Yuav ua li cas yog adjectives thiab metaphors, simile, personification?

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sau ib phau ntawv los yog ua rau nws ib tug kaj, catchy thiab kev paub qhia lo, tus sau phau ntawv siv tej tswv yim zoo hom kev kawm, hu ua tsoos paths thiab cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus. Cov muaj xws li: ib tug piv txwv qhia, epithet, personification, hyperbole, kev sib piv, allegory, periphrasis, thiab lwm yam nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv uas ib lo lus los yog qhia siv nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab, yuav ua rau tag nrho cov no ntau qhia.

Tom ntej no peb yuav kawm tau li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntau yam kev taug thiab cov hau kev rau lawv siv.

Yuav ua li cas yog adjectives thiab metaphors

Cov ntau ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau cov lus txhais tau tias kev qhia yog adjectives thiab metaphors.

Lo lus "epithet" nyob rau hauv Greek yog teem rau "daim ntawv thov". Uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub npe twb muaj ib tug piav qhia txog cov essence - lub ntsiab txhais ntawm uas yog vividly characterizes ib tug kwv los yog phenomenon. Lub feature uas yog qhia epithet, thiaj li mus koom nrog cov piav yam khoom, nws complements nws lub siab lub ntsws thiab txawm semantically.

Nyob rau hauv kev kawm yam lus thiab lexicography muaj tseem tsis muaj feem ntau txais kev tshawb xav piav raws nraim li cas epithets thiab metaphors. Feem ntau tham txog peb hom kev adjectives:

• Cov hom lus - qhov sawv daws yuav uas muaj muaj zog, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv sib txuas lus hais lus (silver lwg, ntsim txias, etc ...);
• pej xeem paj huam - siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tej hauj lwm (lupus nkauj xwb qab zib hais lus zoo khub, thiab lwm yam ...);
• ib tug neeg sau - tsim los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv ntawm phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm (futlyarnoy xav txog kev teem (A. P. Chehov), scratchy ob lub qhov muag (Gorky)).

Ua piv txwv qhia, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub epithets - tsis yog tsuas yog ib lo lus, tab sis kuj yog ib tug qhia tias yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab. Metaphors raug xaiv rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev zoo sib thooj los yog, conversely, tus zoo ntawm tej phenomena los yog tej khoom.

Yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg ib tug ua piv txwv qhia yog siv

Ntau, dab tsi adjectives thiab metaphors, thiab dab tsi yog lawv sib txawv, nws yuav tsum to taub los nkag siab txog hais tias tej uas yuav tsum tau rau kev siv ntawm lub yav tas yog lawv originality, qhov txawv muaj peev xwm mus ua kev xav koom haum ua teb thiab pab ua kom paub tej kev tshwm sim los yog tshwm sim.

Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub metaphorical piav qhia ntawm lub hmo ntuj ntuj nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Peb" Gorky: "Kab lig ntuj nyiaj daim ntaub kis tawm thoob plaws lub ntuj los ntawm ib kawg mus rau lwm - mus saib nws los ntawm cov ceg ntawm tsob ntoo yog qab ntxiag thiab tu siab."

Siv ib tug template, poob los ntawm nquag siv nws originality thiab lub siab lub ntsws saturation metaphors yuav txo tau qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los yog tus hais lus Huab Tais Ntuj hais.

Tsis muaj tsawg txaus ntshai thiab tej zaum yuav ntev li, cov abundance ntawm metaphors. Peb yog nyob rau hauv xws li mob ua tsis tas flowery thiab ornate, yog vim li cas muaj peev xwm yuav tawg thiab nws cov xaav.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ua piv txwv qhia thiab chaw

Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm yog tej zaum kuj heev nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv raws nraim uas ke tus sau siv. Ua li no, koj xav tau ntau lub sij hawm kom to taub cov kev sib piv, yog dab tsi adjectives thiab metaphors.

Ua piv txwv qhia yog ib tug zoo cov txheej txheem, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug analogy, hloov qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov duab, ntsis, "Sawv ntxov luag qhov rais. Nws ob lub qhov muag - tsaus agates. "

Tib yam li epithet - yog ib tug ntawm metaphors mob, nws yog yooj yim los mus hais tias - artistic txhais ( "Sov mis nyuj tsaus ntuj zuag hws khov txias hnub qub").

Raws li cov foregoing, nws yog twb tau to taub dab tsi yog ua piv txwv qhia, epithet, personification thiab nrhiav tau lawv nyob rau hauv cov nram no piv txwv: "Nws tau raug pom raws li ib tug ntev lub koob raced nrog zoo siab lub ntuj xiav, los ntawm lub siab hazy huab, dauv ..." (Ivan Bunin, "Tus me romance ").

Nws yog tseeb hais tias muaj tau siv thiab metaphors (dauv ya mus ntev koob), thiab adjectives (los ntawm nchauv huab) thiab personification (kev lom zem lub ntuj xiav).

Personification - piv txwv qhia, allegory tshwj xeeb

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yog ib tug ua piv txwv qhia, epithet, lub personification? Qhov no, raws li koj paub, txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus cwj pwm ntawm cov phenomenon los yog yam khoom, ib yam ntawm yus xim, uas ua rau ib tug sau los yog hais tiag tiag li thiab nco.

Thiab nyob rau hauv no series yuav qhia tau personification - tshwj xeeb ke, muaj ib tug ntev li keeb kwm yos rov qab mus rau lub pej xeem kos duab. Impersonation - yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm ib tug allegory, cov kev hloov ntawm lub thaj chaw ntawm nyob beings rau lub phenomena los yog tej khoom.

