Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam ntawm nyiaj txiag, geographic: qhov kev piav qhia, yam ntxwv

Zog ntawm Guj kuj - qhov loj tshaj plaws lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub Eurasian av loj, occupies sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm cov teb chaws Asia thiab sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Europe. Ib thaj nyuag, nws ranked thawj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no cov teb chaws. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm lub teb chaws tus pej xeem - 146 lab tus tib neeg. Raws li hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv - thawj tswj-parliamentary koom pheej; tsoom fwv teb chaws lub xeev. Cov hauj lwm lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws - lub Lavxias teb sab Federation (RF). Capital - lub nroog ntawm Moscow.

Tus tam sim no tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev yog Vladimir Putin. Cov hauj lwm txiaj yog pom zoo raws li lub Lavxias teb sab ruble. Lub teb chaws yog nyob txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 11 lub sij hawm aav. Zog ntawm Guj kuj tseem ob peb dozens ntawm haiv neeg, haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg. Tag nrho cov neeg yog txawj tes dej num los ntawm craftsmen rau businessmen. Ntawm no yog ib qho kev nthuav pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub majestic hwj chim. Nyob rau lub teb chaws koj yuav pom ntau yam monuments thiab ntau yam zoo ntawm tus kab lis kev cai uas qhia tau hais tias hwm rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm.

Thaj cheeb tsam ntawm Russia

Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam - ntau tshaj 17 lab square feet. km. Nws muaj lub coos coastline ntawm cov teb chaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Huab ntsiab lus:

• Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - m Cheliuskin (ceg av qab teb Tajmyr) ..
• Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj - on-nyob rau hauv Ratmanova (Bering Strait).
• Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - yog Bazardyuzyu (nyob rau ciam teb nrog Dagestan).
• Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, cov huab point yog nyob rau hauv lub Kaliningrad cheeb tsam.

Zog ntawm Guj kuj conditionally muab faib nruab nrab ntawm ob qhov chaw hauv lub ntiaj teb no - cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Qhov no ciam yog teem Ural Toj siab. Cov ob qhov chaw yog sis tsis ncaj nyob rau hauv loj: cov European ib feem occupies 25% ntawm lub cheeb tsam, thaum lub sij hawm Neeg Esxias - 75%. Lavxias teb sab chaw nyob ib tug loj ib feem ntawm cov neeg Esxias, uas yog feem ntau hu ua Siberia thiab Far East.

Yog hais tias peb cais Russia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nyem, uas yog, orographic txoj kev, peb yuav paub qhov txawv cov 6 thaj thaj tsam ntawm lub teb chaws.

Western Siberia

Nws sawv cev rau sab hnub poob Siberian Tiaj, ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nras nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau lub Kara Hiav txwv mus rau lub Kazakh semi-deserts ntawm lub Altai thiab cov Urals rau tus dej. Yenisei. Tag nrho cov dawb cheeb tsam - 2.5 lab sq. km. West cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug me nyuam nce hloov. Lawv sib txawv nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 100-200 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ciam teb rau lwm ntawm lub nce mus 300 m. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm no cheeb tsam heev swampy. Los ntawm tag nrho cov Siberian cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws yog sab qab teb ntawm Russia zoo heev nyob-nyob rau hauv, thaum lub sij hawm so yog kiag li tsis haum tog twg los rau lub neej los yog rau cov lag luam.

Eastern Siberia

Lwm cheeb tsam ntawm Siberia, ntau ntawm cov uas yuav siv sij hawm lub Central Siberian toj siab. Nws yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub West Siberian Tiaj. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab hnub poob suburbs surrounded los ntawm lub roob ranges ntawm lub Eastern Sayan, Transbaikalia thiab cov Baikal cheeb tsam. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm lub cheeb tsam - 600-700 m, alternating ridges thiab plateaus. Qhov siab tshaj plaws toj siab - Viljujsky no cuag ib tug qhov siab ntawm 1500-1700 m siab tshaj plaws taw tes -. Kamen, qhov siab 1701 m Qhov chaw yuav piav raws li ib tug qhov chaw nyob qhov twg nws yog ib qho thoob plaws hauv lub permafrost .. Nws kim heev dej system sawv cev tsuas yog los ntawm lub roob dej ntws.

Far East

Ib tug kuj me me geographic cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv lub Pacific ntug dej hiav txwv. Muab faib ua 3 qhov chaw: lub mainland - cia li ntug dej hiav txwv; peninsular - ceg av qab teb Kamchatka; kob - Kuril Islands. Muaj ib tug meridional twg, nyob ntawm seb nws thaj yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av ntawd. Piv txwv li, lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Far East yog nyob rau hauv lub Arctic vajvoog. Rau rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia cov daus muab txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw ntawm permafrost, thiab ces - qhov tundra. Ntau ntau lub cheeb tsam no uas muaj los ntawm roob ranges thiab toj. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub seismic tsam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Kamchatka ceg av qab teb. Nws yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau active seismic cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub active volcanoes, nquag tshwm sim - underwater volcanoes, ua tsunami vuag. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb lub taiga yog yeej los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub subtropical muaj. Zoo li ib co lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, lub cheeb tsam - qhov chaw ntawm cov pwm vim hais tias ntawm qhov sib thooj rau lub hiav txwv.

