Explosives - lub ntsiab yooj yim, daim ntawv thov, kev faib

Ib tawg yog ib tug tsis tshua ceev txheej txheem nyob rau hauv hloov heev heev rhuab thiab Pa roj, uas nyob rau tib lub ceev ceev expansion ua txhua yam hauj lwm lub zog, crushing, thiab ncaws tawm tsis ua hauj lwm.

Explosives - tshuaj tebchaw thiab mixtures uas, thaum lub zoo ntawm sab nraud cawv pib los mus tso tshav kub thiab rau rhuab gases nyob rau hauv tej.

Explosions feem ntau zoo ib yam li cov burning ntawm thee, ntoo thiab lwm yam ntau combustibles. Qhov txawv tsuas nyob rau hauv lub combustion ceev - nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tawg nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm ib tug thib ob. Los ntawm no peb yuav deduce ob theem pib hom ntawm transformation ntawm explosions:

1. Hlawv uas zog yog kis los ntawm ib tug txheej mus rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm conduction. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tej tshuaj - hmoov.
2. Av uas tus ceev expansion ntawm roj cua. Ceev shockwave li yuav ncav cuag cov kev ceev ntawm lub suab. Tej explosives: TNT, RDX, ammonium.

Yuav pib cov txheej txheem ntawm tawg, nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm ib tug sab nraud tej yam nyob rau hauv lub heev compound. Muaj ob peb txoj kev raug:

• cov neeg kho tshuab - poob siab, kev sib txhuam, prick;
• Science News for KIDS - tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug heev tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxiv xwb;
• Thaum tshav kub kub - muaj, thaum tshav kub kub, o;
• av - kev siv ntawm cov tawg ntawm ib tug tshuaj compound tom ntej no mus rau lwm yam.

Classification nyob rau hauv rhiab heev ntawm explosives

Pib - yog rhiab heev thiab muaj feem av. Tej yam kev ruaj ntseg ntaus ntawv muab tso rau hauv cais - cap, fuse, detonator hau.

Blasting - siv rau mines, zoo li, tej tawg hem, rockets, etc. Muab faib raws li lub peev xwm rau tus muaj hwj huam heev tshuaj (hexogen, tetryl), ib txwm muaj hwj chim (melinite, TNT, tsim) thiab tsis muaj zog (ammonium nitrate thiab nws cov ntau mixtures).

nce hwj chim tshuaj uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv admixture nrog ib tug phlegmatizer, uas txo lawv cov nyhav mus rau sab nraud raug pa. Tej zaum lawv kuj yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj lug txhim khu cov tawg hwj chim los yog raws li ib nrab detonator.

Txawb ub txawb - ob ntau hom kev gunpowder, pyrotechnic mixtures, lub hnub qub zoo li, mines, tej tawg hem, flares.

Tag nrho cov explosives yog yus tshaj tawm los ntawm av ntawm heev transformation thaum tshav kub kub, rhiab heev, tshuaj lom neeg kuj, siab heev, blasting, ceev, ntev ntawm operability, lub cev xeev ntawm aggregation.

Cov yooj yim tshaj plaws cov khoom nyob rau tib lub sij hawm - explosiveness thiab siab heev.

Explosiveness - lub peev xwm los phua thiab puas khoom. Explosiveness nyob ntawm sai npaum li cas gases ua nyob rau hauv lub tawg. Lub siab dua cov cuab yeej no zoo suited rau heev mines, zoo li, tej tawg hem, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov tawg yuav qualitatively fragmented projectile plhaub splinters thiab yuav muaj tus loj tshaj ceev thiab lub poob siab yoj. Lub tshaj tawm los ntawm av yog tseem ncaj qha mus txog rau lub blasting.

High heev - ib tug qhia ntawm lub peev xwm ua kom puas thiab muab pov tseg cov khoom los ntawm ib tug muab thaj tsam ntawm lub tawg. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no ua tau zoo heev. Tus nqi ntawm cov pa uas yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub tawg thiab txiav txim seb tus nqi siab heev.

Ntau explosives yog siv rau txawv hom phiaj. Mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub mines thiab qho to, crushing dej khov rau hauv dej ntws thiab oceans tsim nyog tshuaj nrog lub siab tshaj plaws high-heev, thiab yuav ua tau tej explosiveness. Piv txwv li, tej zaum nws yuav ammonium. Zus tau tej cov zoo li, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, siv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw mas brisant heev zoo li thiab kuj tsis tshua muaj - xws li plastids.