Yuav ua li cas yog lub teb chaws communism?

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nkag siab qhov kev kawm, nws yog tsim nyog los txhais li cas yog ib lub teb chaws communism. Yuav ua li cas yog lub luag hauj lwm nws plays nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yav dhau los thiab lub ntiaj teb no? Tom qab tag nrho, lub teb chaws sib - nws yog ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb heev rau cov zaj dabneeg tag nrho!

txhais

Yog li, lub teb chaws sib - ib tug nom tswv zog, uas muaj kev nrhiav kom muab cov incompatible: Communism thiab nationalism. Cov tshwm sim ntawm no phenomenon yog ntaus nqi feem ntau rau cov Ukraine ntawm 1917-1920, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov qub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub teb chaws communism ntawd los ua nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, lub socialist xeev, thiab tib ob, ib tug communist zej zog, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev txaus siab, kev cai thiab kev hwv nta ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib haiv neeg.

Thiab lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov no nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine yog: Nikolay Hvylevoy Nicholas Skrypnyk, Alexander Shumsky, Michael Volobuev.

nta

Raws li hais saum toj no, qhov no yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov creation ntawm ib tug communist zej zog, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev txaus siab ntawm ib tug haiv neeg. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub teb chaws communism, ob tog txaus siab rau nws yog ib tug ua tiav tsis kam hloov ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lwm yam universal hom lus, thiab kab lis kev cai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no sib txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib ywj siab lub xeev, uas nkag mus rau rau hauv ib lub union ntawm socialist republics rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev yeem. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov foregoing, lub zog ntawm lub teb chaws communism thiab mus hais rau txhua lub teb thiab cosmopolitanism.

Lub chaw uas zoo heev, uas kis tau ib tug nom tswv zog

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no tsis muaj nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian chaw uas zoo heev, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ib co republics ntawm lub Soviet Union, xws li Georgia.

Tab sis raws li rau qhov Ukrainian teb chaws communism, nws tseem haib tshaj ntawm cov republics. Moscow yog nquag sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv xws phenomena, thiab nws muab tawm los mus tshem tawm lawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem nrog lub Ukrainian tsoom fwv ua tsis tau tejyam. Tom qab tag nrho, Ukraine tau ib txwm coj ib tug active tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej, uas nws nrhiav. Cov tib teeb meem no yog, thiab tom qab lub Revolution, thaum lub Ukrainian koom pheej yeej txoj cai yuav tsum tau hu ua ib qho kev ywj xeev nyob rau hauv 1920. Moscow, txawm li cas los, tau tawm hauv lub treaty tsuas rau ntawm daim ntawv, thiab txuas ntxiv mus sawv cev rau Ukraine nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb lub zej lub zos, uas tsoom fwv teb mus rau qhov tseeb tawm tsam.

Txawm li cas los, tom qab lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub USSR tus txheej xwm ntawm ib qho kev ywj Ukraine pib sai poob. Tom qab nws tsoom fwv xav kom ua ib tug tag nrho Ukrainization thiab hloov cov nyob rau hauv hwj chim rau cov neeg muaj tsuas Ukrainian keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los, Moscow tub ceev xwm muaj cov kev ntsuas rau lub teb chaws kev tsim txom ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Ukrainian koom pheej. Nyob rau hauv no siab, cov nom tswv zog nyob rau hauv Ukraine twb ntaus rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Bolshevism.

National Communism. Cov nom tswv keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim

Raws li twb hais saum toj no, lub rov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no belongs rau Ukraine. Nws twb tsim los ntawm tus thawj heev xyoo ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim. Tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sij hawm yog ib daim ntawv qhia Mazlaha Rascal thiab uas hu ua "Lub Wave". Nws sau phau ntawv twb ntxias hais tias rhuav tshem cov phenomenon ntawm lub teb chaws kev tsim txom, tshuav tom qab lub ntxub tsarist tsoom fwv yog tau tsuas yog thaum koj disconnect Ukraine los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Lawv kuj ntseeg hais tias cov Communist tog ntawm Ukraine yuav tsum tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib nom tswv lub koom haum. Muzzle thiab Rascal harshly criticized lub cwj pwm ntawm cov tsoom fwv, uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow mus rau lub Ukrainian teb chaws teeb meem. Tus sau phau ntawv hauv phau ntawv no ua npau suav ntawm Communist thiab ywj siab Ukraine, tab sis lawv yog ob tag incompatible yam.

