Concentrated sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv lub muaj ntau lawm

Achievements ntawm cov tshuaj kev lag luam ntawm cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no txog hnub no los tsim tshiab tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv, siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshuaj tebchaw. Ib tug piv txwv yuav feeb meej sulfuric acid, uas yog heev nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ua lag luam.

Sulfuric acid muaj cov mis H2SO4, yog ib tug ua kua tsis muaj xim Pancake taub hau, uas thaum muaj 10,4 ° C yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug khoom crystalline loj. Concentrated sulfuric acid muaj 96,4% SO4, thiab nws ceev heev thiab nce mus txog 1,87 g / cm, uas ua nyob rau hauv 1 liter ntawm undiluted sulfuric acid nyhav txog 2 kg. Nws yog noteworthy tias yog hais tias lub acid yog yaj nyob rau hauv dej, nws kub yog considerably ntau zog, vim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau ntawd ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm hydrates. Qhov no zoo kawg li khoom ntiag tug yog dav siv los cais tawm ntau yam tshuaj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kub nce tsis tau tsuas yog dej, tab sis lwm yam khoom ua kua.

Concentrated sulfuric acid kuj yog siv rau txhuav gases, txij li thaum nws muaj lub peev xwm los nqus ib tug khub uas sib txawv kua. Cov tib cuab yeej yog vim charring ntawm ib co organic tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog carbohydrates, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub acid. Qhov tseeb hais tias carbohydrates muaj hydrogen thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv tib piv li lub H2SO4, uas ua rau hu ntawm cov tshuaj sulfuric acid sau ntawm cov dej carbohydrates, carbon yog tso tawm raws li carbon hmoov av.

Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov horticultural chiv feeb meej sulfuric acid, lub tshuaj zog uas tso cai rau nws siv raws li ib tug zoo oxidizing neeg sawv cev, nws kuj yog siv rau tshem lwm volatile acids ntawm cov ntsev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yuav ua tau kom tsim chiv, xws li superphosphate, ammonium sulfate thiab lwm tus neeg. Los ntawm oxidative zog, nws yog siv rau cov oxidation ntawm tag nrho cov co sawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kab ua ntej conjugation nyiaj inclusive, li no txoj kev ua ob series ntawm ntsev - sulfates (nruab nrab hom) thiab hydrosulfates (acid hom) cais tawm lub ester.

Sulfuric acid - ib tug heev caustic kua, uas kuj muaj tej vapors. Qhov siab tshaj plaws permissible tus nqi ntawm H2SO4 vapor concentration yog 1 mg / m3, uas tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm soj ntsuam nrog sulfuric acid, muab workwear thiab koj tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom. Feeb meej sulfuric acid, lub thaj chaw ntawm uas yog cov tsis tshua txaus ntshai rau tib neeg tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, yog siv nyob rau hauv cov nram no:

- muaj organic synthesis;

- zus tau tej cov tshuaj ntawv;

- tu ntawm cov roj cov khoom;

- tawv thiab hlau ua hauj lwm kev lag luam;

- zus tau tej cov dyes, yas, detergents thiab thiaj li nyob.

Sulfuric acid yog ua nyob rau hauv ob industrial txoj kev - nrog rau cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom hu (catalysts), thiab siv oxides ntawm nitrogen (cov pa roj nitrous txujci). Cov raw cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau ua leej faj, tab sis rau tej hom sulfuric acid yuav siv hlau sulfides. Industrially ua concentrated sulfuric acid, lub nram qab no: kev, roj ntawm vitriol, net (roj teeb), oleum (anhydride) thiab tus pej thuam.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum ib zaug dua tau kev nyaub siab hais tias lub sulfuric acid yog caustic tshuaj lom 2 teeb meem hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thaum txhaj mus rau hauv lub vapor nqus tau pa acid kub yus yog tsim ntawm lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau, nrog los ntawm tsausmuag hnoos, uas tej zaum yuav tsim mus rau hauv bronchitis, tracheitis , thiab laryngitis. Uas yog vim li cas thaum uas siv cov sulfuric acid zoo mloog yog them rau ib tug high degree ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm cov kua thiab lub ether tivthaiv ntawm no substance.