Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin: zog, kev nom kev tswv views, yees duab, biography

Boris Chicherin yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws Westerners thib ob ib nrab ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Nws sawv cev hauj sim mas tis, yog ib tug supporter ntawm lub dabtsi nrog cov tub ceev xwm. Vim hais tias ntawm no, nws yog feem ntau criticized los ntawm contemporaries. Lub Soviet tsoom fwv tsis nyiam Chicherina rau thuam socialism. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog niaj hnub no peb yuav impartially ntsuam xyuas cov nqi ntawm cov kev ua ub.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin yug rau hli ntuj 7, 1828. Nws yog ib tug neeg uas Tambov noble tsev neeg. Nws txiv yog ib tug muaj kev vam meej businessman, muag dej cawv. Boris muab thawj-yug cov niam txiv (nws muaj rau cov kwv tij thiab ib tug muam). Tag nrho cov me nyuam tau txais ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1844, Boris thiab nws tus tij laug Basil (leej txiv rau yav tom ntej neeg Commissar rau txawv teb chaws Affairs ntawm lub USSR), nws tsiv mus rau Moscow rau nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Xib Fwb ntawm cov tub hluas los ua tseem ceeb mas Westerner Timofey Granovsky. Nws qhia nws protégé mus rau kev cai lij choj lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws tau ua.

Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1849. Lub sij hawm ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb heyday Nicholas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua raws li lub yeej ntawm lub Decembrists. Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm qhia tau txwv, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis nyiam cov mas mus ob peb vas ntawm cov pejxeem. Boris Chicherin koom cia li mus rau lub interlayer. Lwm highlight ntawm nws cov hluas los ua European revolutions ntawm 1848, uas ho pab cov tsim ntawm nws views.

Cov feem ntau cov tawm yog cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Cov txiv neej kaj siab lug txais cov thawj cov xov xwm ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis tom qab muab rau xws li ib tug txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov laus hnub nyoog, nws leaned mus rau lub tswv yim hais tias lub xeev yuav tsis vam meej jumps. Kiv puag ncig - tsis yog ib qho kev xaiv. Peb tab tom nrhiav rau gradual kho es "quackery demagogues", hais lus hauv lub taub hau ntawm disgruntled neeg coob coob. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub chim siab nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig, Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin yog ib tug tsis nrug. Rau Russia, nws yeej tau los ua tus founder ntawm kev cai lij choj.

Nyob rau hauv Nicholas Lavxias teb sab

Lub starting taw tes rau kev nom kev tswv thiab philosophical views txawj xav nyob qhia Hegel. Chicherin nws thiaj li reinterpreted nws metaphysical system. Thinker ntseeg hais tias muaj plaub tsis pib - hauv paus ua kom, tsim nyog thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li tus ntsuj plig los yog lub tswv yim (uas yog lub hom phiaj). Nyob rau hauv ib haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov phenomena yog reflected - civil zej zog, tsev neeg, lub tsev teev ntuj thiab hauv lub xeev. Hegel sib cav hais tias teeb meem thiab lub siab - nws tsuas yog ib tug manifestation ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv cov mis no txhais tau tias ib txoj cai hais tias tsoom fwv absorbs tag nrho lwm cov koom haum (tsev neeg, tsev teev ntuj, thiab hais txog. D.). Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin repelled los ntawm cov kev xav, tab sis ho tsis pom zoo nrog nws. Nws ntseeg hais tias tag nrho plaub lub saum toj no-piav phenomena yog muaj sib npaug thiab sib npaug. Nws nom tswv views thoob plaws lub neej raws li nyob rau hauv no yooj yooj yim txaus premise.

Nyob rau hauv 1851 Chicherin dhau lub xeem thiab los ua ib tug tswv. Nws thesis yog nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm rau pej xeem hauv tsev nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Lub views ntawm lub professors ntawm lub era nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ua raws li qhov dawb huv lub tswv yim ntawm Nicholas kuv ntawm "Orthodoxy, autocracy thiab haiv neeg." Yog li ntawd, cov conservatives tsis tau txais tswv yim sib cav Chicherin, raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv nws thuam cov nom tswv system ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo. Ib tug ob peb xyoos hluas vainly pestered professors tias cov ntawv nyeem yog tseem "dhau". Ua nws tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1856. Qhov no hnub yog tsis lo. Nyob rau hauv xyoo ntawd, Nicholas kuv twb tuag, thiab lub zwm txwv yog nws tus tub Alexander II. Ib tug tshiab era pib rau Russia, thaum lub sij hawm uas tej "fronderskie" thesis tau noj nrog tus so.

