Environmental kev ua ub no tom tsev kawm ntawv: ntxhais, scenarios. ecological nyiaj so koobtsheej

Cov ib puag ncig kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tas. Nws yog ib txoj kev zoo los ntawm cov uas cov kws qhia ntawv yuav muaj nyob rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev kawm tej yam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txaus siab mus rau lawv. Yog vim li cas yog nws ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau cov ib puag ncig? Vim hais tias nws yog ib tug science ntawm lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm nyob quavntsej nrog txhua lwm yam thiab xwm. Thiab txij li thaum nyob rau hauv no system occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw txiv neej, qhov kev kawm yuav tsis quav ntsej.

GEF

Ob peb lo lus, kuv yuav hais txog cov qauv nyob rau hauv uas ib tug yuav tsum pab cuam thiab muaj tej kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. GEF yog ib tug ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev kawm system yog lub tsim ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev coj tsis ncaj cwm pwm. Thiab kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog heev multifaceted cov ntsiab lus. Nws muaj xws li inculcating cov me nyuam uas muaj nuj nqis rau nws cov neeg, zaj dab neeg ntawm lub ntau yam tseem ceeb, raws li zoo raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom mus rau lub fact tias cov me nyuam hais tias lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Yog li ntawd, lub aim ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab ib puag ncig kev pab cuam - mus tsim me nyuam kawm ntawv 'kab lis kev cai, uas yuav tau txais kev qhia nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sib raug zoo rau kev kho mob, cov ib puag ncig, thiab nyob rau hauv kev ua raws li kev ncaj ncees qauv nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm tus nqi txawv. Vim hais tias lawv tag nrho - lub neej yav tom ntej cov neeg uas lub neej. Thiab tib neeg nrog rau txoj kev outlook txog peb tus cwj pwm, tau coj lub ntiaj chaw tawm ntawm lub catastrophic qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas nws tam sim no nyob.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ecological ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lub npe muaj kev cuam tshuam lawv heev essence: cov zaj lus qhia ntawm siab dawb siab zoo thiab xav ekoekskursii qws xwm soj ntsuam, kuaj hluas environmentalist. Ua tau txoj kev rau kev txaus siab rau cov me nyuam xwm - ceeb thawj. Thiab ib txhia ntawm lawv peb yuav tsis txhob.

Cov kev sib tham nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm junior cov chav kawm

Ua tej kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov me nyuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev them sai sai mus qhia tawm tej teeb meem. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum raug to taub thiab tuaj nws mus rau cov me nyuam kom lawv to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tham. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog mus cuag tus nram qab no cov hom phiaj, uas yog mus rau:

• Cov tsim ntawm yooj yim kev txawj ntse txog ecology tswv yim.
• Analysis qhov zoo kev sis raug zoo nrog cov ib puag ncig.
• Kev kawm ntawv ntawm kev hwm rau cov xwm.
• Cov kev loj hlob ntawm schoolchildren.
• Tsim kom muaj tuav txaus siab.

Qhov kawg ntawm nkag cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau kawm hais tias ecology yog qhov kev kawm uas qhia ceev faj tus cwj pwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb pab qhia rau lawv hais tias lub disappearance ntawm cov tsiaj thiab noog, raws li zoo li deteriorating muaj - nws yog cov neeg ntawm cawu cub. Thiab yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv cov natural resources, los tiv thaiv lawv. Tom qab no peb tuaj mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas pib, tsis muaj kev pab tib neeg, yog zoo nkauj tshaj.

creativity

Environmental cov kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau nthuav. Thiab vim hais tias cov me nyuam tsis qhuab qhia capture, yuav tsum tau uas yuav ntxiv ib tug ntau yam ntawm zaj lus qhia.

Muaj ib lub tswv yim - ib tug xav txog tej yam lus los ntawm cov ecological txoj kev. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau pre-compose heev kev nthuav qhia. Muaj ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsis tau - cia li 15-20. Nyob rau hauv parallel, raws li ib tug lub ntsiab, ces koj yuav tsum tau kom muaj xws li tom hav zoov noog hu nkauj softly, los tsim cov nyhuv ntawm immersion. Tab sis ua ntej koj pib koj kev nthuav qhia, tus xib fwb yuav tau nkag mus rau cov me nyuam mus txog ceev - hais txog dab tsi lawv yuav hais thiab yog vim li cas.

