Lub conductors nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob field

Ntau lub cev, raws li yog paub zoo tias, muab faib mus rau hauv nonconductors (dielectrics) thiab conductors los ntawm lawv cov hluav taws xob zog. Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas muaj conductors nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field, yog hais tias lub nqi yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nyob rau hauv tus nto ntawd, hauv uas lub electric teb yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Yuav ua li cas mus piav qhia txog qhov no?

Qhov no yog hais tias lub conductors muaj kev tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob nqi. Yog li, co xws li nqi yog muaj xws li electrons uas tau poob kev sib cuag nrog atoms. Lawv hu ua free electrons.

Tej electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib ntawm hlau, yog muab tso rau hauv lub fais teb, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub zog teb yuav txav mus nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb uas yog opposite rau lub electric teb ntawm siv.

Siv ib daim ntawv qhia mus rau lub abcd hluav taws xob field, uas yog muab tso rau hauv ib yam teb, nrog khov, los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis.

Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm AC neeg xyuas pib tshwm sim ntau heev tsis zoo xwb, thiab ntau zoo - mus rau lwm lub DB. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv peb pom tau tias cov nyob ntawm tej nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob field yog electrified. Cov nqi uas tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, tsim nyob hauv nws ib tug ntxiv hluav taws xob field. Nws teb kab muaj ib tug coj rov qab nrog hwm rau kab ntawm cov thawj teb. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub nro hauv av teb nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib yog txo, i.e., Nws tsis muaj zog txog tus quab yuam uas ua rau dawb electrons, thiab kuj ua rau lawv lub zog. Cov nqi uas yog conductors nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob teb, lub zog yuav tso tseg thaum lub resultant teb lub dag lub zog nyob rau hauv lawv yuav pes tsawg.

Yog li ntawd, thaum qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm cov nqi rau tus neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv lub teb yog uas ploj lawm. Nws tsis tuaj kawm ntawv yuav siv tau los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm sab nraud hluav taws xob field. Rau lub hom phiaj no nws yog txaus los mus puag khawm hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug nyias conductive txheej, e.g., mus rau qhov chaw nws nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau box. Hauv lub npov no lub teb yuav tsis tau.

Los ua pov thawj rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ib tug them neeg xyuas pib yog tsis muaj hluav taws xob field, nyob rau hauv nws kev, Faraday ua ib tug loj hlau tawb, uas yog ntsia tau rau insulators thiab sam. Yog hauv lub cell nrog hypersensitive electroscope, Faraday muaj pov thawj hais tias tus sab hauv yog tsis muaj hluav taws xob, txawm hais tias teem rau lub txheej saum npoo yog tseem ceeb heev xwb. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua electrification los ntawm cawv los yog electrostatic induction. Nws ua - nyhuv ntawm lwm hluav taws xob field rau lub electrons nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib unoccupied. Thiab cov nqi uas muaj conductors nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob field, hu ua lub ntxias nqi.

Los ntawm tus ntawm electrification phenomenon piav attraction ntawm electrified thiab nenaelektrizovannymi lub cev, raws li zoo raws li kev hloov ntawm hluav taws xob xwb los hu rau ntawm lub cev.

Thaum lub electrified lub cev txoj kev rau ib qho yooj yim neeg xyuas pib ces yuav tshwm sim nyob saud lub ntxias nqi ob cim. Yog li, cov nqi ntawm opposite kos npe rau yuav attracted rau lub cev, thiab zoo li cov nqi yuav ua rau. Vim hais tias zoo li cov nqi yog nyob rau sab ntawm lub teeb neeg xyuas pib, lub ntau nyob deb ntawm lub cev, lub resultant ntawm no ob rog yog tus quab yuam ntawm attraction. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm no quab yuam yog ib lub teeb xyuas pib yog attracted rau lub cev. Thaum lub sij hawm cov kev sib cuag ntawm cov ntxias xwb yog opposite kos npe rau yuav tsum neutralized los ntawm inducing xwb ib feem uas yog sib npaug zos rau nws nyob rau hauv qhov ntau. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb xyuas pib tshua ib yam xwb, thiab ib lub cev.

Vim lub fact tias ib lub teeb xyuas pib tam sim no muaj tib lub xwb raws li lub cev, nws yuav thawb tawm los ntawm nws; dab tsi peb saib experimentally.

Conductors thiab dielectrics nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob field muaj ntau zog. Yog li ntawd, dielectrics muaj zoo tsis muaj free nqi. Thaum muab tso nyob rau hauv lub hluav taws xob field of polarization phenomenon tshwm sim.