Westerner thiab statesman

Los ntawm ib tug ideological taw tes ntawm view, biography Chicherina Borisa Nikolaevicha yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua si ntawm Westerners. Twb ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog, nws attracted tus mloog ntawm lub teb chaws txawj ntse zej zog. Nws tsab xov xwm, luam tawm nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm Alexander II ntawm, nyob rau hauv 1858, tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib phau ntawv "Thwmsim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj." No sau yog tabtom xam tau tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov keeb kwm-kev cai lij choj los yog lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev cai lij choj. Chicherin ua nws cov pioneer par nrog Konstantin Kavelin thiab Sergeem Solovevym.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no sib ntseeg hais tias tsoom fwv yog lub ntsiab tsav tsheb quab yuam kev tag nrho lub teb chaws. Chicherin kuj tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm enslavement thiab emancipation ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Nws saib yog tias nyob rau ib tej theem ntawm cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg los mus tiv thaiv cov emergence ntawm serfdom. Qhov no yog vim tus economic thiab kev ua. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub yuav tsum tau tau xwb. Historians, statesmen advocated qhov liberation ntawm lub peasants.

journalistic kev ua ub no

Alexander II, uas tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1855, poob rau hauv lub Crimean ua tsov ua rog, pom tau hais tias lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo. Nws txiv khaws cia Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg yog khov, li ntawd, yuav hais lus, fwm mob. Tam sim no rau tag nrho cov teeb meem wb nce lub toj tawm. Thiab thawj ntawm tag nrho - lub neeg pluag lo lus nug. Hloov yog muaj tam sim ntawd. Nws launched ib tug pej xeem kev sib tham. Nws puv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm ntawv xov xwm. Liberals yog tus "Lavxias teb sab Gazette" Slavophiles "Lavxias teb sab kev sib tham." Nyob rau hauv kev sib tham hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab economic teeb meem muab kev koom tes thiab Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich.

Westerner tau sai sai los ua ib tug nrov thiab pom tau hais tias neeg sau xov xwm. Twb tau nyob rau nws cov tub ntxhais hluas, nws tsim nws tus kheej style, muaj raws nyob rau hauv ntau neeg ua tim khawv rau qhov ntev keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Chicherin tsis yog ib tug radical mas thiab "fighter tiv thaiv cov tsoom fwv." Nws ntseeg hais tias cov monarchy yuav tsum tau tiv nrog lub teeb meem uas tau sau, hais tias kev zoo kho. Ua hauj lwm-kev cai ywj pheej journalist pom kev pab rau cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tsis raug puas tsuaj. Cov kawm ntawv seem ntawm cov haiv neeg yuav tsum tau qhia rau hauv lub xeev thiab pab kom nws txoj kev txiav txim. Cov neeg no tsis npliag lus. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Alexander II tau nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm txhua txhua hnub rau tag nrho cov nom tswv cov koom haum, cais thiab muab piv rau lawv. Tus huab tais twb tseem muaj cuab kav nrog tej hauj lwm Chicherin. Los ntawm cov xwm, tus huab tais tsis yog ib tug Westerner, tab sis nws pragmatism yuam kom concessions, "cov pej xeem zoo".

Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich tseem ib tug supporter ntawm absolutism kuj vim hais tias nws xav tias qhov no system zoo thaum nws los txog rau ua unpopular kev txiav txim siab. Yog hais tias lub autocratic hwj chim txiav txim siab kho, nws yuav tsum tau ua tsis tau saib cov Parliament, thiab lwm yam hauv daim ntawv ntawm txheem. huab tais ua ib ntsug system kev daws teeb meem sai sai thiab tej yam ua ke. Yog li ntawd, cov los ntawm UFW ntawm cov centralisation ntawm lub hwj chim yeej ib txwm tau thiab Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich. Westerners dig muag mus rau lub faults ntawm lub cev, ntseeg hais tias lawv yuav dhau rau lawv tus kheej, thaum lub tsoom fwv ua tus thawj yuav tsum pom.

Kev tsis txaus siab nrog lug txhawb cov miv

Nyob rau hauv Soviet cov phau ntawv sau txog tej Chicherina Borisa Nikolaevicha xam tau tias yog xws li thiab tsis tag. Socialist tsoom fwv sib cov nyom ntau yam tswv yim uas tiv thaiv tus kws lij choj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, nws tau criticized los ntawm ntau ntawm nws cov khub Westerners. Nws twb kev cob cog rua nrog lub fact tias Chicherin advocated ib tug hais nruab nrab nrog cov tub ceev xwm. Nws tsis tau sim mus cia li hloov, kev coj tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub siab lub 1848 xyoo.

