Yuav ua li cas yog pej xeem zej zog: cov yam ntxwv thiab keeb kwm

Yuav ua li cas yog pej xeem zej zog? Heev feem ntau peb yuav ntsib nrog cov tswvyim no, plunging mus rau hauv cov pej xeem thiab nom tswv sib cav tswv yim, thiaj li nrov nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Tom qab tag nrho, koj pom, cov lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj ib tug pej xeem haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Russia, ntau heev tau hnov hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus tib politicians thiab pej xeem nuj nqis. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb tag nrho intuitively to taub nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav li cas rau cov pej xeem zej zog. Txawm li cas los, tsis yeej ib txwm nkag siab cov intricacies ntawm no sociological qeb. Wb sim sau cov kis thiab lov nws cia nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

keeb kwm keeb kwm

Cov tswvyim no originated nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tsim lub ntu ntawm capitalist kev sib raug zoo. Ua tau, yog dab tsi lub civil zej zog, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm capitalist kev loj hlob thiab kev sib raug zoo transformation ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm? Tseem ceeb milestones nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob tau ua bourgeois revolutions nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub British thiab Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1640-th 1789. Thawj nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm civil liberties nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, limiting muaj koob muaj npe autocracy, thiab qhib lub teb chaws mus rau txoj kev ntawm capitalist kev loj hlob. Qhov thib ob thiab tag nrho cov cim lub triumph ntawm cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv universal koob pheej ntawm lawv, thaum lub tsawg cov chav kawm ntawv tau ua rau tsoom fwm consolidation ntawm nws cov cawv nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm lub xeev, tab sis yog nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws muag ib tug ob peb. Hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias capitalist kev sib raug zoo tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau cov emergence ntawm civil zej zog, peb txhais hais tias lawv tau pab mus rau kev sib raug zoo transformation, rhuav tseg feudal kev sib raug zoo thiab tsim tshiab pawg ntawm cov pejxeem: lub bourgeoisie thiab cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, uas tsis ntev pom tau hais lawv cov kev txaus siab thiab hnyav nyob hauv zej zog (uas yuav tsis ua kom qhov tawg peasants feudal lub sij hawm, uas nws lub ntiaj teb no, thiab loj, tsis mus tshaj nws cov haiv neeg zos), pib kom ntau thiab ntau cov cai thiab kev ywj siab. Cov kev cai no tau qhia feem ntau rau cov uas twb muaj lawm nom tswv system, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub xeev nws tus kheej. Nws yog qhov no - yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hais tias peb tam sim no instinctively paub qhov txawv civil zej zog thiab lub xeev. Lub philosophy ntawm lub tswv yim no tau yeej tsim los ntawm tseem ceeb thinkers ntawm niaj hnub thiab kawm. Cov lawv yog muab sau phau ntawv ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "kev daim ntawv cog lus" Dzhona Lokka thiab Thomas Hobbes, lub Fabkis Enlightenment, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, thiab Charles Montesquieu, German founders ntawm dialectical materialism Karla Marksa thiab Fridriha Engelsa.

Yuav ua li cas pej xeem haiv neeg yog hnub no thiab li cas nws cov tsos mob yuav xa tuaj nrog?

Thiab nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov nram qab no nta:

• txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ywj pheej cov me nyuam yaus;
• ua tau hauj lwm tiv thaiv ntawm cov pej xeem;
• free kev ua si hauv kev cai lij choj lub moj khaum uas muaj cov haiv neeg ntawm cov tswv;
• ib tug txaus siab txog qib uas pej xeem thiab nom tswv kab lis kev cai;
• sufficiently theem siab ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov pejxeem;
• self-applicability;
• ib tug tov kev khwv nyiaj txiag ;
• ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub zej zog;
• siab mloog mus rau cov kev cai ntawm lub xeev;
• pluralism tswvyim nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg;
• free kev sib tw.