Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem? Yuav ua li cas yog cov chav kawm ntawm tshuaj. Qhov txawv ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv peb lub neej peb yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab yam khoom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub qhov rais, qhov rooj, rooj, teeb, khob, nyob rau hauv txoj kev - lub tsheb tsheb, asphalt. Tej lub cev los yog khoom muaj li ntawm teeb meem. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau tham hais tias xws li ib yam khoom.

Yuav ua li cas yog Science News for KIDS?

Qhov no ntuj science uas kawm cov organic thiab inorganic tshuaj, lawv cov qauv, lub zog thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshuaj tshua. Science News for KIDS belongs rau ib qho ntawm lub sab qhov chaw ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev kawm thiab tau kawm cov kev sib tshuam ntawm molecules thiab atoms. Nws muab ib tug ntshiab notion ntawm dab tsi yog ib tug yeeb tshuaj, thiab yog heev zoo txuas nrog physics thiab biology, thiab yog li ntawd yog hais txog lub ntuj sciences.

Tus nqi ntawm Science News for KIDS nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej

Minerals, muaj sia nyob, pob zeb thiab cov cua yog muaj li ntawm txawv ratios ntawm lub tib yam. Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm animate thiab tswg xwm nyob rau hauv uas molecules yog tsim los ntawm tej yam tshuaj hais. Tseem ceeb heev rau lub livelihoods ntawm peb biosphere yuav ib lub voj voog ntawm cov tshuaj hais.

Ib tug txiv neej lub neej yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau muaj cov khoom (khoom noj khoom haus, cov vitamins, tshuaj, kom hniav zoo nkauj tshuaj, khoom cua fibers, siv cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim tsev thiab varnishes, chiv thiab ntau lwm yam).

Molecules thiab atoms

Tej yam khoom uas muaj li ntawm heev me me hu ua lwg me me (los ntawm Latin - loj). Tag nrho cov molecules muaj ntau me me hais - atoms, los yog es, ntawm lub cores uas yog surrounded los ntawm puab thiab txheej electrons txoj kev tshuaj bonds. Atoms muaj ib yam hnyav, thiab yog li ntawd nyob tus yeees ntawm teeb meem yog qhov. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov molecule tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj tshua, tsom xam cov tshuaj tebchaw thiab siv lub cev txoj kev. Lub atoms nyob rau hauv lub lwg me me yog kev cob cog rua los ntawm tshuaj bonds. Me me hais nyob rau hauv ib tug qauv yuav tau ob leeg zoo thiab tsis zoo them.

Lub tswvyim ntawm yeeb tshuaj

Yuav ua li cas yog lub teeb meem? Substance yog pom tias yuav tau hais tias ntawm cov uas muaj xws li tag nrho cov lub cev thiab cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub surrounding xwm. Tej yam khoom uas muaj molecule thiab ib tug qauv, nyob rau hauv lem, yog muaj li ntawm atoms. Piv txwv li, ib tug hlau ntsia thawv yuav tsum tau ib lub cev, thiab hlau - substance. Tej yam muaj ib yam txheej ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj zog.

Yam ntxwv lub cev muaj xws li yam ntxwv uas txawv ib tug los ntawm lwm yam. Cov muaj xws li: lub cev xeev, ceev, solubility, xim, ci, kub (kub los yog melting point), hluav taws xob conductivity.

Tshuaj khoom - Properties tshuaj hnov mob thiab manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj dab (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv).

Cov khoom no yog los qhia Science News for KIDS rau hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub substance.

ntau yam ntawm tshuaj

Muaj yog ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tshuaj uas Muaj tej yam yooj yim thiab complex. Los ntawm tsuas muaj xws li tshuaj uas muaj xws li atoms ntawm ib yam tshuaj uas caij. Piv txwv li, molecules ntawm inert gases (neon, argon, oxygen, bromine, iodine). K complex muaj xws li tag nrho cov tshuaj uas tau raug tsim vim lub kev twb kev txuas ntawm ntau yam atoms (dej, ntsev, carbon dioxide, poov tshuaj permanganate, sucrose). Active tshuaj - tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txo lub nto nro ntawm ib tug concentration ntawm qhov chaw.

organic tshuaj

Pawg no muaj xws li tag nrho cov tshuaj uas nws muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li carbon. Tsuas yog ib tug yog cov carbides, carbon oxides, carbonates thiab cyanides thiab cov pa roj carbon muaj gases.