Yog li, hauv phau ntawv no "Wave" tau ua tus thawj qhov twg los, uas qhia cov tswv yim ntawm lub teb chaws-communism, thiab lub hauv paus rau cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tshiab cov hoob kawm, doomed inevitable cev qhuav dej.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub zog combines qhov sib txawv nom tswv tiam sis thiab cov lus qhia, lub tswv yim ntawm uas yog ib tug "communist es rov ntawm tag nrho cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm Soviet haiv neeg."

Cov ua rau lub zog ntawm kev communism nyob Ukrainian chaw uas zoo heev

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm no qauv nyob rau hauv Ukraine yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov nom tswv tseeb ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab tej zaum kev coj li hluas thiab phua Ukrainian kev ywj pheej sib. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias heev ib impressive nqi ntawm Ukrainian kev cai ywj pheej yog to taub hais tias kom tsis txhob muaj qhov txaus ntshai teeb meem no yuav tsuas koom tes nrog cov Bolsheviks. Tej zaum nws yog rau no yog vim li cas hais tias lub teb chaws communism, uas nws keeb kwm yog li ntawd zoo intertwined nrog lub Soviet cov tub ceev xwm, nws thiaj raug txim tuag.

Ukrainization thiab nws tau

Qhov no phiaj los nqis tes pib nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau hauv 1920. Tus aim ntawm Ukrainization yog, firstly, los hloov tag nrho cov thav ntawv nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub Ukrainian qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob, thiab tib ob, yuav ua kom paub Ukrainian hom lus nyob rau hauv txhua theem ntawm lub neej.

Lub ntsiab kawm tau rau tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm Ukrainization ntawm lub Ukrainian hom lus rau tag nrho cov tau theem. tam sim no cov neeg sawv cev kuj tau lub legitimacy ntawm ib lub teb chaws teg num ntawm lub Ukrainian Communist. Thiab txoj kev vam meej tiav nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev txheej txheem, uas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam Lavxias teb sab chauvinism thiab Ukrainian nationalism. tam sim no cov neeg sawv cev tsim ib tug branching cell ntawm lub Ukrainian hom lus thiab kab lis kev cai Ukrainian.

National Communism nyob rau hauv Stalin loj suppressed. Thiab tag nrho cov uas txhawb lub tswv yim thiab lub zog, xa mus rau lub firing tub cheev xwm. Rau qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zog ua luaj ntxub thiab ntshai tsam kav lub Soviet Union.

Cov ua rau lub social-communism nyob rau hauv Russia

Yog li ntawd, cov thawj cov lus qhia txog lub Social-cai ywj pheej nyob rau hauv Russia, uas degenerated rau hauv communism tom qab ntau xyoo, nyob thaum Georgi Plekhanov txhais mus rau hauv lub hom lus "Communist Manifesto."

Ncua tseg nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws txaj muag serfdom nyob rau hauv 1861 yog lub tam sim ntawd ua lub teb chaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab capitalist kev sib raug zoo, uas yog tsis yav tas los. Txawm li cas los, lub teb chaws tseem khaws tib cov me nyuam yaus: autocracy, tsim nyog rau cov nom tswv cajceg, cov poj tsaws Estates. Vim li no, cov neeg tau pib loj hlob lub revolutionary cim ntawm lub mus ob peb vas. Tom qab ntawd nws pib npaj lub ntau yam kev nom kev tswv pab pawg, nrog rau lub Lavxias teb sab Social-ywj pheej tog. Yog li, qhov teeb meem ntsiag to mus rau enormous hloov nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub teb chaws.

Thiab ntawm no yog cov thaum pib ntawm lub tam sim no tog tsev muab tso rau lub 2nd Congress ntawm Lavxias teb sab Social-ywj pheej Labor Party nyob rau hauv 1903, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv London. Thaum no congress peb kos npe rau lub ntsiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev pab cuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo-communism nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov congresses yuav tsis legitimately yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, vim hais tias xws ua si nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tsuas tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv Russia.

Nyob rau tib lub 2 nd Congress yog tus heev division ntawm cov Bolsheviks thiab cov Mensheviks, uas tom qab coj mus rau ib tug irreversible keeb kwm cov txheej xwm uas hloov Russia nkaus.

