Qauv thiab cais ntawm tib neeg nqaij

Nqaij - nws yog ib tug active caij ntawm lub licas.

Ib suam ntawm nqaij yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv txawv thaj chaw: qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, tus duab, cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov fibers, lub zog muaj feem xyuam rau cov pob qij txha, thiab lwm yam

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm nqaij

Classification thiab tib neeg vertebrate nqaij los qhia rau hauv xub ntiag ntawm peb sib txawv hom: striated skeletal leeg, striated mob nqaij (myocardium) thiab tus nqaij ntawm uas cov phab ntsa hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab hollow kabmob.

Sij hawm ntawm striated nqaij yog coj cov pob txha txav, kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov ncauj, hauv siab, plab mog. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub txhawb qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov muag hloov khoom nruab nrog, kev cuam tshuam rau cov hnov ossicles. Ua hauj lwm skeletal leeg muaj tuav nyob rau hauv lub cev equilibrium yuav tsiv mus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, tw ntawm ua pa thiab nqos taw, muaj cov ntsej muag ua.

Skeletal leeg: Qauv

Yuav luag 40% ntawm cov laus lub cev hnyav yog cia li nqaij. Skeletal leeg nyob rau hauv lub cev 400.

Unit ntawm skeletal leeg - yog ib tug motoneuron thiab cov nqaij fibers innervated los ntawm no neuromotor unit. Siv pulses xa motoneuron tuaj mus rau hauv kev txiav txim nqaij fibers.

Skeletal leeg hais ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqaij fibers. Lawv muaj ib elongated lub cev. Ib suam ntawm tib neeg nqaij qhia tias lawv txoj kab uas hla yog 10-100 microns, thiab qhov ntev yog hom twg los ntawm 2-3 mus 10-12 cm.

Nqaij cell puag ncig lub nyias nyias nyias - sarcolemma muaj sarcoplasm (protoplasm) thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nuclei. Contractile ib feem ntawm cov nqaij fiber sawv cev ntev nqaij strands - myofibrils, uas muaj xws li mas ntawm ib yam khoom uas hu ua actin.

Myosin yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug dispersed lub xeev. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov protein, uas plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov tonic contraction. Txawm tus kwv tij ywm ntawm lub skeletal leeg tsis txhais hais tias nws ua tiav so. Thaum lub sij hawm no muab khaws cia tseg ib tug loj tsawv voltage, ie, nqaij laus.

Pab nqaij

Qauv thiab cais ntawm skeletal leeg ua rau lawv functionality. Yog li, lawv tsuas muaj ua tau tej yam kev ua ntawm kev thiab uas anatomical lug constituting lub koom haum pab cov tshuab, uas muaj xws li fascia, txog leeg sheath, synovial hnab thiab blocks. Fascia yog ib tug npog, uas muaj connective ntaub so ntswg, muab kev pab txhawb nqa plab mog nqaij thaum nws cog lus, tiv thaiv kom txhob sib haum xeeb nqaij sib nrug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pathology muaj fascia tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab kua paug thiab ntshav ntawm ib tug hemorrhage.

Ib suam ntawm skeletal nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub dynamic thiab zoo li qub zog

Skeletal leeg, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov xwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm nqaij bundles thiab intramuscular connective cov ntaub so ntswg formations, tej zaum yuav txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov qauv, uas txiav txim lawv haumxeeb muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nqaij muaj zog yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm nqaij bundles, raws li lawv txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm ib tug muaj sia hauv lub cheeb. Nws yog nws tus cwj pwm mus rau lub anatomical ntoo khaub lig seem yog los txiav txim rau ua zog ntawm cov dynamic thiab zoo li qub yam ntxwv.

Ib suam ntawm skeletal nqaij ntshiv ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug zoo faib skeletal leeg rau dynamic, zoo li qub-dynamic thiab zoo li qub.

Qhov yooj yim qauv yog raug rau dynamic nqaij. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug maj mam peremiziya lawv ntev fibers kis tau raws lub longitudinal axis ntawm cov nqaij los yog nyob rau lub kaum sab xis mus rau nws, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug coincidence ntawm anatomical ntoo khaub lig seem nrog saline. Cov nqaij ua feem ntau ntawm cov dynamic load. Lawv muaj ib tug loj amplitude tab sis lub hwj chim, lawv tsis txawv. Cov nqaij yog suav hais tias yuav tau ceev, nimble, tab sis sai sai log tsheb.

Nyob rau hauv statodynamic perimysium nqaij (sab hauv thiab sab nraud) muaj ntau heev tsim dua hais tias ntawm lub dynamic, thiab cov nqaij fibers luv luv. Lawv mus nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia, t. E. Form, tsis zoo li dynamic, heev heev physiological widths. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug uas anatomical dav nyob rau hauv cov nqaij tej zaum yuav muaj 2, 3, los yog 10 physiological widths. Qhov no qhia tias statodynamic nqaij muaj zog dynamic. Lawv lub luag hauj lwm no yeej tseem zoo kom muaj ib tug zoo li qub muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv them nyiaj yug, tuav kom ncaj cov pob qij txha rau sawv. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj zog thiab loj zog.