Molecule tshuaj ntawm saccharides muaj li ntawm peb hais, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog rau muaj sia nyob. Monosaccharide - ib tug compound tsis muaj niaj crystallization. Oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) muaj xws li ob, peb los yog plaub molecules ntawm monosaccharides. Undergo crystallization. Polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, Araban, xylans) savory saj thiab tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej. Lawv lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - pub ntxiv tshaj, tsevneeg thiab thwj toob ntawm lub hlwb. Yuav kom muaj ib pab pawg neeg ntawm lipid tebchaw tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyob hlwb. Lawv saib tej yam yooj yim carbon chains los yog seem ntawm cyclic molecules. Faib mus rau hauv cov roj (triglycerides thiab nruab nrab) thiab lipids. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj esters. Fatty acids (stearic, ricin) kuj nyob rau hauv uas muaj sia nyob. Lipids - roj-zoo li yam tshuaj uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim hais tias lawv cov qauv. Lawv tsim kom meej meej taw qhia kom paub fibers. Los ntawm enzymes yog active lom dab accelerators ntawm protein xwm. Lawv tsis tawg ua me me nyob rau hauv lub tshua thiab tshuaj catalysts txawv ntawm cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob.

inorganics

Los ntawm inorganic tshuaj muaj xws li dej, pa, cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, poov tshuaj, poov hlau, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur.

Dej yog ib qhov tseem ceeb kuab thiab ib tug stabilizer. Nws muaj ib tug muaj zog conductivity thiab tshav kub muaj peev xwm. Cov dej ib puag ncig yog paaj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm yooj yim tshuaj tshua. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm transparency thiab zoo resistant rau compression.

Tus qauv ntawm ntau uas tsis yog-protein nitrogen tebchaw yog muaj. Sulfur tau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tsim kho. Feem ntau cov uas muaj sia nyob muaj phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov mineral daim ntawv. Poov tshuaj yog pom nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ions. Nws activates lub enzyme protein tshuav nyiaj li cas. Sodium yog ib feem ntawm cov ntshav thiab ua ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv regulating tus dej tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Hlau yog nquag muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa, photosynthesis thiab yog ib feem ntawm hemoglobin. Nyob rau hauv tib noj cov zaub mov los txhua txhua hnub 2 mg tooj liab. Nws tsis muaj kev qhia anemia, qab los noj mov mob thiab kab mob plawv. Manganese muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv rov ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Zinc cleaves carbonic acid. Boron muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Nyob rau hauv nws qhaj ntawv nyob rau hauv cov av tuag tawm paj thiab conductive raws nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Molybdenum nquag txav cab thiab tau dav chaw nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.

Lub sib txawv inorganic thiab organic tshuaj?

Tshwj xeeb yog muaj zog sab nraud sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm ob pawg tsis muaj teeb meem. Lub ntsiab sib txawv nta nyob rau hauv cov qauv nyob rau lub inorganic tshuaj no tsis yog-molecular qauv, thiab organic - molecular.

Inorganic tshuaj no tsis yog-molecular qauv, li ntawd, lawv yog yus siab melting thiab kub kub. Lawv tsis muaj carbon. Cov muaj xws li cov noble gases (neon, argon), co (calcium, calcium, sodium), amphoterics (hlau, txhuas), thiab nonmetals (silicon), hydroxides, binary tebchaw, ntsev.

Organic tshuaj molecular qauv. Lawv muaj ib tug ncaj uas tsis muaj melting kub, thiab lawv sai decompose thaum rhuab. Mas muaj li ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Suav: carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides thiab cyanides. Carbon tso cai rau tsim ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm nyuab tebchaw (nyob rau hauv lawv qhov yog ntau tshaj li 10 lab).

Feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav mus rau lub chav kawm ntawm lom yug (carbohydrates, cov nqaijrog, lipids, nucleic acids). Cov tebchaw xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus thiab sulfur.

Yuav kom to taub li cas cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog tsim nyog los qhia, yog dab tsi lub luag hauj lwm nws plays nyob rau hauv peb lub neej. Interacting nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj, nws cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Yog tsis muaj lawv, lub livelihoods ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no yog inseparable thiab unthinkable. Tag nrho cov khoom yog ua los ntawm tej yam tshuaj, li ntawd, lawv ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peb lub neej.