Tsim, Zaj dabneeg
James Naismith: biography thiab yees duab. Keeb kwm ntawm basketball
Nyob rau hauv lub pre-computer era me nyuam ua si sab nraum zoov ua si nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Cov Americans tau nrov ua si hu ua "os ntawm lub pob zeb." Nyob rau ib tug hauv paus los yog lwm yam nce tsa pob zeb, hu ua ib tug os. Nyob ze nws los ua ib tug "kev ruaj ntseg tus neeg zov", uas yuav tsum tiv thaiv kom txhob npaj siab mus coj tus so ntawm qhov kev ua si, "os" rau hauv av.
Pob, xib fwb qhia ntawv, inventor
Leej Txiv ntawm basketball yug nyob rau hauv 1861, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Ontario, Canada. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Mississippi Mills muaj yog ib lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub inventor ntawm basketball. Los ntawm thaum yau nws yog fond ntawm kev ua si, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua si hom. Yog hais tias hockey nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog li nrov raws li nws yog tam sim no, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov Canadian teams xav tej zaum muaj nyob frontline, nyob rau hauv lub tsho uas yuav ua tau lub npe ntawm Naismith. James thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Montreal ua si nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev ua si, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm football - cov European (hu ua kev ncaws pob nyob rau hauv North America) thiab lub Canadian.
Tus tub hluas muaj ib tug tshiab lub siab thiab inventive flair. Canada, xws li lub US, football muaj progenitor English rugby thiab yog superkontaktnoy kev ua si nrog kev raug mob ntawm kev raug mob. Hard collisions ua rau puas. James Naismith yog pom tias yuav ua tau tus thawj neeg uas ua ntawv mus ua siv ib tug tiv thaiv cov kaus mom hlau. Law tsis txwv tsis pub nws, thiab nws tus yam ntxwv tau ua raws li los ntawm lwm tus menyuam kawm, uas ntshai tsam rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm ntse nqus cov hoob kawm ntaub ntawv.
Bachelor nyob rau hauv Physical Education
Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ua ib tug ntawv pov thawj kawm siv lub cev xib fwb James Naismith tsiv mus rau ib tug nyob sib ze lub teb chaws. Txij li thaum 1891, nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov kawm ntawv qib siab, cov los ntawm YMCA (YMKA - Koom Haum Tub Hluas tus ntseeg Association) - Youth Christian lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Springfield, Massachusetts. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub gym, nws qhia lub cev.
Raws li ib tug xib fwb James Naismith mas suav hais tias ib tug yeej muaj tseeb kev. Nws nrhiav kom koom nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si, ua kom ua ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv txaus siab tsis muaj kab boring thiab monotonous ce. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nws yog yooj yim mus npaj kev sib tw nyob rau hauv lub qhib cua, qhov twg cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau ua si baseball thiab football nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no kom muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv gymnastics nyob rau hauv lub gym yog ntau yooj yim. Thawj coj ntawm lub College Dr. Luther Gulick nug James tuaj nrog ib yam dab tsi. Thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tsis ua nruj ua raws li rugby los yog American football. Lub tswv yim xwm ntawm lub feemxyuam fizruka ib zaug pab Naismith pom ib tug ci ntsa iab tshuaj.
A npas thiab ob baskets ntawm txiv duaj nyob rau hauv
James Naismith yees qhov kev ua si nrog rau lub npas nyob rau hauv ib tug uas xa tuaj nrog cheeb tsam rau dispel lub laj ntawm kev cob qhia rau cov gymnastic apparatus los yog monotonous khiav ib ncig ntawm lawv. Nws yog hais tias cov kev cai tshiab ntawm qhov kev ua si, nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav tso cai niaj hnub no, nws twb formulated nyob rau hauv lub teev. Muaj ib hnub, nws pom hais tias ib co ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib pab neeg rugby nws mus ua si nyob rau hauv lub nrog, siv ib tug lub rooj vag es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug loj lub thawv.
Hlis ntuj nqeg 1, 1891, faib cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau hauv ob pawg, nws muaj tau cov pob nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo lub thawv, nyob rau hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub gym. Cov ntaub ntawv twb nyob rau hauv ib tug heap-tsawg, thaum lub defenders tau txais ib ncig ntawm lub box thiab tag sim nws los ntawm rivals. Nrog lub perimeter ntawm lub nrog muaj ib tug gallery, thiab James tuaj lub tswv yim tuaj rau nws opposite sab ntawm lub ob tag pob tawb, nyob rau hauv uas lub tsev kawm ntawv qib coj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lawv peb yuav mus tau ib tug tawv pob rau cov thawj nyob sab Europe football basketball, nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus.
Ib tug ntaub thaiv npog nplhaib thiab mesh
Lub qhov siab ntawm uas tau siv tam pob tawb, yog 305 centimeters, uas yog fwm nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub kev cai ntawm qhov kev ua si. Tam sim no thaiv lub tus nrog sib ntaus txhaj tshuaj ua ntau yooj yim, thiab qhov kev ua si mus ntxiv dynamic. Ruaj mas tshwm sim thaum lub tus saib xyuas, uas twb hnav lub npe ntawm Stebbins, yuav tsum tau txais cov khoom, ntaus lub hom phiaj. Tej zaum qhov no yog nws thawj thawj tas lub siab ntev, thiab nws txiav cov hauv qab tawm lub pob tawb rau tus pob nws poob down. Tsis ntev lub hlau rings tau ua nrog mesh, tsis tau hloov mus rau lub hnub tam sim no.
