Moscow attractions: Monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky. piav qhia

Ntawm cov sights ntawm Moscow sawv ib tug ntawm cov thawj monuments nplooj siab tsis tus rulers thiab lub teb chaws heroes, lub defenders ntawm lub Moscow State. Nws yog lub monument nyob rau hauv St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (Cathedral ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Feem ntau cov dawb huv Theotokos rau lub moat) nyob rau hauv liab Square. Ua ntej piav txog lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky, Kuv saib cov keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation.

Lub xyoo ntawm tus monument thiab pej xeem cov nyiaj pub dawb

Keeb kwm ntawm lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky pib ua ntej lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog. Lub monument ntsia tau rau hauv 1818 nyob rau qhov chaw uas xaiv los ntawm lub sculptor Martosom Ivanom Petrovichem txawm lub behest ntawm Tsar Alexander I. Fundraising rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub monument raug ntes rau ib tug tus kheej bas-relief ntawm lub pedestal.

Tus txiv neej thiab cov poj niam nrog tshaj offerings xwm nyob rau hauv ob pawg neeg nyias. Cov poj niam mus ntseeg nkaws, muab ornaments thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Lawv tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb heev hwj tau lub cev qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb kev txiav txim kom nce nyiaj rau ib tug zoo ua rau lub yeeb koob ntawm lub Fatherland. Antique cov khaub ncaws txhos caug cov poj niam - ib tug tribute lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, lub sculptor tau qhia lawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab headdresses. Xwm nyob rau hauv lub bas-relief txiv neej kuj coj lub siab dawb siab lub txiaj ntsim.

Lo lus hais txog cov neeg sau ntawm lub monument

Creation ntawm lub monument sculptor Martosom Ivanom Petrovichem tau coincided nrog cov sawv ntawm patriotic nco qab ntawm cov neeg thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog tiv thaiv Napoleon tus pab tub rog. Tom qab raug tus monument twb thauj mus rau Moscow los ntawm St. Petersburg dej tseem khiav. Lub bronze daim duab los ntawm tus sau ntawm lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky muab pej xeem tej yam txaus siab thiab patriotism. No ua hauj lwm, IP Martos muab txhua xyoo lub neej laus thiab lub npe ntawm State Councillor. Ua hauj lwm rau cov duab puab ntawm 1804 mus 1817, nyob Martos tau tsim nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm embodied nyob rau ntawd patriotic hom phiaj.

Ua nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm academician thiab rector ntawm cov duab puab nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, nyob rau hauv cov xyoo Martos koom nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tombstones. Nws kos duab yog sawv cev los ntawm lub memorial complex nyob rau hauv lub yas sculptural compositions tombs ntawm lub aristocracy. Monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky, qhov kev piav qhia thiab tsim ntawm uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg, coj los ntawm ib tug ancient engraving, yeej tsis yooj yim contest.

Monument rau Lavxias teb sab kev sib sau

Monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub Wage tau ntev raug suav hais tias ib yam ntawm cov txwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab capital. Minin, raising nws txhais tes nyob rau hauv ib tug piav tes piav taw ntawm recruiting, puav Pozharsky ua cov neeg pab tub rog. Voivod, dua li cov wounds, tsa, leaning ntawm nws ntaub thaiv npog. Nws hwj tau lub cev symbolically qhia tau hais tias lub awakening ntawm lub teb chaws nco qab nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab nyuaj lub sij hawm rau Russia.

lub ntsiab lus

Tsa nws txhais tes mus Minin Pozharsky hu tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev txiav txim. Nws yog ib tug zoo ntawm tsis txaus siab mus rau tag nrho Lavxias teb sab neeg, hu rau sib ntaus sib tua.

Mus ob peb vas thiab yuav ntawm cov neeg tsis pom kev qhia tsim pej xeem cov nyiaj pub rau lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky. Hauj lwm Minin siab tawv tus neeg, txawm nws yeej muaj tseeb cov neeg pluag hairstyle sim xav tias nws yog zoo li nws kev txiav txim rau Zeus. Ancient cim tsho tiv no trimmed nrog tsoos Lavxias teb sab qauv rau ntawm ntug, uas muab lawv ib tug resemblance mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab tsho.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab tsis muaj zog txaus Pozharsky txhab kom meej meej pom decisive lus teb rau ntuas pab pawg phooj ywg rau lub taub hau cov tub rog ntawm Nrov Kuj. Muaj ib tug tes so rau hauv nws cov ntaub thaiv npog nrog rau cov duab ntawm tus Cawm Seej, tus tswv xeev yog tsa los ntawm nws lub txaj. Nws lwm cov tes so rau hniav ntaj hniav riam outstretched Minin. Lawv ob txhais tes kov thiab tus ntoo khaub lig rau nws. Duab no piav tes piav taw symbolically mus cov nuj nqis ntawm cov tub rog, taw tes rau lawv union.