Nyob rau kev siv cov impersonation, thiab ua ib tug ntawm lub ze tshaj rau lus dab neeg lwm yam - ib tug dab neeg.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tej tropes raws li ib tug ua piv txwv qhia, epithet, simile, personification - nws yog tseem heev yig txais tos. Thov nws, tsis txhob xav tau ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm cov kev kawm, nws yog txaus los sib piv nws nrog ib yam dab tsi twb paub ua qhov tsim nyog koom haum: "Yuav ua li cas pitiful them Dilapidated straw rau hauv av plab ingrown hatenki nyob deb nroog landless neeg pluag, landless peasants!" (JS Sokolov-Mikita, "Childhood").

Hais tias xws li ib tug kev sib piv

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam ib tug ua hauj lwm devoid ntawm kev sib piv, kev sib piv ntawm ib yam dab tsi nrog ib yam dab tsi, similes ib cov kev tshwm sim mus rau lwm lub, enabling ntau yog, vividly tau piav rau lawv thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm rau kev nws tus cwj pwm ntawm lawv.

Classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv skillfully mastered rau lub kos duab siv epithets, metaphors, similes: "Nyob rau hauv xiav, dotted nrog ci hnub qub saum ntuj ceeb tsheej velvet dub ntoo qauv yog zoo ib yam li lwm tus neeg ob txhais tes outstretched rau lub ntuj nyob rau hauv ib qho los mus cuag nws cov heights" (Maxim Gorky, "Peb" ).

Nyuaj mob nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim cov kev sib piv

Tej zaum piav saum toj no qhia txoj kev - cov kev sib piv - yog heev yooj yim mus paub qhov txawv ntawm tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv uas cov kab lus cia li siv lo lus nrog lub koom haum "yuav ua li cas", "ua li cas yog" thiab "yog", tab sis rau lwm yam hom phiaj.

Ib zaug ntxiv - cov epithets, metaphors, kev sib piv yog paths uas yuav pab txhawb kev kawm, "xim", hais tias. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov kab lus "Peb pom yuav ua li cas nws mus maj mam mus rau hauv lub hav zoov," yog tsis muaj kev sib piv, muaj ib pab neeg, txuas qhov chaw ntawm ib tug complex kab lus. Lub tswv yim txog yog "Peb txawm tawm mus rau txoj kev hauv tsev, qhov twg nws twb tsaus ntuj thiab no raws li ib tug cellar" (Bunin) muab piv rau cov qhia tau meej heev (raws li txias raws li ib tug cellar).

Txoj kev rau muab piv rau cov qhia

Thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm ua piv txwv qhia, epithet, simile, personification yuav thaum kawg nrog txhua txhua txoj kev, si ib me ntsis ntxiv rau cov kev sib piv.

Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev:

• .. Siv revolutions nrog cov lus "ua li cas", "meej," "zoo li," thiab lwm yam ( "Nws cov plaub hau curled li antennae taum mog");
• comparative degree chaw los yog adverb ( "lus sharper rab chais");
• ablative noun ( "nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm ib tug nightingale hu nkauj hlub");
• thiab lexically (siv cov lo lus "zoo li", "zoo ib yam li" thiab thiaj li. d.).

Yuav ua li cas yog hyperbole

Los ntawm cov kev siv ntawm tej tropes raws li ib tug ua piv txwv qhia, epithet, simile, hyperbole yog ntawm kev richness, exaggerated point. Muaj ntau tus sau phau ntawv nkag siv cov txheej txheem no: "Nws yog heev impassive, ib co pob zeb, xeb lub ntsej muag."

Rau hyperbolic hom kev kawm yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau cov xav tsis thoob giants, thiab Thumbelina, thiab cov tub nrog tus ntiv tes xoo, nyob ib fairy taleas. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub epics hyperbole - ib tug indispensable attribute: Silushka heroes muaj ib txwm exorbitant, thiab tus yeeb ncuab - saj yam iab thiab tsis muaj xov tooj.

Txawm nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais tej lus uas muaj nyob hyperbole: "Peb tsis tau pom txhua lwm yam rau ib txhiab xyoo!" Los yog "nchuav ib tug hiav txwv ntawm lub kua muag."

Ua piv txwv qhia epithet sib piv hyperbola thiab yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ua ke, tsim kev sib piv hyperbolic los yog impersonation thiab metaphors ( "nag khoom phab ntsa").

Lub peev xwm siv txoj ke yuav ua kom koj hais lus zoo li tus thiab kaj

Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm txawm V. G. Belinsky sib cav hais tias hais lus zoo thiab hais lus zoo zoo - nws tsis yog tus qub tshaj plaws. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm irreproachable los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, tej zaum nws yuav nyuaj rau tsuab.

Thiab los ntawm cov saum no, tej zaum koj twb to taub dab tsi ib tug piv txwv qhia, epithet, personification, thiab hais tias paub yuav ua li cas siv tau cov no txoj kev yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb. Yuav pab koj nrog tib txawj xav nyeem ntawv ntawm cov classics - raws li nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntshai li tus qauv daim ntawv thov ntawm tag nrho cov stylistic richness ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.

Tau tseeb txog Gogol tus kab: "... cov lus zoo li paj, xws li kev sib tw, muaj kua thiab kaj ...", nyob rau hauv uas ib tug me me txheej ntawm artistic txhais tau tias tus neeg sau tau muaj kev tswj kom meej meej qhia nws lub tswv yim ntawm lub suab ntawm lo lus. Thiab nco ntsoov, hais tias piv txwv qhia, hyperbole epithet - cov cuab yeej uas ottochat koj hais lus thiab, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum kawm kom paub siv lawv!