Southeastern roob cheeb tsam ntawm Russia

Tag nrho yav qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Russia rawv tus ciam teb toj siab. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj lawv uas hais Caucasus roob system ntawm Altai thiab Sayan, Baikal ridges. Caucasus Toj siab tus hluas. Lawv tsim tsis tau tas, thiab lawv muaj mus "loj hlob" feature. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub caj hauv 5000 m Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub Caucasus -. Elbrus. Ib txhia cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog cov feem ntau txaus ntshai. Muaj kuj yog loj qeeg yuav yog landslides, avalanches, av qeeg thiab pob zeb ntog.

Ural

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no muaj xws li tus dej thiab ib lub roob ntau nrog tib lub npe. Lub Ural Toj siab ncab los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb, ntau tshaj 2 000 km, los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab hnub tuaj - ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 150 km. Raws li nyob rau hauv lawv landforms, lub cheeb tsam no yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm Russia: North, South, Central, ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab subpolar. Ural Toj siab muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tag nrho lub xeev. Lawv pab raws li ib tug "barrier", thiab tsis nco lub txias Oceanic cua masses rau hauv lub teb chaws, li no tsim kom muaj ib tug continental hom ntawm kev nyab xeeb rau tag nrho lub teb chaws. Vim li no, txawv climates, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntog ntau nag lossis daus nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob tshaj nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj. Major hydrological system - ntau dej ntws, ntau tshaj 6 txhiab lub pas dej ..

Lavxias teb sab tiaj

East European Tiaj (Lavxias teb sab) yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog qab deb nws nyob rau hauv ntev. Nws ob lub npe - Lavxias teb sab - yog vim lub fact tias feem ntau ib feem lies tsis pub dhau lub ciam teb ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib lub npe. Loj - 4 vam txog sq. km. Tsis pub dhau tus ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Caspian Hiav txwv mus rau lub Arctic hiav txwv, nyob rau hauv thaj ciam teb ntawm lub xeev mus rau lub Ural Toj siab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj. Tiaj yog kuj ceeb tias uniform, raug. Nruab nrab qhov siab tsis tshaj lub qhov siab ntawm 200 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem. 6 cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv lub tiaj elevations ntawm 310-340 index m. Qhov no cheeb tsam tau undergone hloov anthropogenic.

Socio-economic zoning

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm socio-economic zoning faib 11 cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub zej zog ntawm hwv administrative units. cheeb tsam nyias txawv thaj chaw, keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau, muaj kev pab tej zaum thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kev lag luam sector. Tag nrho 11 cheeb tsam yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug ntau feature - lawv yuav mus rau ob macro cheeb tsam, Western thiab Eastern. Nyob rau hauv Western macro cheeb tsam 7 muaj xws li chaw nyob rau hauv East - 4.

• Lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Ib qho ntawm feem thaj nyuag loj cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub European ib feem. Nws muaj Vologda, Arkhangelsk thiab Murmansk cheeb tsam, lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia thiab Komi. Thiab qhov no muaj xws li cov Nenets Autonomous District. Los ntawm sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev yog hais txog Primorsky cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, uas yog nyob rau hauv coob cov tourists.
• Central cheeb tsam. Nws muaj xws li cov peev thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub tom ntej no 12 Federation.
• Central Dub ntiaj teb economic cheeb tsam. Nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub Central, ib tug ntawm cov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv loj, nws muaj 5 qhov chaw.
• Northwestern economic cheeb tsam. Nws muaj 4 moo thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws lub nroog - St. Petersburg.
• East-Siberian cheeb tsam. Ib tug loj economic cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Nws muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov mej zeej koom pheej 3: Buryatia, Khakassia thiab Tuva, lub Irkutsk cheeb tsam, lub Trans-Baikal thiab Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Far Eastern tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam economic cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Nws muaj xws li 9 kev tswj kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
• North-Caucasian cheeb tsam. Txawm hais tias cheeb tsam yog me me nyob rau hauv loj, tiam sis muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov thawj tswj cov chaw - 10. Qhov no tshiab koom pheej, koom sib ntaus sib tua rau lawv muaj kev ywj pheej.
• Volga-Vyatka economic cheeb tsam. Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob nkaus nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab tsis muaj lwm ciam teb rau lwm. Nws muaj xws li: Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvashia thiab Kirov cheeb tsam, Mordovia thiab Mari El.
• Volga economic koog tsev kawm ntawv. Nws muaj 8 yam kev kawm ntawm lub Federation.
• Ural economic koog tsev kawm ntawv. Xws li Perm, 4 tej thaj chaw, 2 republics - Bashkortostan thiab Udmurtia.
• Qhia cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, lub tom kawg yuav tau hu ua lub feem ntau nyob deb kawm - Kaliningrad cheeb tsam.