Poet Nikolai Mayorov: biography, creativity

Lawv tau koom mus rau ib tug cim ntawm lub forties thiab mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li lub pib paj huam, nws ua tej txuj ci puas ruthless tsov rog: Michael Kulchytsky, Pavel Kogan, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Boris Bogatkov ... Tsis txhob nyob ib tug ob peb lub hlis mus rau 23 xyoo thiab Nikolay Petrovich Mayorov, tus sau ntawm tus naas ej paj huam rau sawv cev ntawm lub ib tug tag nrho tiam - "Peb".

pib biography

Lawv poj koob yawm txwv - cov neeg uas yug ntawm lub lem ntawm ob epochs: lub tsarist tsoom fwv thiab ua rau nws rau lub hearth ntawm yav dhau los thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog, kiv puag ncig thiab Civil War. Lawv ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo dua yav tom ntej thiab txoj kev ntseeg tso cov me nyuam. Nikolai Mayorov, uas nws biography yog inseparable los ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws, tau yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1919. Nws birthplace - ib tug me me lub zos Durovka Simbirsk. Muaj tsev neeg twb kis mus rau nws txoj kev mus rau lub Vladimir xeev, lub birthplace ntawm nws txiv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum nrog nws niam thiab txiv thiab tus tijlaug, nws tsiv mus rau Ivanovo, qhov twg Peter Maksimovic ua ib lub tsev rau lub 1 Aviation txoj kev.

Thaum kawm nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tus naj npawb 33, Nikolai kawm txawj vajvoog thiab twb paub li qhov zoo tshaj plaws kws sau paj lug ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws handwritten phau ntawv sau fwm kev Nikolaya Sheberstova nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ua ib tug naas ej artist. Uas nws cov phooj ywg tom qab rau hais sau kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thiab rov qab biography page, vim hais tias lawv ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws undeniable txuj ci.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv lyrics

Raws li nws cov phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo Nikolai Mayorov txaj muag thaum nws raug xa mus rau paj huam. Cov neeg, rau lwm cov tes, joked txog nws thiab tag nrho cov neeg loj leeb tuaj mus rau lub tsev muag ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws xav nyob rau hauv lub muag khoom, seb ib phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm tus naas ej poet Nikolai Mayorov tuaj. Yuav kom to taub nws lub hom phiaj, cov hluas xa thawj poetic kev nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom publishing. "Tseeb" muab nws ib tug cem, saib cov ntaub ntawv uas xa ncauj lus kom ntxaws yam. Niaj hnub no xws ntsuam tsis muaj leej twg li, thiab ces nws yog ib tug yuav tsum.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb, nws twb liam ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm cov lo lus thiab zoo-hnav epithets. Kuv xav tias tus editor paub hais tias raws li tsug kaum peb tug tub hluas, tsis ib tug neeg laus? Nyob rau hauv 1960, tus muam Mihaila Kulchitskogo thawj peb handwritten phau ntawv sau Mayorov yuav unveiled, qhov twg cov txawj nyeem ntawv zoo nkaus li lub tsev kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Qhov no sau los ntawm "potholes", uas ruam tu siab yav tom ntej rau nws tus kheej, mini-kwv huam thiab dab neeg, twb tham tsis tau txog lub ntau yam ntawm lwm yam, thiab cov lyrics txuam nrog rau cov thawj kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tug hluas nkauj los ntawm lub "Moscow txoj kev."

tsim

Peb cov phau ntawv belongs rau lub Moscow lub sij hawm, thaum Nikolai Mayorov los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub Moscow State University. Nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv 1937 rau cov kws qhia ntawm History, thiab lwm yam zoo-paub kawm nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas voj voog Boris Slutsky Mikhail Lukonin, David Samoilov, uas tsim nyob rau hauv thawj lub txawj voj voog. Sau excitedly me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm keeb kwm kws qhia ntawv sai pom tau hais tias nws thiab ntau caw los nyeem kwv huam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv cov neeg tuaj saib hlub nws tam sim ntawd thiab unconditionally.

