Niaj hnub tsis tseeb, nws yog dab tsi: kev nyeem ib zaug los yog cov ntaub ntawv loj?

Thaum "tearful" romance novels thiab exciting detectives, chilling mystical novels thiab zoo dab neeg dhuav, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntawv tsis tseeb. Dab tsi ntawm hom ntawv yog nws, uas nws muaj koob npe, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov publishers, nce txhua txhua xyoo? Dab tsi yog nws cov nta thiab rau leej twg nws yog nthuav? Peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntaub ntawv: yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau cov ntawv qhia ntawm txhua phau ntawv yog nws cov khoom rau hauv kev kos duab thiab txhua tus so - tsis tseeb (tsis tseeb). Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm xws li novels, cov dabneeg luv luv, plays, dab neeg, ntaus nqi mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, yog ua txhua yam kom muaj cov zajlus cim thiab yees zaj dab neeg. Lawv yog cov poetic thiab prosaic. Nyob rau hauv lem, tag nrho cov artistic txawj tej hauj lwm raug muab faib ua pawg xws li kev txawj ntse prose thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawv tseeb.

Tsis zoo li artistic, tsis tseeb, cov ntawv nyeem tsis siv zaj dab neeg, cov dab neeg thiab cov cim, thiab nws nthuav tawm:

• Cov phau ntawv kawm;
• Dictionaries;
• Cov Lus Cim;
• Monographs;
• Kev sau xovxwm;
• Cov Biographies;
• Memoirs thiab lwm cov ntawv.

Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb?

Wb saib lub ntsiab txhais ntawm cov ntawv tsis tseeb, nws yog dabtsi. Raws li twb tau hais, nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis txua cov txheej xwm thiab tseeb, raws li nws yog artistic thiab journalistic txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv uas tus sau los ntawm lub plaub ntawm nws zoo nkauj, zoo thiab tsis zoo zoo li tus xaav, sau ua ntaub ntawv thiab muaj tiag account ntawm qhov tseeb yog lub cim thiab tej xwm txheej. Vim tias qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog, kos duab ntawm kev muaj lub ntsiab lus, tus kws sau ntawv siv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab ntau hom kev qhia rau cov duab pom hauv cov haujlwm. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus tsis yog cov ntsiab lus tseemceeb, muaj kev sib raug zoo rau kev ua neej thiab cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej.

Thaum twg tsis yog lus tseeb?

Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, lub sij hawm ntawm qhov zoo li ntawm lub sij hawm "tsis tseeb" thiab thawj txoj hauj lwm vim hais tias qhov ib hom ntawv yog suav 1965, thaum phau ntawv "Txiav Txim Siab" los ntawm Truman Capote tau luam tawm. Txog thaum lub sij hawm no, peb yuav tsis sib ceg, tab sis nyob ntawm no, raws li niaj hnub no hu ua, cov neeg sawv cev hauv kev ncig teb chaws, los yog kev sau ntawv mus txawv tebchaws (xws li Radishchev's "Travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow", "Frigate Pallada" IA Goncharov los yog Herzen "Yav tag los thiab xav") tau tsim ua ntej lub sijhawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua XX. Uas yog cia li nyeem lawv, peb tsis twv tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab tsis yog phau ntawv sau!

Peb yuav tsis sib ceg, tab sis cia peb hu ib ob peb niaj hnub classics ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb yuav tsum hais Stephen Hawking, ib lub npe nrov tshaj kawm theoretical physicists. Los ntawm nws phau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm science uas tsis yog-ntawv tseeb feem ntau ntawm cov Earthlings kawm txog dub qhov thiab lawv lub zog.

Capote nrog "txias-blooded tua neeg" yog suav hais tias yog classic ntawm tus tshiab-reportage. Thomas Wolfe, nrog rau cov phau ntawv tshawb fawb "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test" thiab "Lub Kandy-Kaus Npau Suav Keeb Kwm Taw Taws Kiag" uas tau ua kev zoo nkauj nyob rau ob feem pua ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tau tsim ib txoj kev tshiab rau kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv.