Koj muaj peev xwm ces npaj mus rau zaj dab neeg. Tus thawj ob peb ntas yuav tsum qhia cov me nyuam ib tug zoo nkauj hav zoov, muaj yeeb yuj noog thiab funny tsiaj uas nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv parallel, tus xib fwb qhia ib zaj dab neeg xws li: "Muaj ib zaug yog ib lub hav zoov. Thiab nyob rau hauv nws funny, perky noog. Peb nyob muaj thiab tej tsiaj txhu. Tua tsiaj, frolicking nyob rau hauv lub meadows. Wb tau ntsib nrog lawv! Koj puas paub? "- nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no koj yuav tsum hloov slides depicting ntau yam tsiaj, cov me nyuam qw lawv cov npe (mab, hedgehog, Xyooj, hma liab, mos lwj, hma, thiab lwm yam ...).

Cov ncej tom ntej yog los sawv cev rau tus neeg. Tus kws qhia ntawv tseem: "Muaj ib hnub ib tug txiv neej tuaj mus rau lub hav zoov. Thiab nws ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsev, txoj kev thiab factories. Tab sis hais tias nws tsis muaj. Nws pib mus txiav down lub hav zoov uas puas no me me zoo nkauj ecosystem. Factories dumped lawv pov tseg rau hauv pas dej thiab cov niam dej uas tag nrho cov pas dej nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Thiab cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm cov qhov cub tawg ntawm factories tshuaj lom huab cua. Vacationers pib zes hluav taws kub, hnov qab coj koj cov thoob khib nyiab. Tsiaj txhu thiab cov noog tau los ua ib tug qhov chaw nyob. Ib tug hav zoov tau los ua ib tug dreary thiab scary qhov chaw. "

Nyob rau hauv parallel, tom qab txhua kab lus, koj yuav tau qhia lub sib nug xov swb - nrog rau tej ntoo, teeb pom kev zoo hluav taws kub thiab tom ntej hluav taws kub, nkos pas dej, daig ntawv. Visibility yog qho tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias tsuas yog visualizing cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau to taub txog cov kev mob ntawm lub neej tshiab nimno ecosystems thiab ntawm tib neeg tsis meej yuav ua.

Yog muaj lus nug thiab paub tab cov me nyuam

Ntsuas rau tej kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau qhia thiab. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib tham sib xib fwb nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau. Txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj kev sis raug zoo, koj yuav tsis to taub cov me nyuam tau kawm cov kev kawm los yog tsis.

Thaum kawm tiav ntawm ib tug fairy taleas kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv piv txwv saum toj no, tus xib fwb yuav tau nyiam me nyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub sib tham. Cov me nyuam yuav yuam ua hauj lwm rau teb, yog vim li cas tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov tsis muaj leej twg txoj sia nyob. Cov lus teb yog yooj yim - vim hais tias nws puas lawm cov neeg. Yog hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm nws, ces koj yuav pib ua hauj lwm - rau lub "lub hom phiaj" ntawm ib tug xav txog tej yam kho tshiab ntawm lub hav zoov ecosystem.

Cov me nyuam yuav tsum faib cards nrog rau cov duab ntawm cov ntoo, uas lawv yuav tsum "cog" rau qhov rov qab sab ntawm daim card - puzzle. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv xav kom lawv twv saib lub npe. Piv txwv li:

• Lavxias teb sab kev zoo nkauj sawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshem nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsuab tsho poj niam thiab dawb sundress! (Lus Teb: birch).
• Kuv pom nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-kev zoo nkauj! Hnyav pob tawb, zoo ... (Teb: Rowan).
• Nws yog siab thiab tsis muaj zog! Noob txiv qhib, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws tsis paub. Rustles ntawm cov huab ... cov cua ntawv (lus teb: ntoo qhib).

Kwv yees riddles, cov me nyuam, yav tas los muab faib ua tej pawg neeg, yuav tsum npaj ib nyuag daim ntawv qhia txog tus yug lawv tawm ntawm tsob ntoo, siv tus ntawm cov thiab cov phau ntawv muaj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj. Koj muaj peev xwm ces ua rau lub caij nyoog tib neeg ua hauj lwm, tab sis txuam nrog cov noog thiab cov tsiaj.

Class teev rau cov laus pab pawg neeg

Rau tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau loj scenario ntawm ib puag ncig kev ua ub no. Nws lub hom phiaj - los tsim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam ib tug tsis zoo coj tsis ncaj kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tib neeg mob, pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab los tsim ib tug tsis zoo tus cwj pwm ntawm irresponsible thiab tsis xav ntawm tej los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv peb ib puag ncig. nram qab no paub tab:

• Broaden peb to taub ntawm cov me nyuam txog tej kev cai lij choj.
• Ua kom txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov xwm.
• Faus ib tug siab zoo cwj pwm ntawm cov ib puag ncig.
• Deev ib tug lub siab xav mus koom nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev ua ub no.
• Txhawb tej tswv yim.