Lub ces qhov no nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj

Yuav ua li cas yog zoo tshaj plaws Nyab Laj teb chaws communism? Cov zaj dab neeg mus hais tias cov Communist tog yug nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj nyob rau hauv 1951 thiab muaj txog 1981. Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Vietnam tau txais nyob rau Congress ntawm lub ICP nyob rau hauv lub 51 th xyoo. Thaum nws pib tshwm sim, ces nws tsoo kom deb ntawm Fabkis Communist Party thiab, nyob rau hauv lem, nws tus kheej tau raug muab faib ua 3 ntau ntau: Khmer neeg Revolutionary tog, lub Lao Cov neeg txoj Party thiab Vietnam Labor Party.

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub teb chaws Nyab Laj ua tsov ua rog pib active continuation ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm txoj kev ua ib communist haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Thiab thawj kauj ruam mus rau communism yog tus nationalization ntawm lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab loj tuam txhab uas muag. Twb tau nyob rau 1976, sab qab teb thiab North Vietnam merged thiab thiaj hu ua lub Socialist koom pheej ntawm Vietnam.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1970s, Vietnam tau tsim muaj ib tug muaj zog txuas nrog lub USSR, thiab nyob rau hauv 1976 lawv xaus lus ib treaty ntawm kev phooj ywg. Tag nrho cov sij hawm, cov Union nquag pab Vietnam yaj tom qab ib tug phem tub rog ua hauj lwm rau nws lub teb chaws. Lub Soviet Union kuj nquag nce lub strengthening ntawm communism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Nyab Laj teb chaws. Muaj feem ntau xa mus rau Lavxias teb sab kws txawj los ntawm ntau yam teb. Lub Union ntawm Nyab Laj tuaj nyob rau ib qho kev pauv mus kawm nyob rau hauv Soviet universities.

Tab sis ho rov, nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj ua tsov ua rog nrog Qhab Meem teb, thiab ces mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Tsov rog tsis kav ntev, cia li peb lub lis piam, los ntawm Lub ob hlis ntuj 17th rau sis thib 5 ntawd lub peb hlis ntuj 1979. Nws twb ua tsaug rau lub Soviet Union, uas intervened thiab pab nres hostilities ntawm Vietnam thiab Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv ib lub thaj yeeb txoj kev. Tab sis txawm lub ceev ceev kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem, Vietnam tau tshuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag tau thim.

Luam cov Soviet tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj coj mus rau nws abject cov neeg txom nyem. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag tau raws li tsuas yog nyob rau private enterprise. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov no tshwm sim tau lawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm kho, uas tau nyob rau hauv ib co kev txwv tau tsa, thiab cov neeg ua teb yuav muag ib co ntawm nws cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov ciaj uas muag.

Tab sis tom qab Soviet Union collapsed, ntsig txog, nres thiab pab rau lub koom pheej. Lub teb chaws muaj lawv tus kheej tawm ntawm qhov txaus ntshai ntsoog, rau tshwj kom txhob nce nqi thiab tsis txom nyem. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov no depressing lub xeev ntawm Vietnam tau qhib nws ciam teb rau lwm rau European ua lag luam, uas tau pib nqis peev nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab kev lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, dhau lawm, Vietnam yog ib tug socialist koom pheej. Tam sim no muaj cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws ua lag ua luam yog cov neeg kawm txoj kev koom. Nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv Viet yeej tawg yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv zoo kawg thov ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab pejxeem.

Communism nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyab Laj no yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis yam daim ntawv, txawm hais tias reminiscent ntawm lub Soviet Union. Koom pheej yog qhib rau economic kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm lub teb chaws.

Txhais cov ntsiab lus

Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum muab lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub tswv yim xws li "lub teb chaws socialism", "communism" thiab "siab phem". Vim hais tias feem ntau cov neeg mus rau hauv kev xav hais tias lawv yeej paub zoo txog ntawm cov keeb kwm, tsis ncaj ncees lawm nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus.

National socialism - yog ib daim ntawv ntawm pej xeem ntaus ntawv muaj socialism thiab nationalism (racism). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog muab faib mus rau hauv txoj cai thiab sab laug. Ntxiv mus, txoj cai siv ntau rau cov lo lus "socialism" thiab yog uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub USSR, tab sis sab laug qhia txog kev "nationalism", uas yog hais txog Hitler lub nom tswv raws li kev ntxub ntxaug nyob rau hauv nws cov loj tshaj plaws daim ntawv no. Muaj ntau tus cwj pwm no txhais ntawm kev siab phem, thiab tsis tau ntsib ntau ntau ib tug txawv.