Qhov kev ua si yog li ntawd exciting tias tsis ntev cov kev sib tw pib nyiam kiv cua, sau lub gallery. Yuav kom pab rau kev ua si, Lawv yog cov feem ntau ntes tau cov pob ya dav ntawm lub cim, thiab nws txo qis nws mus rau lub pob tawb. Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub nplhaib ntawm tus tuaj pab dawb, yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug ntaub thaiv npog, uas tau txuas ib lub pob tawb. Tom qab, nws pib mus ua si ib tug txawv lub luag hauj lwm, tab sis tseem tseem ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cwj pwm ntawm basketball.
Tus thawj cov kev cai
Kuv to taub dab tsi ib tug kev ua si kev ua si Dzheyms Neysmit invented, yooj yim heev. Niaj hnub no, muaj zog hlau nplhaib yog muab nrog ib tug hluavtaws mesh yuav tsum mas tus luj ntawm ob-meter-ncaws pob, tab sis tseem hu ua lub pob tawb - nyob rau hauv lus Askiv lub pob tawb. Niaj hnub nimno pob los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb polymer - yog cov khoom ntawm sophisticated technology thiab siab tsim. Nws Dais me ntsis resemblance rau cov tawv football, uas ciali Naismith feem ntau tsim nyog, tab sis nws yog tseem hu ua nyob rau hauv lus Askiv pob - pob.
Cov kev cai ntawm basketball rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo tau hloov dramatically, ua qhov kev ua si tus ceev tshaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tiam sis ua ntej, tus thawj, luam tawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 15, 1892 nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntawv xov xwm, uas yog hu ua "Daim duab peb sab". Hnub no yog suav tias yog cov nom hnub yug ntawm basketball - ib tug ua si uas yog ua si niaj hnub no 300 lab.
Lub koob meej ntawm ad-dawb
Tshiab ua si - ib tug ceev ceev thiab exciting, nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav ua si nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab nyob rau hauv tsev, nrog rau tej yam yooj yim thiab meej cov kev cai, cov hluas nyiam tam sim ntawd. Los ntawm Naismith pib tig los ntawm qhov sib txawv tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm America, nug rau basketball kev cai. Nyob rau hauv 1892 nws luam tawm ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv tau formulated nyob rau hauv 13 cov ntsiab lus. Main kev cai ntawm cov kev cai khov khov thiab rau tam sim no tiam.
Sheet nrog typewritten kev cai, uas muab tso cia rau ib txhais tes Naismith header - «Basketball», muag nyob rau hauv xyoo 2010 nyob rau auction rau ntau tshaj 4 lab. Leej Txiv ntawm basketball nws tus kheej yog tsis koom nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb "txhawb" ntawm lub tshiab kev ua si, thiab tsis siv nws rau nws tus kheej-qib. Qhov kev ua si tau raug sau los ntawm Dzheyms Neysmit - Basketball, suav hais tias yog feem ntau "American", tab sis ib tug neeg xam xaj Asmeskas yug Canadian, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1925, 34 xyoo tom qab tos. Nws twb koom nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhia cov hauj lwm, tau txais ob peb degrees nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg, philosophy thiab tshuaj. Tab sis nws cov xeeb ntxwv sai nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.
Olympic ua si nawv
Nyob rau hauv 1898 muaj ib lub thawj kev pab koomtes nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Players tau txais $ 2.5 rau lub tsev ua si thiab $ 1.25 rau cov qhov rooj tawm. Tsawg tshaj li ib puas xyoo thiab ib tug ntawm cov hnub qub players lub NBA pab neeg "Washington nyias" Juwan Howard kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv uas nws tau txais rau xya lub caij ntawm 100 million dollars.
Thaum lub Olympic Games 1904 nyob rau hauv St. Louis twb muaj ib tug exhibition match nyob rau hauv basketball, thiab nyob rau hauv 1936 cov thawj nom kev sib tw nyob rau hauv uas lub US pab neeg ntawm cov Olympic ua si yog muaj nyob rau hauv Berlin, yeej nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm Canada nrog ib tug qhab nia ntawm 18: 9. Cov qhua ntawm yawm, uas ua ib lub cim lub ntsej muag-tawm nyob rau hauv lub kawg match, yog nws tus kheej lub inventor ntawm qhov kev ua si. Caw rau Olympics zoo tshaj plaws txoj cai ntawm lub IOC, nws muaj peev xwm mus ntsuam xyuas cov uas duav txhua yam ntawm tej chaw uas muaj gained thoob ntiaj teb nws brainchild.
Hwjchim ci ntsa iab lub neej thiab posthumous
Naismith tuag rau Kaum ib hlis 28, 1939, surrounded los ntawm tsib cov me nyuam thiab ntau cov xeeb ntxwv. Tej zaum James Naismith Tus invention ntawm lub chav rauj, raws li nws cov lus Askiv nyob ze namesake James Nasmyth, los yog, piv txwv li, ib tug tshuab xaws, thiab coj nws mus rau qhov kev vam meej thiab ib tug ntau ruaj ntseg lub neej. Tab sis txog thaum tam sim no, tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg yog xav thov ua tsaug rau txoj kev kaj siab uas coj nws tsim muaj.
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