Hom kev tsis tseeb

Teb cov lus nug txog kev tsis tseeb - nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog nws txoj kev paub ntau yam, vim nws tsis yog ntau yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sau ntaub ntawv, nws kuj qhia txog cov teb chaws thiab cov nroog, cov neeg sau ntawv, sau ntawv xov xwm thiab sau ntawv. Cov hauj lwm ntawm hom ntawv no tuaj yeem ua kom lom zem los qhia txog yam uas nyuaj, piv txwv, hauv phau ntawv "Eureka" ntau tshaj 300 tawm phau ntawv, tau siv thiab nthuav qhia txog ntau yam kev kawm thiab lawv keeb kwm. Lwm tus, xws li, piv txwv, cov phau ntawv "Iav" los ntawm N. Kachalov lossis "Tshuaj los ntawm Laj, los yog Ice Cream History" los ntawm I. Bogdanov, tuaj yeem muab rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshaj plaws thiab niaj hnub ua rau peb.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsis yog lus tseeb, nyob ntawm kev tshuam ntawm kev sau ntawv xov xwm thiab kev sau ntawv, muaj ntau lub tswv yim, tab sis peb yuav xav txog qhov uas feem ntau siv hauv phau ntawv "chav ua noj":

• Cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv sau;
• Documentary keeb kwm;
• Ntaus;
• Cov ntawv sau qhia (cov tswvcuab txawv tebchaws);
• Kev thuam;
• Kev tshawb nrhiav;
• Cov phau ntawv kawm;
• Qhia tawm rau tus kheej;
• Dictionaries;
• Cov Lus Cim;
• Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.

Cov kev tshwm sim tsis ntev dhau los yog cov ntawv luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm, uas cia koj sai sai kom tau cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau.

Nta ntawm hom ntawv nyeem

Peb tau kov, txawm li cas los, me ntsis superficially, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem uas tsis yog lus tseeb. Nws yog dab tsi? Noog me ntsis txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:

- qhov tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg muaj nqi heev;

- zaj dab neeg ntawm cov xwm txheej los ntawm tus kheej txoj kev xav ntawm tus sau;

- kev siv ntau yam txuj ci thiab kev ua haujlwm;

- kev tsim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li txoj cai ntsiab lus "scene tom qab scene".

Leej twg yog nws tshaj tawm?

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ntau science nrov thiab journalistic ntaub ntawv, memoirs thiab biographies tau ua. Nws rov qab zoo li cov phau ntawv zoo li ZHZL - "Lub neej zoo tshaj" (Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing House), History of Science thiab Technology, Phab Ntawv ntawm Keeb Kwm Ntawm Peb Txoj Kev Vam Meej, thiab Kvant Library (Nauka Publishers). Niaj hnub no nws yog nyuaj rau lub npe rau tej yam loj Lavxias teb sab publishing tsev, tsis tseeb ntawv publishing. Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam ntawm "qhov tseeb" cov ntaub ntawv - lub tsev publishing "UFO" - luam tawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawm keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los, muab lawv tso rau hauv "Kab lis kev cai ntawm Everyday Life", thiab hauv "Exmo" series "Biographies of the Great. Npaj txhij txog foreshortening "," Memoirs - XXI xyoo pua "," Cov poj niam ntawm Silver Hnub nyoog ". "AST-Xovxwm" luam tawm cov "Science thiab Peace", cov xibfwb qhia "Languages Without Brades", lub tsev luam "Kuchkovo Field" luam tawm cov cim, thiab lub tuam txhab "Kolibri" - ntau yam "hauv lawv tus kheej", cov phau ntawv uas qhia txog cov yam yooj yim , Xws li ntsev thiab lwm tus. "Ajax-xovxwm" luam tawm ib cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia "Cov Lus Qhia rau kev Siv".