Piv txwv li, tus kws ntseeg hais tias cov zoo tagnrho lub xeev yuav tsum sawv cev lub cev, xws li cov Parliament. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tsis pom cov tej yam kev mob rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm tej tsev. Society twb tseem tsis tau txaus tsim rau lawv cov tsos. Nws yog ib tug kuas txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv feudal Russia, nrog rau nws pawg ntawm cov peasantry illiteracy thiab kev passivity ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem tsuas muaj tsis tsim ib tug nom tswv kab lis kev cai uas yuav tsum tau muab piv nrog rau tus txheej txheem Western. Feem ntau ntawm cov liberals thiab haters autocracy xav lwm yam. Cov neeg ntseeg Chicherina yuav luag ib accomplice ntawm lub tsoom fwv.

Piv txwv li, Herzen piv nws mus rau Saint-Cia li - mastermind ntawm lub ntshai thiab lub Jacobin dictatorship nyob rau hauv revolutionary Fabkis. Chicherin tau ntsib nws nyob rau hauv London nyob rau hauv 1858. Herzen nyob rau hauv exile, qhov twg ua tsaug rau nws active journalistic kev ua ub no muaj ib tug zoo feem nyob rau lub xeev ntawm Lavxias teb sab minds. Chicherin nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau thuam ntawm tus sau ntawm tus tshiab "Leej twg yog txhaum?" Teb hais tias nws "tsis paub yuav ua li cas kom ib tug tsim nyog nruab nrab." Cov noob kab mob ntawm ob mas sau ntawv tuaj rau tsis muaj dab tsi, thiab lawv ncaim nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev pom zoo, tab sis yog muaj rau txhua tus lwm yam kev sib nrig sib hwm.

thuam ntawm bureaucracy

Zaj liv xwm thiab publicist Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin, uas nws ua hauj lwm tsis thuam lub hauv paus ntawm lub autocratic system (ib hwj chim ntawm tus huab tais), nws tib leeg xwb lwm yam cuab tsis muaj zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab xeev. Nws pom tau hais tias ib tug loj qhov khuam nyob rau hauv tus thawj tswj system yog cov kev cai ntawm lub bureaucracy. Vim li no, txawm lub intellectuals, mus cuag ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub neej, peb yuav tsum mus rau cov ua hauj lwm pom tau tias Chicherin BN

Cov biography ntawm tus txiv neej no - ib tug neeg uas lub biography ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg uas tau tiav zoo los ntawm nws kev mob siab thiab txuj ci. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias tus kws pom qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov emergence ntawm ib tug cohesive txheej ntawm influential tswv tsev uas favored mas kho. Nws yog cov txawj ntse thiab muaj nplua nwj neeg yuav ua ib qho chaw khuam rau lub dominance ntawm cov pob txha ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv ib tes, thiab anarchy, teem los ntawm qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau lwm yam.

Tsis voos bureaucratic thiab inefficient system yog repugnant ntau, thiab nyob rau hauv cov series, tsis muaj tsis ntseeg, yog Chicherin BN biography ntawm tus kws muaj xws li nthuav thiab tseem ceeb qhov tseeb. Tom qab nws los ua ib tug xib fwb, nws yuav tsum rank xeev councilor. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg sau xov xwm tsis kam nws thiab tsis tau txais lub cim nyob rau hauv lub qeb duas txawm "rau cov yeeb yam". Qub txeeg qub teg uas nws tau txais los ntawm lub txiv ntawm tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes. Yog txawj ntse thiab ceev faj tus tswv tsev, Chicherin yuav txuag tau lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsim thiab generated nyiaj tau los. Qhov nyiaj no pub siv lub sij hawm rau cov pej xeem kev pab, thiab kev creativity.

Tom qab lub abolition ntawm serfdom

Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg pluag kho kom zoo Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin (1828-1904) mus rau ib qho chaw twg rau teb chaws Europe. Thaum nws rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw, lub teb chaws los ua sib txawv kiag li. Serfdom twb abolished, thiab ib haiv neeg nraus los ntawm kev tsis sib haum txog Russia lub neej yav tom ntej. Kws ntawv tam sim ntawd muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv no controversy. Nws txaus siab rau txoj cai nyob rau hauv nws endeavor thiab hu ua cai 19 Lub ob hlis ntuj 1861 xyoo, "qhov zoo tshaj plaws monument rau Lavxias teb sab cai". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub ob loj universities nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws (Moscow thiab St. Petersburg) tau intensified tus menyuam kawm ntawv lub zog. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tau nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm slogans, xws li nom tswv sawv daws yuav. Cov thawj coj ntawm kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev rau tej lub sij hawm fluctuated thiab tsis paub tias yuav ua li cas rau li cas rau excitement. Ib txhia professors txawm sympathized nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Chicherin ua rau kev sib tham yuav tsum menyuam kawm ntawv uas xav txog lawv ncaj qha kev kawm (kev txhim kho ntawm tej yam kev mob thiab thiaj li nyob. D.). Tab sis anti-tsoom fwv slogans txawj sau ntawv thuam, xav tias lawv ib txwm hluas zog tuaj fervor hais tias tsis muaj zoo yuav tsis tau.

Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich, uas nws nom tswv views yog, ntawm chav kawm, yog Westernized, cuaj kaum ntseeg tias lub teb chaws ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov xav tau kev txiav txim. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav hu ua mas enjoying cov kev tiv thaiv los yog conservative. Nws yog tom qab 1861 zoo Chicherina thaum kawg tsim. Lawv coj rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas tau lub npe hu rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv, cov kws ntawv piav qhia hais tias lub conservative siab - ib tug reconciliation ntawm pib ntawm txoj cai thiab lub hwj chim thiab pib ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej. Qhov no kab lus los ua nrov nyob rau hauv senior tsoom fwv voj voog. Nws heev ntawm ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab mus Alexander II - tub huabtais Alexander Gorchakov.

Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj ntsiab cai tseem tsis tau muaj ua siv rau yav tom ntej kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub tsoom fwv. Tsis muaj zog lub hwj chim thiab muaj kev txwv kev ntsuas - ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas tuab nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich. Luv luv biography ntawm tus kws hais tias nws lub neej twb tsis ntev cim los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Nws cov khoom thiab cov phau ntawv nrov nrog tus huab tais. Ib tug ncaj qha txim ntawm tus yeeb yam no yog lub caw Chicherina ua ib tug neeg cob thiab xib fwb Nikolai Alexandrovich - txais mus rau lub zwm txwv. Zaj liv xwm zoo siab hlo txais.

Tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub crown tub huabtais

Txawm li cas los, qee ntaus sai sai. Nyob rau hauv 1864, Nikolay Aleksandrovich mus rau cov tsoos mus txawv tebchaws los cov teb chaws Europe. Ntawm nws cov attendants thiab yog Chicherin Boris Nikolaevich. Cov duab no txawj sau ntawv nquag mus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, nws tau los ua ib tug tseem ceeb daim duab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nws yuav tsum tau mus ib ntus tso lawv journalistic kev ua ub no. Nws yog tibneeg hu tauj coob thiab txais, Ntxiv, Florence poob mob nrog typhus. Chicherina mob yog phem, tab sis nws mam li nco dheev zoo tu qab tso. Tab sis nws me nyuam kawm ntawv Nikolai Alexandrovich tsawg hmoo. Nws tuag ntawm tubercular meningitis nyob rau hauv zoo nyob rau hauv 1865.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv tus kheej zoo thiab tus npaj txhij txog kev tuag ntawm tus txais mus rau lub rooj huas tias yog tau pab los ntawm Chicherin. Nws ua ntau kev cai dab qhuas. Nyob rau tib lub Nikolai Alexandrovich xib fwb kuv pom ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub peev xwm mus ntxiv mas kho ntawm nws txiv. Lub sij hawm tau pom hais tias tus tshiab txais muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug neeg tshiab lawm. Tom qab lub assassination ntawm Alexander II, Alexander III curtailed kho kom zoo. Thaum nws pib tom ntej no yoj lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (raws li nyob rau hauv Nicholas I). Chicherin nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no. Nws muaj peev xwm saib tus kheej txog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lawv tus kheej kev ntshaw txog cov me nyuam Tsar-Liberator.

Xib Fwb thiab txawj sau ntawv

Thaum zoo tu qab tso thiab rov qab mus rau Russia, Chicherin pib qhia ntawv rau hauv Moscow University. Nws pib lub feem ntau fruitful lub sij hawm ntawm kev creativity. Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 60s. tsis tu ncua luam tawm yuav tsum muaj cov phau ntawv, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm tus sau hais txog lub xeev thiab kev system ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1866, lub philosopher thiab historian, sau rau hauv phau ntawv "Nyob rau hauv Sawv cev ntawm cov neeg." Nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm no ua hauj lwm Chicherin txais hais tias ib tug kev cai monarchy yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev nom kev tswv system, tab sis Russia twb tseem tsis tau tsim tus tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau nws kev pom zoo.