Kev siab phem - ib tug nom tswv kev taw qhia uas muaj xws li lub dictatorship, thiab kev siv ntawm nruj kev tsiv heev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cuam tshuam cov neeg Yudais). Nws combines nrog nationalism thiab kev ntxub ntxaug. No lub zog ua rau ib tug tag nrho tsis kam muab ntawm tib neeg txoj cai thiab kev ywj siab, yog ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no yog kev koom tua tej manifestation ntawm kev siab phem. Lub constitutions tshuaj tag nrho series ntawm cov khoom uas criminalize tsab kev cai ntawm lub fascist cim.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias, txawm lub fact tias lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, paub txog kev siab phem, hmoov tsis, muaj ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Tab sis, qhov zoo ces, lub active nriaj yog tiv thaiv xws phenomena.

Txawm li cas los, muaj dab tsi sib txawv, thiab kuj ntau yam pauv loj. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yog nws manifested?

Qhov txawv ntawm National socialism, Communism, kev siab phem

Thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus raws li nram no. Yog hais tias kev siab phem ntshai lub xeev raws li cov thawj lub caij, thiab nyeem: "Lub xeev tsim hauv lub teb chaws", lub teb chaws socialism txog cov lub tswv yim hais tias lub xeev ua raws li ib tug txhais tau tias mus cawm cov neeg. Nws lub hom phiaj yog mus restructure lub xeev nyob rau hauv zej zog. National socialism txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm tu haiv neeg, muab pov tseg tag nrho lwm yam ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov no tswv yim twb embodied nyob rau hauv lub Aryan teb chaws. Lub Nazis nrhiav tsis hwj chim dua txhua yam ntawm lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg. Qhov no envisaged rau cov rejection uas muaj ntau yooj yim tib neeg txoj cai.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo 1930 los muaj hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tuaj lub Social nationalists, coj los ntawm Adolf Hitler. Yog li ntawd, yuav luag tam sim ntawd pib tsim txom ntawm cov neeg Yudais, thiab ces lawv pib massively ua kom puas. Qhov no lub lag luam yog hu ua lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Holocaust. Lub teb chaws Socialists tau npaj rau siv lwm haiv neeg ua qhev rau lawv tom qab muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg Yudais thiab cov qaug dab peg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Qhov zoo ces, qhov no tswv yim ho tsis tuaj tiag, txawm hais tias nws muaj kev tswj los mus coj ib tug ntau ntawm kev tu siab thoob plaws hauv tus tib neeg lub pejxeem. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg Yudais raug tua nyob rau hauv lub nkuaj, muaj coob tus neeg raug tua.

Raws li rau communism, no heev, muaj ib co nta. Tiam sis ua ntej, koj yuav tau txhais li cas yog communism.

Communism - nws yog ib tug nom tswv ideology uas tsis tej khoom ntawm ntiag tug. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no ideology yog utopian. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim no qhia cov nram qab no kab lus: "los ntawm txhua raws li nws lub peev xwm, rau txhua - raws li nws xav tau kev pab." Ib tug piv txwv ntawm communism stands lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist republics. Communism sim los tsim kom tau muaj 70 xyoo, tab sis hmoov tsis, cov me nyuam tsis tau muaj kev vam meej, vim hais tias cov Soviet Union tau poob, ua pov thawj ib tug utopian xwm ntawm communist ideology.

National Communism nyob rau hauv Russia txuam nrog qhov kev ntshai, cov tsis muaj cov tib neeg thiab tej vam thiab cia siab tias tus neeg uas raug rau txoj cai ua phem los ntawm nws.

Common nta ntawm lub teb chaws socialism, communism, kev siab phem

National socialism thiab kev siab phem muaj ntau nta. Chief ntawm lawv yog cov tag nrho subordination ntawm qhov kev txaus siab ntawm txhua tus neeg lub xeev thiab lub txog kev tswj ntawm lub xeev tag nrho strata ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab cov txiv neej.

Ob leeg ntawm cov tswv yim no yog lub epitome ntawm phem thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees, vim hais tias peb muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam cov taw, raws li mus rau qhov kawg tau, uas lawv tau mus txog thaum kawg. Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev cai tsis xav ua phem rau lub teb chaws. Lawv tau sim tsim ib tug tshiab zoo tagnrho lub neej (nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev nkag siab). Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis tau paub ib yam - qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg, uas raug kev txom nyem, kev txom nyem npaum li cas tu siab. Muaj tseeb noob neej tau raug kev txom nyem txaus tu siab rau qhov txaus ntshai lub sij hawm rau txhiab xyoo yuav tuaj.