Ytterbium fiber laser: lub ntaus ntawv, cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub hwj chim, ntau lawm, siv

Fiber lasers yog compact thiab check, yog, thiab yooj yim rau nphoo ntxias thaum tshav kub kub. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab muaj ib tug ntau heev yuav ua nrog lasers ntawm lwm yam muaj lawv cov cim zoo.

Fiber lasers: lag luam

Devices ntawm no hom yog cov txheej txheem variation ntawm cov khoom-xeev qhov chaw ntawm coherent tawg los ntawm lub fiber, es tsis txhob pas nrig ua hauj lwm kua, ib lub phaj los yog disc. Lub teeb generated los ntawm cov dopant nyob rau hauv lub central feem ntawm lub fiber. Cov yooj yim qauv yuav yog los ntawm tej yam yooj yim rau tag nrho complex. Ytterbium fiber laser apparatus xws li hais tias cov fiber muaj ib tug loj nto rau volume ratio, yog li lub tshav kub muaj peev xwm yuav diffused kuj yooj yim.

Fiber lasers yog pumped optically, feem ntau nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm diode lasers, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub - tib yam qhov chaw. Optics siv nyob rau hauv cov systems no feem ntau yog sawv cev rau optic Cheebtsam, nyob rau feem ntau los yog tag nrho ntawm lawv yog kev cob cog rua rau txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, ib tug tej optics, thiab tej zaum kuj nrog kho qhov muag fiber system yog ua ke nrog ib tug sab nraud tej optics.

Ib tug diode twj tso kua mis qhov twg los tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug diode array, los yog ib tug plurality ntawm ib tug neeg diodes, txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub connector fiber optic waveguide. Doped fiber nyob rau txhua kawg muaj ib daim iav kab noj hniav resonator - nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ua lub fiber Bragg grating. Thaum lub xaus ntawm tej optics muaj, yog hais tias tsis tsuas yog tus tso zis beam nkag mus rau ib yam dab tsi lwm yam tshaj li fiber. Lub teeb qhia tej zaum yuav yog cov uas yog ua qhov kev kawm laser kab noj hniav tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug ntev ntawm ob peb meters.

binuclear

Qauv fibers siv nyob rau hauv fiber lasers, yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Feem ntau yog cov geometry ntawm ib tug dual-core qauv. Undoped txheej tub ntxhais (tej zaum raug xa mus rau raws li lub intima) pumped sau lub teeb thiab coj nws nrog lub fiber. Tsa tawg generated nyob rau hauv lub fiber kis tau los ntawm lub puab tub ntxhais, uas yog feem ntau ib tug tib hom. Lub puab tub ntxhais muaj ib tug additive ytterbium, tsa los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis lub teeb. Muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm noncircular txheej tub ntxhais xws li - hexagonal, D-zoo li tus thiab rectangular, txo qhov yuav tshwm ntawm misses lub teeb beam nyob rau hauv lub central tub ntxhais.

Lub fiber laser yuav muaj hnub kawg los yog sab siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj lub teeb los ntawm ib tug los yog ntau tshaj qhov chaw nkag mus rau hauv fiber kawg. Thaum lub sab siv lub teeb yog nkag mus rau ib tug splitter uas pub tau mov rau nws mus rau hauv lub txheej tub ntxhais. Qhov no txawv los ntawm cov laser pas nrig nyob qhov twg lub teeb nkag mus rau lawv mus rau lub axis.

Rau xws li ib tug kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas. Txiav txim siab mloog yog them rau cov ntsiab lus lub twj tso kua mis lub teeb rau hauv cov tub ntxhais mus ua ib tug pej xeem inversion, ua rau stimulated emission nyob rau hauv lub puab tub ntxhais. laser tub ntxhais yuav muaj ntau degrees ntawm amplification nyob rau hauv lub fiber nyob rau hauv lub doping, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv nws ntev. Tej yam zoo yog teem raws li ib tug tsim engineer rau qhov yuav tsum tau tsis.

Fais fab kev txwv tej zaum yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb yog thaum kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib zaug xwb-hom fiber. Xws li ib tug tub ntxhais muaj ib tug heev me me ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim kis therethrough teeb ntawm heev siab siv. Thaum zoo li no yog ua ntau pronounced uas tsis yog-linear Brillouin scattering, uas txwv lub hwj chim zis ntawm ob peb txhiab tus watts. Yog hais tias cov qhov tso zis yog siab txaus, tus fiber kawg tej zaum yuav puas ntsoog.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fiber lasers

Kev siv cov fiber li ua hauj lwm kua muab ntau dua sis ntev, uas ua hauj lwm zoo thaum lub diode siv. Qhov no geometry tau nyob rau hauv ib tug siab hloov dua siab tshiab efficiency ntawm photons, raws li zoo raws li txhim khu kev qha thiab compact siv, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj discrete optics, yuav tsum hloov los yog kawm tuab si lug.

