Pab Koomtes Hanseatic. Thawj cov lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag ua haujlwm hauv keeb kwm ntawm teb chaws Europe

Nyob hauv tebchaws Yelemes niaj hnub muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm ntawm keeb kwm sib txawv, cov pov thawj tias lub nroog xya lub xeev no yog cov saib xyuas ntawm kab lig kev cai ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntev, yeem siab thiab koom haum pab. Qhov no kos npe rau - Latin tsab ntawv H. Nws txhais tau hais tias lub nroog, uas pib nrog tsab ntawv daim ntawv tso cai cov phiaj, yog ib feem ntawm lub Hanseatic League. Cov ntawv HB ntawm tsheb yuav tsum nyeem raws li Hansestadt Bremen - "Hanseatic nroog ntawm Bremen", HL - "Hanseatic nroog ntawm Lübeck". Tsab ntawv H tseem tuaj yeem nyob rau cov nroog ntawm lub nroog Hamburg, Greifswald, Stralsund, Rostock thiab Wismar, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Hansa medieval.

Tus Hansa yog ib qho chaw ua haujlwm uas cov nroog German dawb tau koom rau hauv XIII-XVII centuries los tiv thaiv cov neeg lag luam thiab kev ua lag luam los ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm feudal lords, nrog rau kev sib koom nrog cov neeg sib tham. Lub koomhaum koom nrog lub zos uas muaj cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws no - cov pejxeem dawb, tsis zoo li cov vajntxwv thiab cov tswvcuab kev ua haujlwm, lawv tau ua raws li "urban law" (Luebeck, Magdeburg). Nyob rau hauv Hanseatic League, kwv yees li 200 lub nroog, xws li Berlin thiab Dorpat (Tartu), Danzig (Gdansk) thiab Cologne, Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad) thiab Riga, tau suav nrog ntau lub caij nyoog ntawm lawv lub neej. Yuav kom tsim yuav tsum tau rau tag nrho cov tub txawj tub ntse ntawm cov kev cai thiab kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv Lübeck, tau ua ib tug loj lub chaw rau maritime luam nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm lub North thiab Baltic Seas, tsis tu ncua mus rau lub congress koom union. Nyob rau hauv ib co European lub zos, yog mej zeej ntawm lub Hanseatic League, muaj "chaw ua hauj lwm" - cov ceg thiab tus neeg sawv cev chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Hanseatic League, kev tiv thaiv kev tsim nyog tau tiv thaiv cov encroachments ntawm lub zos princes thiab chaw. Cov "chaw ua haujlwm" loj tshaj plaws nyob rau London, Bruges, Bergen thiab Novgorod. Raws li txoj cai, "German yards" tau lawv tus kheej piers thiab warehouses, thiab lawv kuj raug zam los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov nqi thiab se.

Raws li qee tus historians niaj hnub, qhov kev tshwm sim uas tau pib tsim cov lag luam ntawm lub union yuav tsum muab xam tias lub hauv paus ntawm Lübeck hauv 1159. Lub Koom Haum Pob (Hanseatic League) yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev koom ua ke uas txhua tus neeg nrhiav tau lub hom phiaj - kev tsim kho kev sib raug zoo. Ua tsaug rau cov neeg lag luam hauv lub tebchaws sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws, cov khoom muag los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Qaum Teb Tebchaws Europe tuaj yeem tuaj: tua ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, quav, rye. Koggi (sailboats), loaded nrog ntsev, daim ntaub thiab caw, mus nyob rau hauv lub rov qab coj. Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua lub Hanseatic League pib muaj swb tom qab swb los ntawm lub teb chaws lub xeev, re-tawm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm nws cov nyiaj txiag kev txaus siab: England, lub Netherlands, lub Muscovite lub xeev, Denmark thiab Poland. Lub rulers ntawm lub teb chaws uas tau txais lub zog tsis xav poob nyiaj tau los ntawm cov khoom xa tawm, yog li ntawd lawv tshem tawm Hanseatic trading mev. Txawm li cas los, tus Hanse tau muaj txog thaum xyoo XVII. Qhov feem ntau cov neeg koom nrog kev koom tes tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb yog Lübeck - lub cim ntawm lub zog ntawm German cov tub lag luam, Bremen thiab Hamburg. Cov zos no hauv 1630 tau xaus lub koomhaum sib tw ua ke. Lub koom haum Hanseatic Union tau sib koom ua ke tom qab 1669. Nws yog ces hais tias lub xeem lub rooj sib tham tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lübeck, uas tau los ua qhov kawg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub Hanseatic League.

Analysis ntawm qhov kev paub ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov teb chaws Europe economic thiab cov lag luam tawm lub koom haum, nws achievements thiab miscalculations nthuav rau historians thiab rau niaj hnub businessmen thiab politicians uas nws minds yog preoccupied nrog European kev koom ua ke teeb meem.