"Vaj ntxwv lub nab": entertaining Science News for KIDS. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug "vaj ntxwv lub nab" nyob rau hauv lub tsev?

Rau ntau Science News for KIDS kawm ntawv yog ib tug tiag tiag lawm. Tab sis yog tias koj paub ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv no tshaj plaws, koj yuav tau siv ib tug entertaining kev kawm txawj thiab txaus siab rau nws. Thiab cov xib fwb yuav tsis mob nyiam nws cov tub kawm. Ua li no, paug suited lub thiaj li hu ua vaj ntxwv lub nab.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe

Ho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub npe "vaj ntxwv lub nab," tsis muaj leej twg paub, tab sis lub sij hawm nws biblical cov txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav impress vaj ntxwv, tus Yaj Saub Mauxes, nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm tus Tswv nws txawb nws neeg ua hauj lwm rau hauv av, thiab nws tau los ua ib tug nab. Thaum nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov raug xaiv, nabqa los ua ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm dua. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag ntawm yuav ua li cas cov no yog tau los ntawm thwmsim, thiab biblical cov txheej xwm muaj tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv ntau.

Los ntawm tej yam peb yuav tau txais, "vaj ntxwv lub nab"

Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lub nab yog mercury thiocyanate. Txawm li cas los, thwmsim nrog lawv yuav nqa tawm tsuas nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-txawm peem rau tshuaj laboratory. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog tshuaj lom thiab muaj ib tug tsis sib haum xeeb tsw resistant. A "vaj ntxwv lub nab" nyob rau hauv lub tsev muaj peev xwm yuav tsim tawm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, uas yog muag nyob rau hauv tej lub tsev muag tshuaj tsis muaj ib tug tshuaj, los yog chiv los ntawm ib tug khoom kho vajtse. Rau lub thwmsim siv calcium gluconate, methenamine, dej qab zib, hmoov qab zib, saltpetre thiab ntau yam uas yuav tau muas ntawm ib tug muag tshuaj los yog lub khw.

"Nab" ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj uas muaj sulfonamides

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav siv hauv tsev kev "vaj ntxwv lub nab" los ntawm medicinal tshuaj sulfa pab pawg neeg. Qhov no txhais tau tias xws li "Streptocide", "Biseptol", "Sulfadimezin", "Sulfadimetoksin" thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov tshuaj muaj lub tsev yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus. "Vaj ntxwv lub nab" ntawm sulfonamides tau ci iab gray qauv lawv zoo li cov pob kws sticks. Yog hais tias koj ua tib zoo khaws cov clamp los yog ncais "lub taub hau" ntawm tus nab, koj muaj peev xwm rub tawm ntawm ib ntsiav tshuaj yog txaus ntev nabqa.

Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau kev tshuaj thwmsim "vaj ntxwv nab" xav tau burner los yog qhuav roj thiab cov saum toj no-hais cov tshuaj. Ob peb cov ntsiav tshuaj nteg on ib tug qhuav haus dej haus cawv, uas cig. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj xws li xws tshuaj raws li nitrogen, cov leej faj dioxide, hydrogen sulfide thiab dej vapor. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mis yog raws li nram no:

C ₁₁ H ₁₂ N ₄ O ₂ S + 7O ₂ = 28C + 2H ₂ S ↑ + 2SO ₂ ↑ + 8N ₂ ↑ + 18H ₂ O

Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo, vim hais tias cov leej faj dioxide yog ib co tshuaj lom, raws li zoo raws li hydrogen sulfide. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj txoj kev uas yuav muab qhib lub chav tsev thaum lub sij hawm xyaum ua tej yam, los yog yuav muaj lub hood, nws yog zoo dua rau ua rau txoj kev los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas txawm peem rau kev kuaj.

"Nab" ntawm calcium gluconate

Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sim kawm ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg, txawm yog hais tias lawv yog siv sab nraum lub qhia tshwj xeeb uas txawm peem rau kev kuaj. "Vaj ntxwv nab" ntawm calcium gluconate yog tau tsuas.

Ua li no, siv sij hawm 2-3 ntsiav tshuaj ntawm tshuaj thiab ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm qhuav roj. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov nplaim taws tshuaj tiv thaiv pib, thiab los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj creeps gray "nab". Tej thwmsim nrog calcium gluconate yog kev nyab xeeb heev, tab sis tseem muaj nqis yuav tsum tau ceev faj nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev coj cwj pwm. Tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mis yog raws li nram no:

C ₁₂ H _{22 14} Cao + O2 = 10c + 2CO ₂ ↑ + Cao + 11H ₂ O

Raws li peb tau pom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim nrog evolution ntawm dej, carbon dioxide, carbon thiab calcium oxide. Nws ua rau cov pa roj evolution thiab kev loj hlob. "Vaj ntxwv lub nab" yog tau nyob rau hauv mus rau 15 centimeters, tab sis lawv yog cov luv luv-nyob. Thaum koj sim coj lawv nyob rau hauv tes, lawv ua txhaum li.

"Vaj ntxwv nab" - yuav ua li cas ua chiv?

Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug zaub vaj rau cov zajlus los yog tsev, nco ntsoov tias muaj ntau yam chiv. Feem ntau, uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub pantry thiab lub caij ntuj sov neeg nyob ua teb - nitrate los yog ammonium nitrate. Yuav kom muaj kev yuav tsum tau sifted dej xuab zeb, ib nrab ib tug me nyuam diav ntawm ammonium nitrate, ib nrab ib tug me nyuam diav ntawm hmoov qab zib, ib tug diav ntawm ethanol.

Nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub toj ntawm cov xuab zeb ua kom cov si nraum zoov. Qhov loj qhov txoj kab uas hla, lub thicker yuav tsum yog tus "nab". Zoo txawm lig los plhws rau ib tug sib tov ntawm ammonium nitrate thiab qab zib poured rau hauv lub caij so thiab yog lawm ua tus sau nrog ethyl cawv. cawv Cov nroj cig cuag Ces, maj mam tsim "nab".

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw raws li nram no:

2NH ₄ TSIS ₃ + C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ = 11C + 2N ₂ + CO ₂ + 15H ₂ O.

Emission ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv lub sim yuam kev ruaj ntseg cov txheej txheem.

"Vaj ntxwv nab" ntawm cov zaub mov

"Vaj ntxwv lub nab" yog tau tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov tshuaj los yog chiv. Rau cov xyaum ua tej yam, koj muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom xws li cov qab zib thiab dej qab zib. Tej cheebtsam muaj nyob rau ntawm tej chav ua noj. Los ntawm dej xuab zeb toj yog tsim nrog ib tug ua si nraum zoov thiab yog impregnated nrog haus dej haus cawv. Qab Zib thiab ci dej qab zib twb ua ke nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 4: 1, thiab poured rau hauv lub si nraum zoov. Cawv yog Cov nroj cig cuag.

Cov sib tov pib blacken thiab swell maj mam. Thaum tus cawv yog suab tsis tu tsis tseg mus hlawv, xuab zeb creeps ob peb crinkly "cov tsiaj reptiles". Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:

2NaHCO ₃ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + H ₂ O + CO _2,

C ₂ H ₅ OH + 3O ₂ = 2CO ₂ + 3H ₂ O

Cov sib tov twb decomposed rau hauv sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide thiab dej vapor. Nws gases yog yuam kom swell thiab loj hlob dej qab zib tshauv, uas yog tsis noj thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Lwm "nabqa" los ntawm kev noj tshuaj

Muaj yog ib tug yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav tau txais lub "vaj ntxwv lub nab" ntawm cov tshuaj. Ua li no yuav tsum tau yuav ib tug muag tshuaj tshuaj "Urotropin". Es tsis txhob ntsiav tshuaj tseem tau mus siv qhuav roj, muaj ib tug tshuaj. Tseem xav tau kev ammonium nitrate tshuaj. Cov tshuaj "Urotropin" nws yog tsim nyog los impregnate lawv. Txawm li cas los, ib tug yuav tam sim ntawd tau mus thov kom lub pib cov ntaub ntawv uas rau tag nrho cov tshuaj, yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv ib ob peb ncos thiab qhuav. Yog li lub ziab yuav tsum tau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.

Tom qab ntawd cov ntsiav tshuaj yog nroj cig cuag. Cov no tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas ib tug "nab" raws li "tus zaj". Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj saib, nws yog ib yam kev, "vaj ntxwv lub nab." Tab sis vim yog lub zog ntawm cov Cheebtsam yog ntau si nyhav tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm tej daim duab.

"Nab" ntawm mercury thiocyanate

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ib tug tshuaj kev, "Falaus nab" tau muab los ntawm ib tug kws kho me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1820. Fridrih Veler mixed tov ntawm mercurous nitrate thiab ammonium thiocyanate thiab yog ib tug dawb crystalline precipitate. Cov uas ua mercury thiocyanate pellet qhuav thiab muab hluav taws rau ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv cia li tawm ntawm xav paub. Los ntawm thaum pib mus rau nkag mus rau ntawm lub kub khoom nyob rau hauv cov xim dub thiab daj nab loj.

"Vaj ntxwv lub nab" ntawm mercury thiocyanate tau cias. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog tsim nyog los muab hluav taws rau ib tug thaum tshav kub kub-resistant nto. Raws li los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

2Hg (NCS) ₂ = 2HgS + C ₃ N ₄ + CS ₂

CS ₂ + 3O ₂ = CO ₂ + 2SO ₂

Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm thermal decomposition ntawm mercury thiocyanate mercury sulfide (muab "nabqa" dub), cov pa roj carbon nitride (lub luag hauj lwm rau daj coloration nab) thiab cov pa roj carbon disulfide (carbon disulfide). Xeem flares thiab tawg mus rau hauv roj - carbon oxide roj thiab leej faj, uas yog txhab carbon nitride. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, captures lub mercury sulphide, thiab lub resulting dub-daj "vaj ntxwv lub nab."

Qhov no yog los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias tsis yooj yim sua mus nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tsev! Dhau li ntawm tus fact uas nkev kuab lom tog, mercury vapor yog tso tawm. Mercury yog tshuaj lom los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab yuav ua mob loj heev tshuaj lom.

Security nyob rau hauv thwmsim

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj uas tej zaum yuav tig, "vaj ntxwv lub nab", pom tau hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, thwmsim yuav tsum tau nqa tawm heev kom zoo zoo. Raws li pom los ntawm cov saum toj no cov qauv, decomposition ntawm tshuaj lom Cheebtsam sawv tawm sufficiently, uas tej zaum yuav ua tau rau mob lom. Tag nrho thwmsim yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tsev xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug ventilated cheeb tsam los yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus muaj hwj huam extraction. Sim kawm nrog mercury thiocyanate yuav ua tau xwb nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb nruab lub chaw soj nstuam, nyob rau hauv raws li nrog tag nrho cov kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, peb yuav hais tias, siv rau kev ua hauj lwm tshuaj kev, "vaj ntxwv lub nab," tus xib fwb tej yam cov me nyuam kawm raws li nws cov kev kawm. Cov zaj lus qhia no tej zaum yuav xav, txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis to taub thiab tsis nyiam Science News for KIDS. Thiab cov neeg uas xav kom xyaum es tsis txhob ntawm boring theoretical suav, yuav muaj ib tug ntxiv kom muaj siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm science.