Cov kev vam meej tshwm sim tus sau, thiab nyob rau hauv 1939 nws los ua ib tug uas tig mus kev tshawb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Literature, mus kawm paj huam Rhiav Pavla Antokolskogo, tus naas ej Soviet kws sau paj lug. Leej twg kawm nrog nws nws kawm Michael Kulchytsky tawm puas, uas yuav hu rau txhua tus "pob", tus benchmark rau tag nrho cov uas xav mus cuag. Nws thawj paj huam sau Hoobkas ntawv xov xwm ntawm Moscow State University, thiab tseem nyob rau lub tsuas ntawv luam tawm ua hauj lwm Mayorov nyob rau hauv lub neej.

Lub Finnish tsov rog

Cov laus tus kwv tij Nikolai Mayorov Aleksey tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv chaw ua dav hlua. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1938, nws nws tus kheej los ua ib tug tim khawv rau tus tuag ntawm lub pilots nyob rau outskirts ntawm Ivanov. Lawv faus nrog tus honors ntawm muab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ib tug lub ntxa tombstone ntsia hlau poob lawm aircraft. Nicholas hu ua nws "nco lawv coj lub siab hauv av," sau zoo kwv huam, uas nrog rau lub fervor yog neeg Amelikas thiab poetizirovaniem tsov rog nyob hauv ib daim ntawv ntawm thaum ntxov tuag ntawm ib tug tub rog.

Nws tus phooj ywg ntawm Ivanovo, Vladimir Zhukov tau txais nyob rau hauv lub Karelian Isthmus, ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Finnish ua tsov ua rog. Ntiaj teb twb pib thiab tau qhia nws yeej muaj tseeb lub ntsiab lus, nqa txoj kev tuag thiab kev txom nyem. Zhukov twb tiag raug mob, tom qab lub tsev kho mob thiab cov phooj ywg tau ntev speculated txog dab tsi nws yog zoo li mus ua tswj hluav taws kub ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, xav tias ntshai nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los thiab ciaj sia lub qhov txhab, zwm neeg xiam. Txawm ces, Nikolai Mayorov, uas nws cov kwv huam rau tus anticipation ntawm ib tug tuag thaum ntxov pom lub teeb, pom tau hais tias nws yuav tsis tau zam rau yav tom ntej, tshuab-phom tuam txhab.

hlub

Muse ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog nws classmate Irina Ptashnikov uas nws mob siab rau archeology yog tsis tau tso cai rau koj mus cuag lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv kev hlub. Tom qab thawj xyoo, lawv ua npau suav kom tau sib yuav, tab sis Irina mus rau archaeological ntoj ke mus kawm nyob rau hauv Khorezm. Creative xwm to taub nws yog ib qho nyuaj, thiab Nikolai Mayorov sau kov ub kov no cov kwv huam, "Koj", uas kuj muab Irina rau lub thib ob qhov chaw tom qab cov paj huam. Irina yuav tsis zam txim rau boyish lover, thiab lawv pib mus deb sib nrug.

Lwm tus menyuam kawm to taub hais tias ob tug muaj zog personalities, los mus tiv thaiv lawv kev ywj pheej, tsim kev sib raug zoo tsis yooj yim. Tab sis lawv nyob twj ywm phooj ywg txog lub kawg, thiab los ntawm pem hauv ntej, Nikolai yuav sau nws ib tsab ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm nws nco poj niam nyeem los ntawm lub plawv muaj ib tug yawm xov tooj ntawm nws cov kwv huam, ntau yam uas tau mob siab rau mus rau nws.

