuav sau hnub tim tsis ntxov tshaj li 6 xyoo pua BC. e., thaum lawv lub neej twb nti kaw. Yog li, Homer lub neej yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau lub sij hawm los ntawm 12 mus rau 7 xyoo pua BC. e. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb hnub yog lub feem ntau yuav.

Lub duel ntawm Hesiod thiab Homer

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus muaj peev xwm koj qhia rau peb txog no kuj zoo kawg kws sau paj lug, Homer? Biography rau cov me nyuam feem ntau omits no point, txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug kev lig kev cai ntawm poetic duel nyob rau ntawm Hesiod thiab Homer. Nws twb piav nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, tsis pub dhau 3 nyob rau hauv lub tsim. BC. e. (Thiab ib co kev soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias npaum li cas lawm). Nws hu ua "Contest ntawm Homer thiab Hesiod." Nws qhia hais tias yog paj huam ntsib nyob rau ntawm cov kev ua si nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Amfidema ua rau txog. Euboea. Ntawm no lawv hais lawv zoo tshaj plaws kwv huam. Ib tug kws txiav txim plaub ntawm cov kev sib tw yog cov huab tais Paneda. Lub yeej tau muab rau Hesiod, vim hais tias nws hu ua kev kaj siab lug thiab ua liaj ua teb, tsis mus rau slaughter thiab kev tsov kev rog. Txawm li cas los, nws yog nyob rau sab ntawm Homer yog cov neeg tuaj saib pab koj tu siab.

Historicity "Odyssey" thiab "Iliad"

Nyob rau hauv science, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 lub tswvyim prevailed tias "Odyssey" thiab "Iliad" - unhistorical ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis kam muab lub excavations Genriha Shlimana, uas nws tau siv ntawm Mycenae thiab nyob rau hauv toj Hissarlik nyob rau hauv 1870-80-ies. Lub sensational foundations ntawm cov archaeologists muaj pov thawj hais tias Mycenae, Troy thiab cov Achaean citadel muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Contemporaries raug ntaus los ntawm German tus paub txog pom nws xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub 4 tsev pheebsuab qhov ntxa, nyob rau hauv Mykonos, ua Homer piav qhia. Tom qab ntawd, Iyiv thiab Hithai cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav tsum havzoov thaum uas tig mus rau cov txheej xwm ntawm lub Trojan ua tsov ua rog twb pom. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev ntawm cov kwv huam muab lub sij hawm deciphering lub Mycenaean syllabic sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los, cov hauj lwm ntawm Homer nrog cov muaj documentary thiab archaeological chaw yog hais txog nyob rau hauv ib tug txoj kev thiab yuav tsis yog li ntawd yuav siv tau uncritically. Qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub lig kev cai ntawm no hom ntawm loj distortion ntawm cov keeb kwm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tshwm sim.

Homer thiab txoj kev kawm ntawv system, imitation Homer

Cov Greek system ntawm kev kawm ntawv, uas yog tsim nyob rau los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub classical era, raug raws li nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb ntawm creativity Homer. Nws zaj paj huam cim tag nrho los yog nyob rau hauv ib feem, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus lawv yog xis nrog lub recitation, thiab hais txog. D. Tom qab ntawd, Rome borrowed no system. Ntawm no, los ntawm lub 1 xyoo pua BC. e. Homer twb hloov los ntawm Virgil. Loj gekzametricheskie kwv huam raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub Postclassic era nyob rau hauv lub lub suab hais lus ntawm ancient Greek sau, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug kev sib tw los yog nyob rau hauv ib yam li cov "Odyssey" thiab "Iliad". Raws li koj tau pom, muaj coob tus neeg xav nyob rau hauv creativity thiab cov biography ntawm Homer. Luv luv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tej hauj lwm los ua lub hauv paus rau tej hauj lwm uas muaj ntau yam sau phau ntawv uas nyob rau hauv ancient Rome. Cov lawv yog sau los ntawm Apollonius ntawm Rhodes 'Argonautica ", cov khoom ntawm Nonna Panopolitanskogo" Lub Adventures ntawm Dionysus "thiab Quintus ntawm Smyrna" Poslegomerovskie txheej xwm. " Kev paub txog qhov zoo ntawm cov nquab thiab lwm yam paj huam ntawm ancient Greece caiv los ntawm tsim ib tug loj epic daim ntawv. Lawv ntseeg hais tias cov flawless perfection yuav ua tau tiav xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug me me hauj lwm.

Homer cawv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txawv teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv Roman ntaub ntawv, cov thawj tseem muaj sia nyob tej hauj lwm (tab sis yog fragmentary) yog cov neeg txhais lus ntawm "Lub Odyssey". Kuv ua nws ib tug Greek Liviy Andronik. Nco ntsoov hais tias lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Ancient nroog Loos - lub "Aeneid" Virgil - nyob rau hauv cov thawj rau phau ntawv yog ib qho ib yam li cov "Odyssey", thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los rau - "Iliad." Nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm antiquity, koj yuav paub tus ntawm cov kwv huam uas tsim Homer.

