Fulminate ntawm mercury

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Johann Kunkel ua ntej tau txais mercury fulminate. Daim ntawv qhia rau zus tau tej cov no compound yog piav nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv, uas tau luam tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus alchemist. Tom qab tus foundations ntawm mercury fulminate tsis siv kom txog thaum 1800. raug ntawm cov compound daim ntawv qhia tau qhib Edward Howard. Zaum tau kawm ntau yam ntawm nws cov khoom. Lub caij nyoog tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov compound qhia tau Liebig txog 1824.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua ntej qhov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1807, lub xyoo Forsyth patented kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ua ib qho kev initiator ntawm av ntawm hmoov dub. Nyob rau hauv 1836, lub xyoo no nws yog tsim los ntawm rab phom, uas siv percussion igniter. Percussion primers nyob rau hauv Russia pib tsim los ntawm 1843, lub xyoo. Nobel nyob rau hauv 1867 yees lub blasting cap, uas twb tau muab siv nrog kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub av ntawm cov nplaum dynamite.

Mercury fulminate yog txaus lom compound. Tab sis nws cov ntsiab kev txaus ntshai, thaum nws puv, tsis yog tshuaj lom.

Tus qauv kuj tau deciphered rattlesnakes ntsev kiag li los ntawm 1890. Cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv science tau ua ntau nruj npe - fulminates ( "xob").

Rau ntau xyoo, mercury fulminate ignition them nyiaj ntawm gunpowder thiab cov nplaum dynamite. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo nws pib mus rau yuav siv tau, thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Piv txwv li, tus tshiab pib explosives - teneres thiab txhuas azide. Cov yav tas yog, raws li zaum, lub ntsiab niaj hnub no.

Mercury fulminate "ntshai" ntawm cov dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm ntawm provoking theem nrab kev ua compound thiab nquag yuav tsum tau ntxiv detonator.

Mercury fulminate muaj tuaj raws li gray los yog dawb crystalline hmoov. Nyob rau hauv qhuav daim ntawv teev siab rhiab heev rau kev poob siab, hluav taws kub, thiab lwm yam puas kuj. Lub tawg tshwm sim thaum nphav raug cov compound ntawm concentrated sulfuric acid. Decomposition mercury fulminate ua muaj zog acids, raws li zoo li boiling thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alkaline ntsev.

Formula mercury (tus nab) Hg (CNO) 2.

Los ntawm cov aqueous tov crystallization tshwm sim hemihydrate daj xim (vim lub xub ntiag ntawm impurities hydrolysis khoom). Tsis muaj zoo solubility nyob rau hauv ethanol.

Dawb kev hloov kho thiab exhibits ib tug hnov li kuj mus thermal thiab tshuaj kuj. Raug tshav - nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm irradiation pib yuav tsaus ntuj thiab tej khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tsim mercury.

Lub combustion tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 15.5 hli / s. Muaj mercury fulminate active tshuaj tiv thaiv uas magnesium los yog txhuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dej. Nws yuav ua rau ib qho kev tawg. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj hu rau ntawm mercury fulminate thiab cov hlau.

Lub qhuav compound pom ib tug txaus qeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tooj liab, silver, cadmium. Txawm li cas los ntawm lub xeev (ntub los yog qhuav) tsis hnov mob nrog cov hlau los yog hlau.

Thaum raug tshuab compound decomposes tsis exploding. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ib co peb caug feem pua av noo kiag loses nws rhiab heev. Thaum ib tug kub ntawm ntau tshaj li tsib caug degrees pib qeeb decomposition ntawm mercury fulminate. Qhov no tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv qhuav tej yam kev mob. Thaum ib tug kub ntawm 90-95 degrees rau ib tug ob peb hnub compound decomposes kiag li. Qhov no ntaub ntawv ib tug daj uas tsis yog-heev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Thaum muab cov compound mus rau 10% ntawm ethyl compound teev stability ntawm kub txog li eighty degrees.

Hlawv nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm compressed xoob, mus rau hauv av. Tseem ceeb sealing compound txhawb rau txoj kev poob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub pib tawg. Lub tshaj tawm los ntawm av ntawm 2300 m / s, yog hais tias tus ceev yog 1.25 g / cm3. Lub tshav kub ntawm cov tawg - 1,79 MJ / kg. Lub volume ntawm lub av khoom - 315 l / kg.

Nias yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug siab ntawm 250-300 kg / cm2 Blasting hau.