Leej twg sau tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita? Lub keeb kwm ntawm tus tshiab "Master thiab Margarita"

Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv sau tau ntev dhau los thiab yog ib qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws tseem nyiam nrog cov menyuam yaus. Ua tsaug rau tsev kawm ntawv cov kev pabcuam, yuav luag txhua tus paub txog qhov tshiab thiab tus uas tau sau. "Master thiab Margarita" - ib phau tshiab uas sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tshaj plaws, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov.

Tsis yog-indifference rau tus tshiab

Muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm no. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov nyeem tau muab faib ua ob thaj chaw: cov neeg uas nyiam qhov tshiab thiab qhuas nws, thiab cov neeg uas ntxub nws, thiab tseem tsis paub qhov ntse ntawm Bulgakov. Tab sis muaj ib feem peb, qhov tsawg, qeb. Nws tuaj yeem raug vim, tej zaum, tsuas yog rau cov me nyuam yaus xwb. Cov no yog cov neeg uas tsis tau hnov txog cov ntawv tshiab thiab tsis paub leej twg yog tus sau.

"Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" - yog ib qho ntawm feem extraordinary thiab mysterious prose. Ntau cov neeg sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau neeg txawj ntse tau sim daws qhov teebmeem ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab kev vam meej nrog tus nyeem ntawv. Txog thaum kawg ntawm qhov no, tsis muaj leej twg tau ua tiav.

Tsis ntau npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem rov qab thiab hu ua tej hauj lwm, uas yuav muaj chaw nyob nws cov lus tsis sib haum. Hais txog Bulgakov lub tshiab lawv tsis tas mus rau hnub no. Lawv hais txog phau ntawv Biblical ntawm zaj dab neeg, txog cov qauv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb, hais txog kev ntseeg thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov dab neeg, hais txog leej twg tseem yog lub cim tseem ceeb, thiab txawm hais txog qhov ib hom ntawv sau ua haujlwm.

Peb theem ntawm kev sau ntawv tshiab, raws li BV Sokolov

Cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv "Master and Margarita", thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no, txawv. Piv txwv, Sokolov, tus sau phau ntawv Bulgakov phau Encyclopedia, faib cov ntawv tshiab ntawm cov ntawv tshiab rau hauv peb theem. Nws hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm pib xyoo 1928. Xwb, nws yog ces tus kws sau ntawv "The Master and Margarita" tau sau nws, thiab sau ib tshooj ntawv pib thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1929. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm tib lub xyoo thawj ua tiav tau tshaj tawm. Tab sis, ces nws tsis ntsees hais tias leej twg yog tus sau phau ntawv, leej twg sau tau. "Master thiab Margarita" txawm tsis yog lub npe ntawm txoj haujlwm. Cov ntawv sau npe hu ua "Furybunda" tau muab rau lub tsev luam "Nedra" nyob hauv K. Tugai pseudonym. Thiab nyob rau yim cuaj xyoo ntawm lub Peb Hlis 1930 nws raug puas los ntawm tus sau nws tus kheej. Yog li xaus rau thawj theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm kho, faib los ntawm Boris Vadimovich Sokolov.

Qhov thib ob theem pib hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1936. Thiab nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsis muaj leej twg paub hais tias lub tshiab yuav raug hu ua raws li peb tam sim no accustomed rau. Bulgakov, tus uas tau sau, xav txawv. "Master and Margarita" yog ib txoj haujlwm uas tau txais ntau lub npe ntawm nws tus sau: "Nws tau tshwm" thiab "Nws tau tshwm", "Los", "Grand Chancellor", "Kuv nyob ntawm no", "The Black Magician", " , "Hoof consultant" thiab "Horseshoe txawv teb chaws", "Dub theologian", thiab txawm tias "Xatas". Tsuas yog ib qho subtitle thiaj tseem tsis tau hloov: Tus Zoo Tshiab.

Thiab, thaum kawg, peb theem - los ntawm thib ob ib nrab ntawm 1936 mus rau thaum xaus ntawm 1938. Thaum xub thawj cov ntawv tshiab hu ua "Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kev Tsaus Ntuj", tiam sis tom qab ntawd nws tseem pom ib lub npe rau peb. Thiab nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau hauv 1938, nws yog kiag li reprinted rau thawj lub sij hawm.

Txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim nrog cov ntawv tshiab ntxiv, Sokolov tsis xav txog cov khoom, tab sis hais rau tus sau phau ntawv.

Cuaj ntaub ntawv xov xwm, raws li Losev

V. Losev tau kawm biography thiab tsim tau ntawm Mikhail Afanasievich rau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo. Nws cais cov keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv tus tshiab rau cuaj qhov chaw, zoo li tus sau nws tus kheej.

