Rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no lub feem ntau nto moo "hu card" ntawm Russia yog lub Kremlin, liab Square thiab St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo nyob rau hauv Moscow. Cov yav tas muaj lwm lub npe, lub feem ntau nrov uas yog lub Cathedral ntawm lub Intercession rau lub moat.
Txheej txheem cej luam
Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo lom nws 450th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm 02.07.2011 Qhov no cim qauv tau tsa rau cov liab Square. Amazing nyob rau hauv nws cov kev zoo nkauj tuam tsev nruab nrab yog ib tug complex pawg ntseeg koom los ntawm ib tug ntau puag. Txawm tias cov neeg uas paub tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog cov architecture ntawm Russia, yuav paub txog lub Koom Txoos Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb feature - tag nrho ntawm nws cov yeeb yuj ncaws yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab (Intercession) ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub iconostasis, uas twb tsiv los ntawm lub puam tsuaj nyob rau hauv 1770 lub Kremlin Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Chernigov txuj ci tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Intercession ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv yog cov zoo tshaj plaws icons ntawm lub Cathedral, feem ntau ancient ntawm lawv - lub icon ntawm Vasiliya Blazhennogo (XVI caug xyoo.), Sau rau pawg ntseeg no. Tam sim ntawd rau zaub icons ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo.: Our pojniam ntawm Kos npe thiab sau lub Intercession ntawm lub Theotokos. Tus thawj cov ntawv luam daim duab, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab ntawm lub façade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsos ntawm lub tuam tsev
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, lub keeb kwm ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm uas tau kis tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm myths xwb thiab legends, ua los ntawm cov thawj huab tais ntawm Russia Ivana Groznogo. Nws twb rau rau siab ua qhov tseem ceeb tshwm sim - namely, lub yeej tshaj qhov Kazan Khanate. Tu siab historians, architects npe tsim no incomparable masterpiece, tsis dim. Muaj ntau ntau lub versions li uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev, tab sis ho tsis tau tsim uas tsim lub St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Moscow yog lub ntsiab lub nroog ntawm Russia, yog li tus huab tais sau nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws masters. Raws li ib tug kev lig kev cai yog lub ntsiab kes duab vajtse ntawm lub Pskov Postnik Yakovlev nicknamed Barma. Lwm version kiag li sib cov nyom no. Muaj coob tus ntseeg hais tias tus neeg txhab dej caw thiab Sai - sib txawv masters. Txawm ntau tsis meej pem tshwm sim los ntawm peb lub version, uas hais tias cov St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo nyob rau hauv Moscow ua tau los ntawm Italian kws kes duab vajtse. Tab sis qhov tseem nrov dab neeg txog lub tuam tsev yog ib tug uas hais txog txoj kev dig muag ntawm architects uas tsim no masterpiece, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsis rov nws creation.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe
Amazingly, txawm lub fact tias lub ntsiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov tuam tsev fij tseg rau tus Vaj nkauj xwb, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nws yog lub npe hu ua St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Moscow yeej ib txwm tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg ruam (foom koob hmoov rau "cov neeg ntawm Vajtswv"), tab sis lub npe ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yog kaw mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Chim Basil nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no mus shirtless. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau tag nrho nws lub cev festooned chains uas hlau chains nrog loj crosses. Tus txiv neej no yog heev hwm nyob rau hauv Moscow. Txawm tus huab tais kho nws nrog uncharacteristic awe. Vasiliy Blazhenny Revered pej xeem raws li ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1552, thiab nyob rau hauv 1588 nws lub ntxa tau tsa ib pawg ntseeg. Nws yog ib qhov qauv tau muab lub npe rau lub tuam tsev.
St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (piav qhia)
Yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus uas mus ntsib Moscow yeej paub tias lub ntsiab lub cim ntawm Russia, yog lub liab Square. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo yog ib qho ntawm feem kev tsim txiaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov complex ntawm vaj tse thiab monuments nyob rau nws. Lub tuam tsev yog ntoo 10 zoo kawg li ncaws. Nyob ib ncig ntawm cov thawj (lub ntsiab) lub Koom Txoos hu Intercession symmetrically txheej txheem yim rau lwm tus neeg. Lawv ua lub tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm yim-taw lub hnub qub. Tag nrho cov pawg ntseeg symbolize attributable mus rau lub hnub ntawm lub kev ntawm Kazan Khanate kev cai dab qhuas hnub caiv.
Ncaws ntawm St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo thiab tswb ntauwd
Yim churches crowned nrog bulbous 8 chapters. Lub ntsiab (central) lub tsev yog ua kom tiav "tsev pheebsuab", saum toj no uas nce ib me ntsis, "cupola". Kaum dome twb ua dua lub tsev teev ntuj tswb ntauwd. Yuav ua li cas yog tawm yog hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov tuam tsev ncaws yog kiag li txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim.
