Protein quaternary qauv: ntxwv nta thiab lag luam

Ib tug nto moo philosopher ib zaug hais tias, "Lub neej - yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov uas muaj protein ntau lub cev." Thiab nws yog kiag li txoj cai, vim hais tias nws yog tus organic teeb meem yog lub hauv paus ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob. Protein quaternary qauv yog lub feem ntau complex qauv thiab cov cim zog. Nws yuav tsum rau rau siab ua peb tsab xov xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov protein molecules.

Yuav ua li cas organics

Ib tug loj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov organic tshuaj koom los ntawm ib tug uas cov cuab yeej. Lawv muaj xws li ob peb tshuaj ntsiab. Lawv hu ua organogenic. Yog hydrogen, oxygen, carbon thiab nitrogen. Hais tias yog, lawv tsim organic tshuaj.

Lwm ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv yog hais tias lawv yog cov tag nrho biopolymers. Cov no yog cov loj macromolecules. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm rov qab ua dua units hu ua monomers. Rau carbohydrate yog monosaccharide, rau lipid - glycerol thiab fatty acids. Tab sis DNA thiab RNA muaj nucleotides.

Tshuaj qauv ntawm cov nqaijrog

Monomers cov nqaijrog - yog amino acids, txhua tus uas muaj cov tshuaj qauv. Lub hauv paus rau cov monomer yog ib tug carbon atom, nws cov ntaub ntawv plaub bonds. Tus thawj ntawm cov - mus rau ib tug hydrogen atom. Ib tug thib ob thiab thib peb, ntsig txog, tsim nrog amino thiab karboksogruppoy. Lawv txiav txim seb tsis tau tsuas yog cov qauv ntawm cov biopolymer molecules, tab sis kuj lawv lub zog. Lub xeem pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub molecule amino acid hu ua radical. Qhov no yog cov pab pawg neeg ntawm atoms, rau cov uas tag nrho cov monomers yog txawv nrog txhua lwm yam, uas ua rau ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab nyob quavntsej.

Tus qauv ntawm cov protein molecule

Ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm cov organic tebchaw yog hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm muaj nyob rau ntau lub koom haum. Nws yog ib tug thawj, theem nrab, tertiary thiab quaternary qauv ntawm cov protein. Txhua yam ntawm lawv tsis muaj tej yam khoom thiab qualities.

Thawj qauv ntawm

Qhov no cov protein yog heev yooj yim nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Nws yog ib cov saw ntawm cov amino acids, uas yog kev cob cog rua ntawm peptide bonds. Lawv tsim ntawm cov amino thiab karboksogruppami ze molecules.

theem nrab qauv

Thaum cov amino acid saw yog cov mus rau hauv ib tug helix, tsim ib theem qauv ntawm cov protein. Kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv ib tug qauv hu ua hydrogen, thiab nws daim ntawv ntsiab xws li atoms nyob rau hauv haumxeeb amino pawg. Piv nrog rau lub peptide, lawv muaj tsawg npaum li cas hwj chim, tab sis muaj peev xwm mus khaws cov qauv no.

tertiary qauv

Tab sis raws li nram no qauv - nws yog ib lub pob, uas yog cov kauv amino acids. Nws tseem hu ua globule. Nws muaj nws los ntawm kev sib txuas sawv ntawm residues xwb tej amino acids - cysteine. Lawv hu ua disulfide. Qhov no qauv kuj txhawb hydrophobic thiab electrostatic bonds. Tus thawj yog ib tug ntawm cov attraction ntawm cov amino acids nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv tej yam, lawv cov hydrophobic residues suab "lo ua ke" tsim tau ib globule. Tsis tas li ntawd, amino acid radicals muaj opposing nqi yog attracted rau txhua lwm yam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj ntxiv electrostatic kev twb kev txuas.

Protein quaternary qauv

Lub quaternary qauv ntawm cov protein yog heev yooj yim. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov merger ntawm ob peb globules. Tej zaum lawv yuav sib txawv, thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm spatial lub koom haum. Yog hais tias lub protein quaternary qauv yog tsim tsuas amino acid residues, nws yog yooj yim. Cov biopolymers yog hu ua cov proteins. Tab sis yog hais tias tus molecules uas txuas mus rau cov uas tsis yog-protein Cheebtsam tshwm sim proteid. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov no amino compound nrog carbohydrate, nucleic acid residues thiab phosphorus, lipids, ib tug neeg atoms ntawm hlau thiab tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv qhov nws tseem paub protein ntau ceg nrog tej yam ntuj tso coloring tshuaj - pigments. Qhov no qauv ntawm cov protein molecules yog ntau.

Spatial daim ntawv quaternary cov protein yog decisive rau nws cov khoom. Zaum tau pom tias filamentous los yog fibrillar biopolymers tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej. Lawv pab ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi rau lub neej kab mob. Yog li, nqaij cov nqaijrog actin thiab myosin muab zog, thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm keratin cov plaub hau ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Kheej kheej los yog globular cov nqaijrog quaternary qauv yog heev soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm sib txawv. Tej yam muaj peev xwm ntawm thauj gases, xws li hemoglobin, muab siab npuab zaub mov raws li pepsin, los yog ua ib tug tiv nuj nqi, zoo li cov tshuaj.

protein zog

Protein quaternary qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog globular, tej zaum yuav hloov nws cov qauv. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam. Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv yog cov uas siab kub, muaj zog acids los yog hnyav hlau.

Yog hais tias lub protein molecule unwinds mus rau lub amino acid saw, xws li ib tug vaj tse yog hu ua denaturation. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog reversible. Qhov no qauv yuav dua daim globules molecules. Qhov no rov qab tus txheej txheem no hu ua renaturation. Yog hais tias cov amino acid lwg me me deb ntawm txhua lwm yam thiab ua txhaum lub peptide bonds, muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog irreversible. Qhov no protein tsis tau zoo tu qab tso. Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm txhua txhua tus thaum kib qe.

Yog li cov quaternary qauv ntawm cov protein - kev twb kev txuas yam, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Nws yog muaj zog txaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb uas muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.