Yog vim li cas Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av? Keeb kwm ntawm Russia

Lub keeb kwm ntawm peb motherland yog li ntawd tsaug rooted nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, muaj ntau yam ntawm peb cov contemporaries tsis txawm xav txog cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog vim li cas Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av.

Tom pab ntau yam, ib co kev uas peb yuav kawm txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Raws li thiab thaum muaj ib Moscow?

Kievan Rus lub xeev, tsim lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Rurik, nws tus tub thiab cov xeeb ntxwv, Vladimir, twb nyob rau lub pawg neeg thaj av ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine, Belarus thiab yav qab teb ib feem ntawm Russia. Nws center yog lub nroog ntawm Kiev.

Nws sab qaum teb ntug ntawm sab hnub tuaj Slavs yog ib thaj av-Vyatichi thiab Finno-Finns - yav tom ntej tebchaws kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ntawm no reigned impenetrable forests thiab swamps, thiab txog tej capital tawm ntawm cov nqe lus nug.

Thiab tsis nws yog no uas pib lub unification ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av, lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia qhia no fact.

Raws li feem ntau version, nws nrhiav tau lub Moscow tub huabtais Yuri, nicknamed Dolgoruky, uas yog nto moo muaj peev xwm diplomat thiab cov tub rog coj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th.

Los ntawm txoj kev, rau tus tub huabtais George ib lo lus nug hais txog yog vim li cas Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av, kuv tsis bet, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm uas ua nws tus kheej muaj feudal fragmentation, thaum txhua tus tub vaj ntxwv yog rau nws tus kheej.

Qhov no fragmentation thiab ua nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai kev puas tsuaj rau cov tub ntxhais lub xeev - invasion ntawm hordes ntawm Batu Khan, uas wiped tawm ntau ntawm cov glorious Lavxias teb sab nroog, xws li cov laus Ryazan, los ntawm uas mus txog rau lub zos me me ntawm Moscow yog nyob rau hauv lub doorstep.

Yog vim li cas tus sawv ntawm Moscow thaum lub sij hawm Mongol-Tatar quab

TOM tau coj ntau qeeg rau Russia: nws yog ib tug tribute rau cov khoom, cov khoom, kub thiab cov neeg uas raug yuam kom them txhua nqi zog; qhov raids los ntawm cov Horde; kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov vaj tse.

Me Moscow muaj hmoo: nws yog nyob rau hauv lub impenetrable forests (lo lus "Moscow" yog txhais los ntawm Finno-Ugric lus raws li "marshy chaw"), uas yog cov thiaj li yuav ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau lwm cov tes, kav nyob rau hauv Moscow neeg uas nws diplomatic kev txawj ntse tso cai mus sib hais nrog lub menacing horde khans.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg no los ua huabtais Ivan, nicknamed Kalita. Nws muaj peev xwm mus sib nrog lub Horde thiab kom tau rau nws tus kheej thiab nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv daim ntawv lo rau poj reign (uas tau muab rau nws cov muaj ib lub caij nyoog los kav tag nrho cov lwm yam princes ntawm Russia sawv cev ntawm Khan).

Lub zog nriaj yeej Kalita tshaj lwm Lavxias teb sab tub vaj ntxwv, kuj tsim nyog rau qhov no daim ntawv lo, Mikhail ntawm Tver. Denounced los ntawm tub huabtais Michael thiab nws tus tub Alexander thiab tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Theodore tau yuav thiab brutally tua.

Txawm li cas los, tsis tau tsuas yog cov cunning thiab txawj ntse pab rau cov thawj hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub zwm txwv, ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm yog ua si los ntawm lawv cov tub rog txoj hauj lwm zoo.

Kulikov sib ntaus sib tua Dmitri Donskoy

Yog vim li cas Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av? Lo lus nug no yog yooj yim teb los ntawm xa mus rau cov txheej xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm nyob rau hauv 1380. Ces tus hluas tub huabtais ntawm Moscow Dmitry Russia hais tias cov neeg nyob mus tua cov Horde invaders. Lub sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw nyob rau Kulikovo teb thiab twb nrog cov ua tiav yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog.

Txawm li cas los, ob lub xyoos tom qab, nyob rau peb teb koj chaw rov qab rog tau lub Horde rog coj los ntawm Khan Tokhtamysh, tab sis lub yeej ntawm Kulikovo thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Moscow - qhov cov kev mus ntawm ib cov saw. Nws hloov tawm hais tias tsis muaj tus Dmitry Donskoy nws lub nroog yuav tsis tau ua lub capital ntawm Russia.

Yog vim li cas Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av: qhov kev txiav txim ntawm historians

Lavxias teb sab historians pom zoo hais tias Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm Russia, feem ntau yuav, tsis vim hais tias ntawm nws cov thaj chaw los yog lwm yam, thiab vim lub fact tias txog 200 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub nroog raug kav los ntawm princes uas twb muaj koob politicians, diplomats thiab cov tub rog cov nuj nqis.

Nws yog ua tsaug rau tus ua hauj lwm ntawm cov princes twb united Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av.

Tom qab lub yeej ntawm Kulikovo Muscovy loj hlob sai heev, absorbing cov nyob sib ze av. Twb tus yawg Ivana Groznogo, None Ivan twb tau mus kov yeej cov kuj ntawm lub sab qaum teb Lavxias teb sab teb chaws - Pskov thiab Novgorod, thiab ces muab ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lawv cov cheeb tsam.

Nws yog tub huabtais Ivan twb tau mus thaum kawg rhuav tshem ntawm cov Tartar yoke, uas ntxiv ntxiv dag zog rau lub credibility ntawm Moscow. Yog li ntawd, tus tub huabtais lub contemporaries yog tsis muaj lo lus nug yog vim li cas Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm Russia. Nws yuav tsum tau txais.