Electric xwb

Tag nrho lub cev yuav muaj li ntawm indivisible me me hais hu ua elementary. Lawv muaj loj thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau neeg nyiam txhua lwm yam. Raws li cov kev cai lij choj ntawm gravitation, thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus hais yog txaus nyiam quab yuam kuj txo maj mam (nws yog inversely xwm yeem mus rau square ntawm qhov kev ncua deb). Lub zog ntawm cov kev sis raug zoo ntawm hais ntau dua li tus quab yuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. No sis thiab hu ua "hluav taws xob xwb" thiab tus hais - them.

Sis hais hu ua solenoid. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov feem ntau ntawm cov elementary hais. Yog hais tias nws tsis yog nrog lawv nyob, ces tham txog cov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv xwb.

Electric xwb txiav txim seb tus neeg kawm ntawv uas siv ntawm cov electromagnetic sis raug zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv ntawm elementary hais uas txhais tau tias lawv tus cwj pwm. Xaiv los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv "q" los yog "Q".

Macroscopic txheem tsev ntawm hluav taws xob xwb tsis muaj nyob, tsim nws raws li nws yog tsis tau vim nws tsis pom nrias to. Nyob rau hauv atomic physics, lub tsev noj them nqi ntawm ib electron. Lub International System of Chav yog teem siv hauv lub tam sim no. Charge nyob rau hauv ib tug pendant (1 C) ntawd hais tias nws kis tau ntawm ib tug tam sim no ntawm 1 A rau 1 thib ob los ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib seem. Qhov no yog nej ib tug siab xwb. Me cev mus tshaj tawm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrab neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab nyob rau hauv lub 1 C xwb yog heev tiag tiag.

Electric xwb yog ib tug scalar lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis uas characterizes lub peev xwm hais los yog lub cev nkag mus rau hauv electromagnetic quab yuam kev sis raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus sis yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub tswv yim ntawm tus taw tes xwb. Nws yog ib tug them lub cev, uas nws qhov ntev npaum li cas me dua qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws mus rau lub soj taw tes los yog lwm yam them hais. Thaum ob taw tes nqi yov yog loj npaum li cas tshaj lawv linear qhov ntev.

Cov hais muaj opposite nqi protons - zoo, electrons - tsis zoo. Cov cim (ntxiv thiab rho tawm) muaj kev cuam tshuam lub peev xwm ntawm tus hais yuav tsum tau attracted (nrog txawv tej yam tshwm sim) thiab ib tug pib (yam tsawg kawg ib qho). Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo indicators, As yog compensated txhua lwm yam.

Cov hluav taws xob xwb hais yog tib yam nyob rau hauv tsis muaj nqis, tsis hais seb nws yog zoo li ib tug proton, los yog tsis zoo, raws li cov electron. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus xwb yog hais tias yuav tsum elementary. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov them hais. Cais ib feem ntawm lub particle txib yog tsis yooj yim sua. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi yog txiav txim experimentally.

Electric xwb thiab nws cov khoom yuav ntsuas siv ib tug electrometer. Nws muaj yam nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug kab rov tav axis ntawm cov hlau pas nrig thiab xib xub. Yog hais tias tus pas nrig mus kov lub zoo them wand, lub xub deflected los ntawm ib tug tej yam kaum sab xis. Qhov no yog vim tus nqi tis rau cov xub thiab bar. Tig xub vim tus quab yuam ntawm repulsion. Los ua tus nqi nce thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm txawv los ntawm ntsug. Hais tias yog, nws qhia tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm tus nqi uas yog kis tau rods electrometer.

Muaj cov nram qab no thaj chaw ntawm lub fais xwb. Lawv yuav ua tau zoo los tsis zoo (random xaiv ntawm lub npe), uas nyiam thiab ua. Cov nqi yuav tsum xa mus los ntawm hu rau los ntawm ib lwm lub cev. Ib lub cev nyob rau hauv txawv kev kawm tej zaum yuav muaj ntau nqi. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature yog discrete, uas txhais tau tias lub hav zoov ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, universal xwb, uas yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov coj cov nuj nqis ntawm tej lub cev. Tsis pub dhau ib tug kaw system cov algebraic sum ntawm tag nrho cov nqi nyob twj ywm qhov. Qhov xwm ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib tug kos npe rau tsis tshwm sim thiab yaj ib txhij.