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog

Los ntawm cov thawj hnub ntawm tsov rog, cov expectation yog muaj nrog thaum pib ntawm lub forties, Moscow menyuam kawm ntawv raug xa mus rau khawb anti-tank kwj ntawm Yelnya. Tag nrho cov kev sau ntawv vajvoog nyhav rau pem hauv ntej, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, Nikolai Mayorov, uas nws biography yog nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tsum yog ib tug me ntsis txawv los ntawm lub biography ntawm cov phooj ywg, mus rau Ivanovo rau lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog enlistment chaw ua hauj lwm. Tom qab dhau los ntawm lub formalities li thaum ntxov raws li lub kaum hli ntuj, nws yuav tsum tau nais tau sau tseg rau hauv lub Red Army.

Taw los pab nom tswv tub ceev xwm, nws yuav yog ib feem ntawm lub tshuab-phom tuam txhab xov tooj 331 tus tub rog Division, koom nyob rau hauv lub battles ntawm Smolensk av.

Cov kev tuag ntawm cov kws sau paj lug

Hais txog Rzhev-Vyazma lag luam nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1942 rau ib ntev lub sij hawm sim tsis hais. Offensive tactics ntawm lub Red Army tsis ua rau kev vam meej, thiab poob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm txhiab ntawm cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm nicknamed lub chaw Rzhev "hav ntawm txoj kev tuag". Cov plaub caug-degree te rau lub hlis infantry tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, uas tau txais kev pab Nikolay Petrovich Mayorov, nyob Barantsevo zos nyob rau hauv lub Smolensk cheeb tsam. Ntawm no, 8 Lub ob hlis ntuj poob pab nom tswv tus xibfwb qhia, nws lub ntxa rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis nrhiav.

Irina Ptashnikov unsuccessfully tab tom nrhiav rau qhov seem ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, tus tuag lawm, raws li nws muab tawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug loj lub ntxa nrog xya comrades. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg koom ntawm fights nyob rau hauv lub hais tsis zoo ledge Karmanovskaya reburied nyob rau hauv Karmanovo, qhov uas lawv tsim tau ib tug commemorative memorial.

cuab yeej cuab tam

Nikolai Mayorov - ib qho ntawm lub paj huam uas nws cov kwv huam twb tsis paub tias mus rau lub pej xeem nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, tab sis nws los ua lub ncauj npog ncig ntawm ib tiam. Nws tus phooj ywg Vladimir Zhukov ntawm nws cov kwv huam luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawv xov xwm, thiab nyob rau hauv 1962 luam tawm ib phau ntawv hu ua "Peb", me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis khaws tseg puas ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab npoj yaig. Nikolai Mayorov, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog tsis qoos taub kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, muab lub hnab uas thaud tso nrog ib tug ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Tu siab, lawv tsis tau pom kom txog rau thaum tam sim no. Twb tau nyob rau 2013, thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub archive (RGALI), tab sis nws tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem sau los ntawm tus sau. Nws zaj paj huam "sculptor" thiab "tsev neeg" yog fwm xwb nyob rau hauv thooj.

Nikolai Mayorov kwv huam hais txog tus tsov rog, los yog es, ntawm nws anticipation sawv cev ntawm "peb-tiam" yog nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, nrog rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Konstantin Simonov thiab Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Anny Ahmatovoy thiab Olgi Berggolts. Posthumously, nws los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Writers 'Union, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog ib qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev muaj npe tom qab nws nyob rau hauv Ivanovo, thiab cov 70th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm yeej Karmanovskaia tsev kawm ntawv kuj yeej txoj cai los ua tim lub npe ntawm ib tug zoo heev kws sau paj lug. Nikolai Mayorov, raws li hais P. Antokolsky mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv tib neeg nco yuav nyob twj ywm hluas, raws li nws cov kab:

"Peb twb siab, xim av cov plaub hau.
Koj nyeem nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, raws li ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg,
Hais txog cov neeg uas tau ploj mus tsis muaj dolyubiv,
Tsis tas nws tus luam yeeb kawg. "