Ua ntej koj yuav npaj ib tug laj teev, koj yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej-txiag kev kawm, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas cov me nyuam yuav koom. Nws yog pom zoo kom muab rau lawv ua num:

• Yuav kom npaj ib tug tsis txaus siab rau sawv cev ntawm cov xwm rau cov txiv neej (ib lub zuj zus txhua).
• Ua ib tug yees duab ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv, muaj xam phaj lwm tus menyuam kawm ntawv rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub ecosystem.
• Compose ib zaj paj huam.

Ces, thaum lub hnub ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv lub sij hawm, teb hais mav yuav pib nws.

tej kev cai

Raws li ib feem ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv lub sij hawm yuav tsis muaj superfluous qhia rau cov me nyuam txog lawv. Yoojyim lus, ntawm chav kawm, thiab nws yog ntshaw kom ua piv txwv. Nws yuav saib raws li nram no:

• Law №1: «Txhua yam yog kev cob cog rua rau txhua yam." Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv Norway partridges, txhiab tus noog of prey raug tua. Nws tsis pab. Tsis ntev phaum mob swept lub partridges thiab lawv tag nrho cov tuag. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias cov owls thiab niam txiv dav tau ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg tu mob, noj mob noog. Qhov no tiv thaiv tau tus phaum mob.
• Law №2: «Txhua yam yuav tsum mus rau qhov chaw." Hlawv los yog muab faus rau thoob khib nyiab - tsis tau tshem ntawm nws. Ib yam khoom uas decomposes nyob rau lwm yam, thiab cov huab cua yog li tshuaj lom, ua rau kev nyab xeeb kev hloov thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov neeg.
• Law №3: «Tsis muaj dab tsi yog muab rau free". Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1958 mus 1962 ob billion tau puas nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj (!) Sparrows, vim hais tias lawv raug xam tias yog muaj kab tsuag. Tab sis nws thiaj li sib nrauj ib tug ntau ntawm cov kab hais tias yeej mob cov qoob loo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Tuam Tshoj tau ua tus yuav sparrows nyob rau hauv lwm lub xeev. Kuv yuav tsum tau them rau lawv ua.
• Law №4: «Xwm paub zoo tshaj plaws." Muaj coob tus neeg khav muaj siab mus rau "txhim kho" lub ecosystem, feem ntau yog tau ua txhaum lub ntuj dab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj yog tsis muaj pov tseg. Rau txhua tus ntawm cov organic tshuaj yog cais enzyme sawv decomposition. Tab sis tus txiv neej tsim tshuaj uas tsis decompose dab tsi, tiam sis tsuas yog noog nyob rau hauv lub ecosystem. Thiab paug nws.

Yog hais tias koj muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv no thiab kev kawm tsev nyob rau hauv lub scenario ntawm ib puag ncig kev ntsuas uas yuav ua rau ib tug txias teev ntau intuitive thiab.

Competition for high school

Environmental kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ua rau cov neeg laus kawm (9-11 th qib) yuav tsum ntau thiab muaj nuj nqis. xeem ntawv rau lub hom sib tw yuav tsum yog ib tug zoo xaiv. Nws yog zoo dua los yog siv nws nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm Parallels kom muaj ntau tuaj koom. Los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau xws li tej kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv cov ib puag ncig lub lim tiam ntawm tsev kawm ntawv.

Nws pib nrog qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov pab pawg sib tw. Thaum lub sij hawm uas muab cov ntsiab lus (nyob rau 5-point scale). Lub npe thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm pab neeg no yuav tsum tau ua raws li nrog ib puag ncig yam.

Ces tus ncig xyuas pib. Txhua pab neeg nyob rau hauv lem muab plaub lub tswv yim. Yuav teb mus rau tus thawj - tau 4 cov ntsiab lus. Yog hais tias koj twv tus thib ob hint - lawv yuav ntxiv 3 ntsiab lus. Yuav teb rau peb - yuav tau txais 2 points. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov plaub lub tswv yim, koj ntxiv ib tug taw tes yuav tsum tau siv. Piv txwv li:

1) Nws nyob mus txog 2000 xyoo.

2) lub cev nyob hauv dej uas tsis lwj - thiab tsuas yog hlob zoo muaj zog dub.

3) Vim hais tias nws yog manufactured rooj tog, parquet thiab tej kas tham.

4) Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov kwv huam Pushkina no mermaid zaum.

Lo lus teb rau no sau los yog cov ntoo qhib. Tus lwm pab neeg yuav muab ib lub tswv yim nram no:

1) Nws tseem ceeb volatile, uas tua teeb meem kab mob.

