Muscovy thiab nws cov thawj princes

Nyob rau hauv 1147, rau thawj lub sij hawm hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Moscow. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog tus qub txeeg qub tes ntawm tub huabtais Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th, Moscow yog ib tug me me lub zos-fortress. Muaj yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub ciam teb principalities 4: Smolensk, Ryazan, Vladimir thiab Suzdal thiab Chernigov. Nws muaj nws cov drawbacks. Qhov chaw ntawm cov kev tshuam ntawm 4 principalities ua nws "thoroughfare" thaum lub sij hawm rau cov tub rog campaigns ntawm lub princes. Yog li ntawd, ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm yog muab rau strengthening lub nroog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1156 rau tam sim no capital ntawm Russia tau ntxiv dag zog nrog tshiab ntoo phab ntsa. Los ntawm nruab nrab-xyoo pua 12th, hauv lub nroog los ua tus loj tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los, nyob ib thaj chaw tsis ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm hnub no lub Kremlin. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub Moscow nqi zog yog tsis ywj siab. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub Vladimir-Suzdal av.

Muscovites coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub internecine kev tsov kev rog. Nyob rau hauv 1170 lawv txaus siab rau cov kwv tij A. Bogolyubsky tiv thaiv Jaropolk txiav txim mus txeeb lawv lub teb chaws. Thaum nws kawm tau hais tias tsov rog twb tau mus kawm los ntawm Moscow, Yaroslav twb yuam kom tig rov qab. Rau qhov no, lub nram qab no xyoo, lub nroog twb hlawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1238, Moscow twb puas lawm los ntawm lub horde. Txawm li cas los, dua li no, nws tseem yuav txaus siab rau lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntug.

Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv 1250 yog lub Alexander Nevsky, uas bequeathed mus rau nws tus tub Daniel nqi zog. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tus tub yog nyob rau hauv lub tutelage ntawm nws tus txiv ntxawm. 10 xyoo tom qab ntawd, Daniel ua tus tub huabtais ntawm Moscow thiab li nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm lub Moscow princes ntawm txoj kab.

Ib thaj tsam ntawm kev kawm ntawv me me. Raws li ib feem muaj tsuas yog ob tug loj lub zos Zvenigorod thiab Moscow. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj 3 Estates: Radonezh, Ruza thiab Przemysl.

Txawm tias nws loj me me, lub nqi zog ntawm Moscow twb nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, yuav mas xws zos loj xws li Tver. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nws pib nquag pub ntxiv tshaj lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.

Cov khiav dim ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Murom, Rostov, Vladimir vim lub raids ntawm lub Tatars ua Muscovy ib qho ntawm feem populated. Qhov no tso cai rau lub xeev kom sawv.

Qhov qhib ntawm lub lag luam tawm kev txuas Lithuania thiab Poland nrog Polotsk, Smolensk, East tso cai rau peb kom peb Muscovy economic kev loj hlob.

Ze ntawm lub Lithuanian Tatars kuj ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntxiv dag zog rau tus ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub 14th caug xyoo.

Tus thawj thawj ntawm Moscow

Lub txwv zeej txwv koob cov thawj ntawm cov kab yog suav tias yog Daniil Aleksandrovich. Nyob rau hauv 1263, nws tau txais los ntawm nws tus txiv, Aleksandra Nevskogo, ib tug me me qub txeeg qub teg, uas tom qab ib tug thaum pib los nqa cov npe ntawm "Muscovy". Thaum Daniil twb kho Kremlin, nrhiav St. Danilov Monastery, ua lub tsev teev ntuj. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kav, cov peev ntawm niaj hnub Russia muaj yig txhab rau ciam teb rau lwm thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj hauj lwm.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Daniel Alexandrovich av kis mus rau nws eldest tus tub - Yuri Danilovich, uas tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm Tver yeej txoj cai mus rau lub nqi zog ntawm Vladimir. Thaum Yuri Moscow nthuav nws cov ciam teb rau lwm: nyob rau hauv 1303 thiab twb annexed Kolomna Mozhaisk.

Tom qab lub tua neeg ntawm Yuri Danilovich Duchy ntawm Moscow kis mus rau nws tus tij laug - Ivan Kalita. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign tau txuas Yaropolch, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Bogolyubovo, Pereslavl-Zaleski. Nrog nws reign, thiab cov thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption, ntoo qhib Kremlin tau ua.

Kalita yog tus successor Simeon lub siab. Nws subordinated petty princes coj imperiously, expanding Moscow lub teb chaws ciam teb rau lwm. Tsaug rau lub acquaintance thiab phooj ywg nrog cov Khan ntawm lub Golden Horde, Xime-oos muab ib thaj yeeb lub neej nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej lub xeev.

Tag nrho cov princes ntawm Moscow ua tseem ceeb kauj ruam lug txhim khu cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog thiab nthuav nws ciam teb rau lwm. Tab sis tej zaum cov feem ntau tseem ceeb pab rau lub keeb kwm ua Daniil Aleksandrovich, uas pib rau xa mus rau lub teb chaws, tshiab chaw uas zoo heev.