Niaj hnub nimno tswb pej thuam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua rau lub site ntawm lub qub belfry, uas yog kiag li poob mus rau hauv disrepair nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Nws tau tsa nyob rau hauv 1680 nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswb pej thuam yog ib tug loj heev siab pob tawb loj loj, uas ua lub Octagon. Nws muaj ib tug sab nraum zoov thaj tsam uas xa tuaj nrog los ntawm 8 tug ncej. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov sib thooj, arched spans. Sab saum toj qhov chaw crowned siab octagonal tsev pheebsuab, cov npoo ntawm uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog vuas ntawm txawv xim (dawb, xiav, daj, xim av). Cov ntug ntawm nws vuas them nrog ntsuab curly. Thaum lub sab saum toj ntawm lub tsev ntaub yog bulbous lub taub hau, topped los ntawm ib tug octagonal ntoo khaub lig. Hauv lub thaj av rau saum ntoo kab teeb dai neeb, uas tau raug muab ntiab rov qab rau hauv XVII-XIX centuries.
architectural nta
Cuaj Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral pawg ntseeg sib thooj, los ntawm ib tug ntau los luj thiab ib tug gallery. Nws feature yog ib tug whimsical painting, lub ntsiab vim li cas cov uas yog floral designs. Lub cim style ntawm lub tuam tsev combines kev lig kev cai ntawm ob European thiab Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm lub Renaissance. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ob qho tib si arched qhib. Lub qhov siab ntawm lub tuam tsev (mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws dome) 65 m npe Council ntawm Churches :. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, Trinity, Martyrs Adrian thiab Natalia, tus nkag mus rau nram lub nroog Yeluxalees, Ioanna Milostivogo, Varlaama Hutynskogo, Aleksandra Svirskogo, Gregory lub Armenian, kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus niam ntawm Vajtswv.
Lwm feature ntawm lub tuam tsev yog hais tias nws twb tsis muaj qab daus. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj zog hauv qab daus phab ntsa (ncav ib tug tuab ntawm 3 m). Lub qhov siab ntawm txhua tus ntawm qhov chaw yog kwv yees li 6.5 m. Tag nrho cov kev tsim kho sab qaum teb tuam tsev yog cim raws li ntev torispherical vault qab daus twb tsis muaj cov yuav txhawb tau tug ncej. Cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev "txiav" yog li ntawd-hu ua "huab cua qhov", uas yog nqaim qhib. Lawv muab ib tug tshwj xeeb microclimate nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Xyoo qab daus thaj chaw twb tsis muaj rau parishioners. Nishi-caches muaj tau siv raws cia thiab muab kaw qhov rooj, muaj cov uas yog tam sim no tsuas qhia rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub voj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ua ntej mus txog thaum kawg XVI. lawv khaws cia rau hauv lub muaj koob muaj npe tso nyiaj.
Lub gradual transformation ntawm lub Council
Tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo. tshaj hauv lub tuam tsev tuaj curly lub taub hau, uas hloov tus thawj qab nthab, hlawv nyob rau hauv lwm tua hluav taws. Qhov no Orthodox Cathedral mus rau lub XVII caug xyoo. hu ua Trinity, raws li tus thawj heev ntoo pawg ntseeg, uas twb nyob rau hauv lub site, nws ua tau nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity. Keeb xeeb lub tuam tsev no yog ib tug ntau yooj yim thiab ntse zoo li, vim hais tias nws ua tau ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cib. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Tag nrho cov ncaws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tej hub vuas. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm mus rau lub tuam tsev tau ntxiv rau lub asymmetric siv. Ces muaj tents tshaj porches thiab intricate paintings ntawm phab ntsa thiab ceilings. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab painting nyob graceful. Nyob rau hauv 1931, ua ntej lub tuam tsev tau tsa ib tug monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky. Rau hnub tim, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo yog nyob rau hauv cov pob qij ciaj ciam ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lub tuam tsev no yog ib cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Russia. Txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab uniqueness ntawm no lub tuam tsev thiab menyuam tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo nyob rau hauv Moscow muaj feem xyuam rau lub ntiaj teb no cuab yeej cuab tam los ntawm UNESCO.
Tus nqi tiv thaiv Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub USSR
Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub kev tsim txom ntawm Soviet hwj chim nyob rau hauv kev xav txog kev ntseeg thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov pawg ntseeg, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1918 tau muab tso rau hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv raws li ib tug keeb kwm kev cai monument ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, tag nrho cov zog ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau teem rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws. Tus thawj yog tus tu lub tuam tsev Archpriest John Kuznetsov. Nws yog nws leej twg yuav luag ib leeg coj kev kho mob ntawm lub tsev txij nkawm, txawm tias nws mob yog tsuas phem phem. Nyob rau hauv 1923, lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm-architectural tsev cia puav pheej "Pokrovsky Cathedral". Twb tau nyob rau 1928 nws los ua ib tug ntawm cov ceg ntawm lub xeev Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nyob rau hauv 1929, nrog nws tag nrho cov neeb thiab pe hawm Vajtswv tau muab tshem tawm lawv txwv. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub tuam tsev rau ze li ntawm ib puas xyoo ntawm lossi tau kho dua tshiab thiab, nws exposition kaw ib zaug xwb - thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.
St. Basil lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv lub 1991-2014 biennium.
Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo tsiv mus rau ob leeg siv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj thiab hauv lub Xeev Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nyob rau 15.08.1997, nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj twb resumed rau cov hnub caiv thiab hnub Sunday. Txij li thaum 2011, qhib rau yav tas los tsis cuag chapels, qhov chaw tshiab exhibitions cov txheej txheem.