2) Vim hais tias nws tau txais zoo heev taws.

3) Nws cov tawv yog siv los ua pab tau tej yam, broths, tshuaj.

4) Nws yog - Lavxias teb sab ntoo.

Nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ib tug birch. Tej collections xav tau ib tug ntau yuav ua rau tej kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv rau lub tsev kawm ntawv nthuav, txawj ntse thiab yuav pab tau.

Xwm raws li ib tug universal nqi

Seminar nrog tib lub npe kuj tau ib tug zoo kev ntsuas ntawm ib tug ecological orientation nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws lub hom phiaj - los mus txiav txim yog dab tsi yog qhov tseeb tus nqi ntawm cov xwm, thiab dab tsi yog nws cov Cheebtsam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus tsim cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm pom kev zoo nkauj nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab cob qhia kom lawv tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ecosystems.

Pib qhov no seminar yuav ua tau ib pab pawg neeg ua hauj lwm. Muab txhua daim ntawv nrog rau kev qhia txog ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ib ncig chaw thiab ua hauj lwm. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tau los mus txiav txim lawv cov npe thiab muab ib co tseem ceeb adjectives uas yuav piav txog lawv. Piv txwv li cov ntawv teev lus: "Lawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv Antarctica, lub sab qaum teb America thiab cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw muaj hais txog peb caug. Lawv nyob txog 11% ntawm lub ntiaj teb. " Peb yuav tau tham txog cov suab puam, thiab nws yuav muaj txoj cai lus teb.

Tom qab koj siv xws li ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm, nws yuav ua tau kom muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv paub txog cov nqi ntawm biosphere cov kev pab cuam. Lub sij hawm tas cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm University of California nyob rau hauv 1994. Thiab nws muab tawm hais tias:

• Qhov nruab nrab nqi ntawm biosphere cov kev pab cuam yog ~ 33,27 trillion nyiaj ib lub xyoo.
• Hav dej thiab pas dej - $ 1.7 trillion.
• Tubrog nkoj ecosystems - $ 21 trillion.
• Rainforests - $ 3.8 trillion.
• Terrestrial ecosystems - $ 12.3 trillion.

Qhov no tau muab tus zaum daim ntawv qhia. Rau ib puag ncig kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tau tuaj mus nrog ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav cov hauj lwm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - lawv tuav nqi thiab practicality.

Lub tej yam tsis zoo

Txawm tub ntxhais kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm npaj rau tej kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. No lub ntsiab yog cia li hluas. Lawv yuav pab tau los mus kawm txog cov tau theem ntawm cov tsis zoo feem ntawm anthropogenic thiab tej yam ntuj tso yam ekoopasnosti rau cov tib neeg thiab cov ib puag ncig.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum xa rau lub teb nqi ntawm environmental impacts, zoo tswj ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom xyaw thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj rau lawv, raws li tau zoo raws li xyuas ekoriskov. Cov kev sib tham ntawm tej yam muaj peev xwm yuav generated nyob rau hauv ib co tshwj xeeb kev txaus siab - mus ua li no rau ib tug kws theem. Ib txhia nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm tej txheej xwm no yog txhais lawv yav tom ntej ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv neeg laus lub neej.

lub ntiaj teb hnub

Qhov no yog ib tug zoo kawg ecological nyiaj so koobtsheej, hnub - 22 Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Yog li ntawd, cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, rau rau siab mus rau qhov, yog feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub lim tiam uas muaj xws li lub hnub. Thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau kev kawm lectures, chav kawm ntawv lub sij hawm thiab tournaments, tam sim no nws yog txais mus npaj lub yeej pab tau tej yam uas ua tau tim txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hu ua "beautify lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv."

Qhov kev ua no yuav muaj kev cov purchase ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov xim seedlings, seedlings ntawm lov tas vau thiab ntoo. Ces, thaum nws los txog rau lub hnub tim ntawm lub ecological nyiaj so koobtsheej, cov me nyuam nrog rau cov xib fwb lawv cog nyob rau hauv cov zajlus thiab flowerbeds. Ces faib nruab nrab ntawm menyuam kawm ntawv lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov kev kho mob nroj tsuag. Yog li, tsis tsuas yuav ua rau kom lub ecosystem, pom nws nrog ib tug me ntsis - nws yuav tsum pom hais tias nws cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nyuaj npaum li cas nws yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov paj, ntoo thiab nroj muaj npaum li cas paus, tsis hais yog lawv tus kheej sau qoob. Tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav muaj ib tug me me puag ncig kev kawm txawj thiab yuav ntau sib fwm ntawm qhov thiab nws cov kev pab.