• Thawj tsab - "Dub Magician". Cov ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv tshiab, thawj phau ntawv sau rau hauv 1928-1929. Nws tseem tsis tau muaj Master thiab Margarita, thiab tsuas muaj plaub tshooj.
• Qhov thib ob yog "Lub hoof ntawm ib tug engineer". Qhov no yog qhov thib ob phau ntawv sau ntawm tib lub xyoo. Qhov no zoo li kev txuas ntxiv, qhov thib ob ntawm thawj tsab ntawm txoj haujlwm. Tsuas muaj peb tshooj hauv nws xwb, tab sis twb muaj ib lub tswv yim rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv tshiab - ib seem hu ua "Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm Woland".
• Qhov thib peb yog "Hmo Ntuj ntawm lub hnub Xya Coj." Cov ntawv sau, sketches rau tus tshiab, sau nyob rau hauv 1929-1931. Tseem tshuav peb tshooj. Thiab txog rau thaum kawg version ntawm lawv tuaj tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Griboyedov.
• Plaub - "Tus Grand Chancellor". Thawj daim ntawv sau ua tiav. Ntawm no twb muaj cov Margarita thiab nws tus hlub. Tab sis nws lub npe tsis yog Xib Hwb, tab sis Poet.
• Thib tsib - "Tus dab tshiab zoo heev." Cov tshooj no yog sau dua tshiab thiab ua tiav rau xyoo 1934-1936. Muaj cov ntsiab lus tshiab, tiam sis tsis muaj kev hloov loj.
• Qhov thib rau yog Golden Hmuv. Qhov no yog ib qho tsis tiav sau ntawv txiav tawm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm "Magic Money".
• Lub xya - "Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Tsaus Ntuj." Thawj tshooj kaum peb tshooj ntawm cov ntawv tshiab. Hlub zaj dabneeg Lub Master thiab Margarita tsis nyob ntawm no, thiab txhua yam yog txiav tawm nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm cov protagonist. Berlioz hu ua Mircev ntawm no.
• Lub tshooj yim yog Master thiab Margarita. Cov phau ntawv qhia txog daim ntawv puv ntoob thiab daim npav ntawm 1928-1937. Thiab nws yog no version uas tau luam tawm los ntawm Elena Bulgakova tus viv ncaus Olga Bokshanskaya.
• Lub cuaj yog qhov Master thiab Margarita. Lub xeem thiab zaum kawg version, nrog rau tag nrho cov tseeb loov ntxiv thiab cov lus los ntawm Mikhail Afanasyevich. Nws tau luam tawm tom qab tus kws sau ntawv Elena Sergeevna tuag, nws tus poj niam, xyoo 1966 tuag.

Variant ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Belobrovtseva thiab Kulius

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, lawv version zoo ib yam li cov Losev, txij thaum lawv pom zoo nrog tus neeg txiav txim siab txog thawj tsab ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov thib ob tsab xov tooj hu cov thawj ntawm "The Hoof of an engineer", uas tau muab rau lub tsev publishing "Nedra". Nws nyob ntawm no rau thawj thawj zaug uas tus Xib Hwb pom, leej twg hu ua Fezey. Nws plays ib feem ntawm Faust txawm tias tsis muaj Marguerite. Qhov thib peb version, raws li Belobrovtseva thiab Kulius, yog "Zoo Phoo Vaj Tse" sau los ntawm Bulgakov xyoo 1932, uas tus Xib Hwb tig los ntawm Fezi rau Paj Huam thiab Margarita. Lawv xav txog plaub tsab ntawm 1936, uas yog ua tiav rau thawj zaug nrog lo lus "kawg". Tom ntej no los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo 1937 - tsis muaj npe tshiab "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Tsaus Ntuj". Thiab ces tus ntawv sau luam los ntawm OS Bokshanskaya. Twb nws cov editing los ntawm sau phau ntawv yog suav tias yog lub xya tsab. Thiab lub yim thiab kawg - ib tug uas raug tswj los ntawm Bulgakov tus poj niam ua ntej nws tuag thiab luam tawm tom qab nws tuag.

Phau ntawv raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas peb paub nws, rau thawj zaug hauv phau ntawv "Moscow" hauv xyoo 1966. Cov hauj lwm tam sim ntawd tau koob meej, thiab lub npe ntawm Bulgakov tsis tuaj ntawm lub duav ntawm contemporaries. Tom qab ntawd tiag tsis muaj leej twg muaj lus nug txog qhov uas tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm yog, leej twg tau sau. "Master thiab Margarita" - ib phau ntawv tshiab uas ua rau lub tswv yim zoo. Thiab nws tseem ua rau lub hom.