Ib suam ntawm nqaij implies lub neej ntawm ib tug thib peb hom. Qhov no zoo li qub nqaij. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug loj zoo li qub load poob rau saum lawv. Lub sab hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub nqaij nyob rau hauv lub cev, qhov ntau lawv txawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zoo li qub qauv. Feem ntau cov zoo li qub ua hauj lwm thaum sawv thiab nyob rau hauv hauv av pab txhawb nqa nqua nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob qij txha nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam txoj hauj lwm yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov ncaj kev pab raws qib.

Ib suam ntawm nqaij nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nqaij fibers thiab lawv kev txheeb ze rau lub tendons

Nqaij fibers uas yog txheej txheem uas tig mus rau lub longitudinal axis, hu ua ntxaiv-zoo li tus los yog mus tib seem. Thaum lub fibers yog nyob rau ntawm ib lub mus rau lub axis, ib leeg hu ua pinnate. Lub nqua yog laus mas cia li spindly thiab pinnate leeg.

Intramuscular txog leeg txheej, tab sis, theej lub xov tooj thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nqaij khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog cov kev uas pinnate nqaij yog muab faib ua ob peb hom:

• semipenniform nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj interlayer txog leeg, nqaij Symptoms mus rau lub txog leeg fibers, muaj no tsuas muaj ib txhais tes;
• dvuperistye; lawv muaj ib tug tendinous txheej thiab ib tug ob-txoj kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub txog leeg ntawm cov nqaij fibers;
• mnogoperistye uas muaj ob los sis ntau txheej ntawm cov txog leeg, uas yog vim li cas muaj yog interweaving ntawm nqaij bundles, lawv txoj kev ua tus txog leeg los ntawm ob peb sab.

Yuav ua li cas faib cov nqaij zoo lawm?

Classification nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nqaij tseem ceeb lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb theem pib hom.

1. Ntev. Nyob tsuas yog nyob rau nqua. Lawv zoo tsa ib tug ntxaiv. Txhua nqaij yog muab faib ua peb qhov chaw, hauv nruab nrab ib feem yog hu ua lub plab; pib ntawm cov leeg hu ua lub taub hau rov qab rau sab saum toj kawg - yog tus Tsov tus tw. Lawv tendons muaj ribbon zoo li zoo lawm. Muaj ntev nqaij uas tsis muaj ib tug tab sis ob peb taub hau ntawm ntau yam pob txha, nws yog tsim nyog los ua rau kom lawv them nyiaj yug. Cov nqaij yog hu ua ntau-taws.
2. Luv. Lawv yog cov uas lawv muaj tsis loj heev scale taw. Qhov no yuav muab cov neeg pob txha caj qaum tebchaw qhov chaw ntawm lub pob txha caj qaum thiab tav, etc.
3. Pav ca dav. Lawv nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab sab sauv koj cov menyuam thiab qis extremities. Lawv txhab txog leeg hu ua aponeurosis. Pav ca nqaij muaj tsis tau tsuas yog lub cev muaj zog muaj nuj nqi, tab sis kuj cov nyiaj them yug thiab kev tiv thaiv.
4. Nqaij lwm daim: square, yeej, deltoid, toothed, Trapezoidal, fusiform li al.

Lub division ntawm cov nqaij mus rau hauv pab pawg nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tej taub hau thiab lub qhov chaw

Qauv thiab cais ntawm nqaij intertwined. Yog li ntawd, ib tug ntawm lawv muaj ib tug ob peb taub hau. Lawv muab lub npe nyob rau hauv raws li tus xov tooj ntawm hau: ob tug taws (Biceps), Triceps (Triceps), etc.

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw, uas yog nyob los ntawm cov leeg nyob rau hauv lub cev, lawv yog dag thiab sib sib zog nqus, nrub nrab thiab sab, sab nraud thiab sab hauv.

Nqaij nyob rau hauv raws li tej yam nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha

Ib suam ntawm nqaij nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub pob qij txha implies odnosustavnyh (muaj feem xyuam rau tsuas yog ib ob leeg) dvusustavnyh (hnav thoob plaws ob pob qij txha) thiab nqaij polyarticular (hauj lwm rau peb los yog ntau tshaj ob leeg).

Ib suam ntawm lub zog ntawm cov leeg

Raws li qhov no txog kev paub faib cov nqaij, synergistic thiab antagonist leeg. Synergists ua rau ob leeg lub zog nyob rau hauv ib tug xwb (flexors los yog extensors) thiab antagonists ua rau tus txha nyob rau hauv ob opposite kev qhia (flexors thiab extensors).

Ib suam ntawm lub zog ntawm cov leeg thiab muaj xws li lwm yam kev xaiv. nqaij yog tseem ua lub abductor. Yuav ua muab zog rau hlob, nqaim, broaden, tsa, qis, mus lim, rau ncua.