Yuav ua li cas yog txhais raws li qhov correlation coefficient thiab tus nqi ntawm

Nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, txhua yam yog sib thooj,, qhov chaw nws yog pom mus rau tus liab qab qhov muag, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub neeg twb tsis paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm xws li ib tug kev sib raug zoo. Cuaj kaum, statistics, thaum xa mus rau lub kev sib nrig sib dependence, feem ntau siv lub sij hawm "correlation". Nws muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub economic ntaub ntawv. Wb sim kom paub tseeb dab tsi yog qhov essence ntawm cov tswvyim no, dab tsi yog qhov yam thiab yuav ua li cas los txhais lus rau qhov tseem ceeb tau.

notion

Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov correlation? Raws li txoj cai, qhov no lub sij hawm no implies ib tug statistical kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tug los yog ntau tshaj tsis. Yog hais tias koj hloov tau tus nqi ntawm ib tug los yog ntau tshaj ntawm lawv, nws inevitably muaj feem xyuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov lwm leej lwm tus. Rau cov zauv txhais ntawm kev quab yuam tej interdependence yog ib qho siv ib tug ntau yam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug parameter tsis ua rau ib tug tej yam ntuj tso kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub lwm yam, tab sis tej yam rau ib yam ntawm cov statistical yam ntxwv parameter, xws li ib tug kev sib raug zoo tsis yog ib tug correlation, tab sis cia li tshwm.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub zoo dua li cas lub correlation, cia delve rau hauv zaj dabneeg. Qhov no lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm lub Fabkis paleontologist Zhorzha Kyuve. Qhov no paub txog tau tsim ib tug thiaj li hu ua "kev cai lij choj ntawm correlation" nruab nrog cev thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov nyob quavntsej, uas tso cai rau koj los lub tsos ntawm ib tug ancient cov pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj, nrog xwb ib co ntawm nws seem muaj. Nyob rau hauv statistics, qhov no lo lus tuaj mus rau hauv kev siv nyob rau hauv 1886 nrog rau lub teeb tes ntawm cov lus Askiv statistics thiab biologist Francis Galton. Tus heev title ntawm lub sij hawm tau pom nws txhais: tsis yog thiab tsis yog kev sib txuas lus - «piv», thiab cov kev sib raug zoo nrog txhua lwm yam yog ib yam dab tsi qhia - «co-piv». Txawm li cas los, kom meej meej piav qhia lej hais tias qhov no correlation yuav tsuas tus menyuam kawm ntawv Galton, ib tug biologist thiab mathematician Karl Pearson (1857 - 1936). Nws yog nws leej twg ua ntej coj leej mis rau xam cov coj coefficients.

khub correlation

Yog li ntawd peb hu rau ib tug kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tug tej qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nws yog muaj pov thawj hais tias lub xyoo nqi ntawm advertising nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog ze ze rau qhov luaj li cas ntawm tag nrho cov domestic khoom. Nws yog Kwv yees hais tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1956 mus 1977 vajtswv correlation coefficient yog 0,9699. Lwm cov piv txwv - tus naj npawb ntawm cov mus ntsib mus rau cov khw hauv internet thiab qhov ntim ntawm nws cov kev muag khoom. Cov sib raug zoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov qhov tseem ceeb li kev muag khoom ntawm npias thiab cov huab cua kub, qhov nruab nrab kub rau ib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no thiab ua ntej xyoo, thiab hais txog. D. Yuav ua li cas los txhais lus rau tus coefficient ntawm khub correlation? Tam sim no, peb nco ntsoov hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug nqi los ntawm -1 mus rau 1, nyob rau ib tug tsis zoo pes tsawg qhia qhov rov qab, thiab lub zoo - ncaj qha dependence. Lub tsev loj count tau, ntau dua qhov lub magnitude ntawm lub hwj rau txhua lwm yam. Tus nqi ntawm xoom nruab nrab yog cov tsis muaj kev cia siab rau tus nqi tsawg tshaj li 0.5 qhia cov neeg pluag, thiab lwm yam - kom meej meej txhais kev sib raug zoo.

Pearson tus correlation

Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi teev ntsuas ntau yam rau suav siv rau qhov taw qhia (Fechner coefficient Spearman, Kendall thiab t. D.). Thaum soj ntsuam luv qhov tseem ceeb, feem ntau siv qhov taw qhia, yees Karlom Pirsonom. Qhov no piv qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm linear kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tsis. Thaum tib neeg tham txog sib txheeb, feem ntau ntawm nws thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab. Qhov no qhia tau ua thiaj li nrov hais tias nws muaj lub mis nyob rau hauv Excel thiab yuav ua tau tswv yim heev yog tias koj xav kom koj to taub dab tsi lub correlation yog, tsis muaj mus rau hauv lub intricacies ntawm complex qauv. Cov syntax ntawm no muaj nuj nqi yog ib yam uas rau hauv daim ntawv: Pearson (array1, array2). Raws li tus thawj thiab thib ob arrays ntawm tus xov tooj coj feem ntau pawg yog hom twg.