Qhov twg kom tau txais cov zajlus rau duab puab

Lub sculptor ntawm lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky embodied nyob rau hauv bronze zajlus yog coj los ntawm ib tug ancient engraving. tsis paub hais tias sau ua hauj lwm rau siab ua lub yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab tuaj pab dawb nyob rau hauv lub Polish-Lavxias teb sab ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1605-1613 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov kev kub ntxhov lub sij hawm, lub hwj chim tshaj lub Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv dhau los ntawm ib tug txhais tes mus rau lwm lub. Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li, uas rau txawv teb chaws cov tub rog kev pab rau ib tug tub huabtais muab Sweden haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab teb chaws. Cuav Dmitry, lzhenasledniki zwm txwv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tub rog coups thiab tua neeg ntawm ncaj qha qub txeeg qub teg kav lub xeev.

Los ntawm thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo, tag nrho cov ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Daniel ntawm Moscow, twb tuag lawm los yog raug tua nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Lub hlais-up ntawm lub hwj chim tau coj mus rau kev kub ntxhov thiab uprisings lub zos. Yuav luag txhua txhua nobleman xav ua huab tais. Impostors, siv lub npe ntawm tus tua Tsarevich Dmitry, thiab sau tub rog coj tub rog ua mus txeeb lub zwm txwv thiab Moscow.

Lzhedmitry I, II, III, Polish thiab Swedish tub rog neeg pab leg ntaubntawv rau lub ntiaj teb Lavxias teb sab

Feeb tsis meej, kev koom tes thiab anarchy reigned nyob rau hauv Russia tom qab kev tuag ntawm Boris Godunov. Kev Dukes sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv tus kheej. Impostors nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tub huabtais, recruited nws pab tub rog ntawm lub Polish gentry, uas koom nyob rau hauv lub ntxeev siab tawm tsam nws tus huab tais. Lawv twb tsis muaj txoj kev hauv tsev, rau teb chaws Poland.

King ntawm Poland, nrog cov views mus rau Lavxias teb sab zwm txwv, thiab lub ntiaj teb, siv qhov teeb meem no rau lawv kom zoo dua. Los ntawm overthrowing Shumsky zaum ntawm ib lub rooj zaum Moscow boyars mus nyob hauv lub nroog lub Polish pab tub rog. Tug nyob rau hauv Borisov, Npelayas, Mozhaisk. Chaos thiab anarchy reigned nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Swedish tub ceev xwm, caw Lavxias teb sab tau kev pab, demanded Livonia (Karelia). Tom qab, lub Swedes seized lub chaw ntug hiav qhov chaw ntawm lub Dawb Hiav txwv thiab Barents hiav txwv, yog tej Ladoga, ceev, Tikhvin.

se

Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no Kuzmoy Mininym thiab Dmitriem Pozharskim lub militia tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod. Nws yog ib tug tsis tu ncua pab tub rog ntawm servitors thiab nobles.

Wise tub huabtais Pozharskii dimplomatically txheej txheem Sweden thiab tswj tseeb los ntawm Moscow Polish gentry ua ke nrog ob peb kaum traitors boyars. Nws twb koom los ntawm cov thawj ntawm ob peb lub zos. Kuv ua ib tug loj yuam kev Pozharsky, dismissing gentry militia. Armed Cossack detachments, unaccustomed thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog los ntawm ib tug ib txwm thaj yeeb lub neej, puas Pozharsky thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau lub zwm txwv Mikhail Romanov.

Cov kev hloov ntawm lub monument mus rau ib tug tshiab qhov chaw

Ua ntej St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo nyob rau hauv Moscow monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky. piav qhia ntawm cov txheej xwm muaj feem xyuam rau lub rearrangement ntawm lub monument rau ntawm qhov chaw, yuav tsum tau ib tug rov qab mus rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Tus pej thuam xaiv rau nws tsim yaam tshab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub square, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Upper luam kab. Cov duab puab Pozharsky Minin hu mus tsa tus militia quab yuam deev ntawm Kremlin, uas khiav nkaum lub Polish gentry, taw tes rau tus kaw rooj vag thiab lub Kremlin nws tus kheej. Nws rooj vag qhib tom qab tus quab yuam.

Raws li ib tug version, qhov tam sim no qhov chaw ntawm lub sculptures xaiv los ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv rau lub yooj yim ntawm cov tub rog parades nrog hnyav tub rog cov khoom ntawm lub Soviet Army.

Lwm version txawv piav yog vim li cas rau cov kev hloov ntawm lub monument. Cov thawj qhov chaw Minin Pozharsky taw nyob rau ntawm lub Kremlin nrog xauv muaj los ntawm Tug thiab lawv henchmen. Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm lub mausoleum tshwm sim hais tias Minin tes taw tes rau lub qhov ntxa uas tus thawj coj ntawm lub proletariat thiab dua xauv rooj vag ntawm lub Kremlin. Nws yog tau hais tias tag nrho ob qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb tau coj mus rau "txav" historic monument rau St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo.

Thaum tsim tau tom qab lub yeej tshaj qhov Fabkis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm liab Square monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky, Moscow thiab tag nrho lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm tus huab tais lees paub tias cov muaj peev xwm thiab kam ntawm cov invincible Lavxias teb sab neeg rau kev sib sau, kev txiav txim thiab lub teb chaws ntseeg siab.