Biography thiab ua hauj lwm xav nws, thiab Byzantines. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, Homer ua tib zoo kawm. Rau hnub tim, kaum ob ntawm Byzantine thaud ntawm nws cov kwv huam tau pom. Rau tej hauj lwm ntawm antiquity, nws yog unprecedented. Ntxiv mus, zaum tau tsim ib tug Byzantine commentaries thiab scholia rau tus nquab, tso ua ke thiab transcribed nws cov kwv huam. Xya tagnrho yuav siv sij hawm Saib Archbishop Eustache lawv. Greek phau tau txhais nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub Byzantine Empire, thiab ces tom qab lub sib tsoo tuaj rau sab hnub poob. Yog li ntawd nws twb rediscovered Homer Renaissance era.

Luv biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, uas tsim los ntawm peb, yoojyim teeb meem ntau cov lus nug. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv ua ke tshwm sim tawm lub Homeric Lus Nug. Yuav ua li cas los daws kom tau nws sib txawv soj ntsuam? Wb fim nws.

Homeric lo lus nug

Tseem yam Homeric Lus Nug. Cov teeb no txog tej teeb meem uas muaj feem rau cov authorship ntawm "Lub Odyssey" thiab "Iliad", raws li zoo raws li cov cwm pwm ntawm lawv creator. Muaj ntau pluralists, zaum ntseeg hais tias cov kwv huam yog tsis tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsim yaam tshab ntawm Homer, uas, raws li muaj ntau yam ntseeg, tsis ua ib ke. Lawv ntaus nqi qhov creation 6 xyoo pua BC. e. Cov zaum ntseeg tias cov kwv huam raug tsim, tej zaum nyob rau hauv Athens, thaum zaj nkauj ntawm ntau yam sau phau ntawv, tso cia los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam, tau sib sau ua ke thiab sau tseg rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Unitarians, on qhov tsis tooj, defended lub compositional kev sib sau ntawm tus nquab tsev tej hauj lwm, thiab chaw pib lub uniqueness ntawm lawv creator.

Homer

Epics ntawm lub ancient Greek sau - ntse heev, priceless tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Rau centuries, lawv tsis tau poob lub sib sib zog nqus lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseeb. Cov dab neeg thiab ib zaj paj huam thiab lwm coj los ntawm cov multi-ncau thiab nws kim heev kev voj voog ntawm legends soj ntsuam txog cov Trojan ua tsov ua rog. "Lub Odyssey" thiab "Iliad" sawv cev tsuas ib tug me me rov nyob rau hauv no series. Luv luv characterize cov khoom, sau ntawv rau peb zaj dab neeg txog no kuj zoo kawg txiv neej, zoo li tus nquab. Poet, luv luv biography uas tau los sib tham, tau tsim ib tug tiag tiag tshwj xeeb cov khoom.

"Iliad"

Nws hais txog cov txheej xwm ntawm lub 10 xyoo ntawm tus Trojan ua tsov ua rog. Cov paj huam xaus nrog kev tuag thiab kev faus ntawm lub ntsiab Trojan warrior Hector. Hais txog ntxiv uas ntawm tsov rog tsis qhia lub ancient Greek kws sau paj lug Homer, uas nws luv luv biography hais saum toj no.

War - lub ntsiab xov ntawm cov paj huam, lub ntsiab keeb ntawm nws cov cim. Ib tug feature ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog hais tias lub sib ntaus sib tua yog xwm feem ntau tsis raws li ntshav battles masses, thiab cov sib ntaus sib tua ib tug neeg cim uas muaj exceptional zog, ua siab loj, kev txawj thiab endurance. Ntawm cov fights yuav qhia tau qhov tseem ceeb duel ntawm Achilles thiab Hector. Martial Diomedes Agamemnon thiab piav Menelaüs tsawg heroic thiab expressiveness. Heev kaj nyob rau hauv lub "Iliad" xwm lub cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev cai thiab kev coj tsis ncaj yam ntawm lub neej, kev ua tau yog thiab lub neej ntawm cov ancient Greeks.

"Lub Odyssey"

Peb hais tau tias cov khoom nws yog ntau dua cov "Iliad." Nyob rau hauv nws peb nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov nta, uas hnub no yog soj ntsuam los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv no epic zaj paj huam mas hais lus rov mus Ithaca tom qab lub Trojan ua tsov ua rog, Odysseus yog ua kom tiav.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, tej hauj lwm ntawm Homer - ib tug cov khoom muaj nqis trove ntawm txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm ancient Greece neeg. Yuav ua li cas lwm cov lus tseeb tej zaum yuav txaus siab rau xws li ib tug txiv neej raws li tus nquab? Luv biography rau cov me nyuam thiab cov laus feem ntau muaj cov lus qhia hais tias nws yog ib lub qhov ncauj storyteller, uas yog tsis muaj los ntawm ib tsab ntawv. Txawm li cas los, dua li no, nws cov kwv huam yog siab muaj kev txawj thiab poetic cov txheej txheem, lawv nrhiav tau kev sib sau. "Lub Odyssey" thiab "Iliad" muaj cov yam ntxwv nta, ib tug ntawm cov uas yog ib qho epic style. Laus laus ntawm lub narrative, unhurried thoroughness, objectivity tiav duab, qeeb zajlus txoj kev loj hlob - cov no yog cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm tej hauj lwm uas tsim Homer. Luv biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, kev cia siab sparked koj txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm.