Nto moo physicists. Nto moo nuclear physicists

Kawm kev cai ntawm qhov txiv neej uas nws twb koom rau ob peb txhiab xyoo dhau los. Tsis muaj tsim nyog cov khoom, kev cai dab qhuas dictatorship, nyuaj nkag tau mus rau kev kawm ntawv rau cov neeg tsis muaj teeb meem loj lub xeev - tag nrho cov no yuav tsis nres qhov kev kawm ntawm scientific thought. Nto moo physicists los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no twb tau mus kawm yuav ua li cas mus rau kis cov lus qhia tshaj ntev ncua kev, tau txais hluav taws xob, thiab ntau npaum li cas, ntau npaum li cas. Yuav ua li cas yog cov npe ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov dab neeg no? Peb sau ib co ntawm cov feem ntau eminent tshwj xeeb.

Albert Einstein

Lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog yug los nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj xyoo 1879, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Ulm, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Albert pog koob yawg koob nyob hauv Swabia, ib ob peb puas xyoo, thiab nws tus kheej kom txog thaum kawg ob peb hnub tau khaws cia rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lawv cuab yeej cuab tam - hais tias nrog ib tug kov ntawm sab qab teb German sis. Kawm nyob rau hauv lub pej xeem lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ces nyob rau hauv high school, qhov twg los ntawm cov nyuam najnpawb natural sciences thiab cov sciences. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog 16 nws tau mastered tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau rau kev nkag mus university, tab sis ho tsis tau tiv nrog cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv cov lus. Cuaj kaum, tsis ntev nws los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Polytechnic University nyob rau hauv Zurich. Nws cov xib fwb twb nto moo physicists thiab mathematicians ntawm lub sij hawm, rau piv txwv, Hermann Minkowski, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tuaj mus nrog lub zoo meej mis rau cov kev qhia txog lub hom phiaj ntawm Relativity. Feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm, Einstein siv nyob rau hauv lub lab, los yog nyeem tej hauj lwm ntawm Maxwell, Kirchhoff thiab lwm yam ua cov kws txawj nyob rau hauv lub teb. Tom qab kev kawm tej lub sij hawm Albert yog ib tug xib hwb, thiab tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug kev kws muaj txuj patent chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau lub xyoo nyob rau hauv uas nws luam tawm ntau yam ntawm nws nto moo tej hauj lwm, qhuas nws rau lub ntiaj teb no. Nws hloov qhov uas cov neeg xav li cas txog qhov chaw yog ib tug mis uas puv loj rau hauv ib daim ntawv ntawm lub zog, thiab tsaug kawm molecular physics. Nws zoo tau sai muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog, thiab tus paub txog tsiv mus rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas, nyob qhov twg nws ua hauj lwm kom txog thaum nws tuag.

Nikola Tesla

Qhov no inventor ntawm lub Austro-Hungarian Empire, tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo physicist nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Eccentric cim thiab revolutionary discoveries ua rau nws nto moo thiab tshwm sim ob peb sau ntawv thiab producers rau kev siv ntawm nws cov duab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1856, thiab los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov lub hnub nyoog, raws li zoo li ntau lwm zoo-paub physics, nws pib mus qhia ib tug ib txwm mus pes tsawg sciences. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, nws nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm alternating tam sim no, fluorescent teeb thiab hloov mus rau lwm lub zog tsis muaj nyob ntawm tej, tau tsim ib tug tej thaj chaw deb tswj thiab ib txoj kev los kho tus mob kev poob siab, ua hluav taws xob moos, hnub ci engine, thiab ntau lwm yam uas txawv kiag li lawm, uas tau txais ntau tshaj li peb puas patents. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub xov tooj cua yog invented paub physics Popov thiab Marconi, tab sis tus thawj yog tseem Tesla. Niaj hnub nimno fais fais fab yog raws li thiaj tau tuaj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tau thiab discoveries. Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm thwmsim ntawm Nikola yog tus mus kawm rau qhov tam sim no muaj tsib caug kilometers. Nws tswj mus rau lub teeb ib tug ob peb puas qhov muag teeb tsis muaj nyob ntawm tej, tsim tau ib tug lossis loj ntauwd ntawm uas ya mus xob thiab xob quaj twb hnov tag nrho cov thoob lub zej zog. Spectacular thiab pheej hmoo ua mus tom ntej los ua nws trademark. Incidentally, tus zaj duab xis yog feem ntau pom hais tias nws los ntawm no xyov kev.

Isaak Nyuton

Muaj ntau zoo-paub physicists tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab, tab sis Newton yog ib tug zoo ntawm ib tug pioneer. Nws tej kev cai yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau niaj hnub tswv yim, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov foundations yog ib tug tiag tiag revolutionary txoj kev loj hlob. Chaw yug ntawm tus naas ej Englishman nyob rau hauv 1643. Los ntawm thaum yau nws xav nyob rau hauv physics thiab ntau lub xyoo sau tej hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv, astronomy thiab optics. Nws xub muaj kev tswj kom formulate qhov yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm qhov, uas nws zoo heev pab cov kawm hauj lwm. Tsis muaj zem uas Isaak Nyuton twb mus muaj koob muaj npe Society of London, thiab tau rau tej lub sij hawm, thiab nws cov thawj tswj hwm.

Lev Landau

Zoo li ntau lwm zoo-paub physicists, Landau yog feem ntau kom meej meej manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub theoretical kheej. Legendary Soviet paub txog yug los nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1908, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug engineer thiab ib tug kws kho mob. Nws brilliantly nyob rau hauv high school thiab cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Baku tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws pib kawm physics thiab Science News for KIDS. Rau kaum cuaj xyoo nws twb luam tawm plaub kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv. Ci ntsa iab hauj lwm tau lawm devoted rau txoj kev tshawb ntawm quantum lub xeev thiab ceev matrices, thiab electrodynamics. Landau tau tau muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug Soviet paub txog tau txais ob peb Stalin nqi zog, Hero ntawm Socialist Labor, yog ib tug mus saib xyuas tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Royal Society of London thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv teb chaws Academies ntawm Sciences. Nws collaborated nrog Heisenberg, Pauli thiab Bohr. Xeem pawg Landau yog tshwj xeeb yog muaj zog - nws lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub theories rau lub sib nqus ntawm free electrons.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Ua ib daim ntawv teev, uas yuav muaj xws li lub npe nrov tshaj physicists ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tsis hais lub npe. Dzheyms Klerk Maksvell yog ib tug British tus paub txog uas tsim classical electrodynamics. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1831, thiab twb yog cov 1860 th los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Society. Maxwell tsim lub teb chaws tus thawj physics kuaj nrog kev khoom. Muaj nws kawm electromagnetism, lub kinetic kev tshawb xav ntawm gases, optics, elasticity thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib tus thawj tswj los mus tsim ib tug ntaus ntawv rau cov quantitative ntsuas ntawm cov xim, tom qab ntawd hu ua lub Maxwell disk. Nyob rau hauv nws kev tshawb xav, nws muab tso ua ke tag nrho cov paub lus tseeb ntawm electrodynamics thiab nkag tau lub tswvyim ntawm xaav tam sim no, uas generates ib tug sib nqus teb. Maxwell qhia tag nrho cov cai nyob rau hauv lub plaub sib npaug. Lawv tsom xam tso cai rau kom qhia tau tias cov kev cai, uas yav tas los tsis paub.

Igor Kurchatov

Ib tug zoo-paub nuclear physicist ntawm lub Soviet Union kuj tsim nyog hais. Igor Kurchatov zus nyob rau hauv lub Crimea, muaj kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv. Txij li thaum xyoo 1924 pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho kev pab ntawm lub Department of Physics ntawm Azerbaijan Polytechnic lub koom haum, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws tau ntiav nyob rau hauv Leningrad. Rau kev vam meej txoj kev kawm ntawm dielectrics nws twb muab tsub lub kawm degree ntawm tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj, twb nyob rau hauv 1939 tau inducted rau hauv lub cyclotron lag luam. Igor Kurchatov coj ua hauj lwm rau nuclear tshua thiab coj lub Soviet atomic project. thawj nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag twb qhib nyob rau hauv nws. Kurchatov tsim thawj Soviet atomic thiab hydrogen bombs. Rau nws tau txais ob peb lub xeev txeeb thiab medals.