Nws ua hauj lwm tseem yuav luag tsis paub nyob rau hauv lub hnyav sector ntawm cov pej xeem. Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin rau lub liberals ntawm lub sij hawm uas muaj ib zaug hais frankly thiab openly - mus sau ib phau ntawv tob, zaum nyob rau hauv Russia yog meaningless. Xijpeem radical ntawm UFW ntawm kev cai ywj pheej thiab kiv puag ncig, los yog yuav nco lawv raws li lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom. Txoj hmoo ntawm Chicherin raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv, thiab qhov tseeb yog tsis meej xwm. Criticized los ntawm nws lub contemporaries, nws twb tsis txais thiab lub Soviet cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Russia rau thawj lub sij hawm nws phau ntawv tau raug mus rau ib qho txaus, lub hom phiaj kev ntsuam xyuas yog cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem no.

Nyob rau hauv 1866, Boris Chicherin cog lus rau kev qhia thiab kev mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau composing scientific phau ntawv. Kws ntawv, resigned nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam. Nws thiab ob peb mas professors (kuj demonstratively tso lawv txoj haujlwm) kev ua angered rector ntawm Moscow State University Sergei Barsheva. Nws, ua ke nrog ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub Ministry of Education sim mus cuag cov kev tso cai ntawm ob tug conservative cov xib fwb, txawm hais tias cov kev ua yog tooj mus rau Charter.

Tom qab no scandal Chicherin tsiv mus rau tsev neeg thaj av Karaul nyob rau hauv Tambov xeev. Nws pheej sau tau, tshwj tsis yog lub sijhawm 1882-1883, thaum nws raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub nroog Moscow. Raws li ib tug pej xeem xam, tus kws sau ntawv tau daws tau ntau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws coj ib feem hauv lub koob tsheej ntawm lub coronation ntawm Alexander III.

Ua haujlwm loj

Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws phau ntawv tso tseg tom Qab Chicherin Boris Nikolayevich? "Philosophy of Law", luam tawm xyoo 1900, yog nws txoj haujlwm ua tiav kawg. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, tus kws sau ntawv tau siv cov kauj ruam loj. Lub tswv yim hais tias kev cai lij choj muaj peev xwm muaj nws tus kheej lub tswv yim yog cov nyom los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig positivist. Tab sis Chicherin, raws li ib txwm, tsis xav rov qab los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm feem coob, tiam sis siv xwm yeem thiab khov kho tiv thaiv nws txoj hauj lwm.

Ua ntej, nws tau txiav txim siab txog qhov kev xav thoob plaws tias txoj cai yog ib txoj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev txaus siab. Qhov thib ob, tus neeg sau tau tig mus rau qhov kev paub ntawm lub tswv yim qub. Los ntawm cov neeg Keeb Kwm thaum ub nws tau muab lub tswv yim ntawm "natural law" los tsim nws thiab hloov nws mus rau Lavxias teb sab tseeb ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Chicherin ntseeg tias txoj cai yuav tsum pib los ntawm kev lees paub ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ywj pheej.

Niaj hnub no peb muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias tus founder ntawm Lavxias teb sab science yog precisely Boris Nikolaevich Chicherin. Nws tau sau txog kev tsim tawm thiab lwm yam kev xav ntawm cov hluas thaum muaj hnub nyoog hauv ntau cov khoom. Nyob hauv 80-90's. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau koom ncaj nraim rau hauv theoretical sab ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Nws tau sau cov phau ntawv tseem ceeb: "Khoom thiab Lub Xeev" (1883), thiab "Course of State Science" (1896).

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim teb cov lus nug: qhov twg yog qhov kev txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj cov cuab yeej, dab tsi yog qhov "zoo rau pej xeem, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm bureaucracy, etc." Piv txwv, thaum kev txheeb xyuas lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub xeev hauv kev lag luam hauv lub teb chaws, Chicherin thuam ntau cuam tshuam ntawm hwj chim ua. Lub theorist ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv qhov no ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yuav tsum yog ib tug private teg num.

Boris Chicherin tuag rau lub Ob Hlis 16, 1904. Ib lub lim tiam ua ntej ntawd, Russo-Japanese War tau pib. Lub teb chaws thaum kawg nkag mus hauv nws lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tag nrho ntawm kev quab yuam thiab cov ntshav (thawj thawj zaug tsis ntev tom ntej). Tus kws sau ntawv tsis pom cov xwm txheej no. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej nws paub txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm nom tswv radicalism thiab sim nrog tag nrho nws tej zaum los mus tiv thaiv ib tug kev teeb meem.