Ib tug fiber laser, uas apparatus tso cai rau nws mus hloov zoo, yuav muab siv tau rau welding ntawm tuab hlau los xij thiab los tsim femtosecond pulses. Fiber-optic amplifiers muab ib leeg-pass nce thiab siv nyob rau hauv telecommunications, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom nrov loj ntau wavelengths ib txhij. Cov tib nce yog siv nyob rau hauv hwj chim amplifiers nrog ib tug tswv oscillator. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub amplifier yuav ua nrog ib tug tas mus yoj laser.

Lwm cov piv txwv yog ib qhov chaw ntawm txawj emission los ntawm cov fiber-qhov cuab lub zog, nyob rau hauv uas lub stimulated emission yog suppressed. Lwm cov piv txwv yog ib tug Raman fiber laser ua ke nrog ntau zog dispersion, tshuam shear wavelength. Nws tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, qhov twg ua ke nrog cov cim thiab amplification siv ib tug fluoride iav es tus qauv silica fibers.

Txawm li cas los, feem ntau, fibers ua los ntawm silica iav nrog tsawg-lub ntiaj teb dopant nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais. Cov yooj yim additives yog ytterbium thiab erbium. Ytterbium muaj wavelengths los ntawm 1030 mus 1080 nm, thiab tej zaum yuav emit tshaj ib tug ntau yam. Kev siv ntawm 940-nm diode twj tso kua mis ho thiaj li tshaj ntawm photons. Ytterbium muaj nuj nqis ib tug self-quenching teebmeem, uas yog nyob rau ntawm neodymium nyob rau high school densities, li ntawd, lub caij nyoog kawg no yog siv nyob rau hauv tej lasers thiab ytterbium - nyob rau hauv fiber (nkawd ob leeg muab hais txog cov tib wavelength).

Erbium emits nyob rau hauv ntau 1530-1620 nm, ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau lub qhov muag. Lub zaus yuav ob npaug los ua kom muaj lub teeb nyob rau 780 nm, uas yog tsis muaj nyob rau lwm hom ntawm fiber lasers. Thaum kawg, ytterbium yuav muab ntxiv rau erbium yog li ntawd lub caij yuav nqus cov twj tso kua mis tawg thiab kis no lub zog mus erbium. Thulium - lwm dopant mus rau lub emission nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze infrared cheeb tsam, uas li no yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau lub qhov muag duab.

high efficiency

Lub fiber laser yog ib tug quasi-peb-theem system. lub twj tso kua mis photons siab rau txoj kev hloov los ntawm qhov av xeev mus rau lub sab sauv txheej. Laser txoj kev hloov yog los ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj feem ntawm lub sab sauv theem ntawm ib qho ntawm lub cais av lub xeev. Qhov no yog heev zoo: piv txwv li, ytterbium-940 nm photon twj tso kua mis emits ib photon nrog wavelength ntawm 1030 nm, thiab cov quantum kho raws (zog poob), tsuas yog hais txog 9%.

Rau hauv sib piv, neodymium, pumped ntawm 808 nm loses txog 24% ntawm lub zog. Yog li, ytterbium inherently muaj ib tug high efficiency, tab sis yog tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm nws yog achievable vim txoj kev poob ntawm ib co ntawm cov photons. Yb tej zaum yuav pumped nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm zaus bands, thiab erbium - wavelength ntawm 1480 los yog 980 nm. Lub siab dua zaus yog tsis zoo li nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev kho raws photons, tab sis pab tau, txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, vim hais tias thaum 980 nm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw nyob.

Zuag qhia tag nrho efficiency ntawm lub fiber laser yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ob kauj ruam cov txheej txheem. Firstly, nws yog ib lub efficiency ntawm lub twj tso kua mis diode. Semiconductor qhov chaw ntawm coherent tawg zoo heev, nrog rau 50% efficiency hloov ib tug hluav taws xob lub teeb liab mus rau hauv ib tug optical. Cov qhabnias ntawm laboratory kev tshawb fawb hais tias nws yog ua tau mus cuag ib tug nqi ntawm 70% los yog ntau tshaj. Nrog caij nyoog match tso zis tawg haum kab fiber laser yog tiav thiab ib tug siab siv ua hauj lwm zoo.

Secondly, qhov no kho qhov muag-kho qhov muag hloov dua siab tshiab efficiency. Thaum ib tug me me defect photons peev xwm ua tau ib tug high degree ntawm excitation thiab cov extraction efficiency ntawm kho qhov muag-kho qhov muag hloov dua siab tshiab efficiency ntawm 60-70%. Cov uas ua hauj lwm zoo yog nyob rau hauv ntau 25-35%.

ntau yam configurations

Fiber quantum nruam yoj generators tej zaum yuav ib los yog multimode (transverse hom). Singlemode tsim zoo beam rau cov ntaub ntawv, ua hauj lwm los yog xa ib tug nqaj los ntawm cov cua, thiab multimode muaj fiber lasers yuav ua kom muaj ntau lub hwj chim. Nws yog siv rau tej thiab welding, thiab nyob rau hauv particular, rau thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob, qhov chaw uas ib tug loj cheeb tsam no yog illuminated.

Qhov ntev fiber laser yog tshuam quasi-nruam apparatus feem ntau millisecond pulses generating hom. Feem ntau nws yog lub luag hauj lwm mus los yog 10%. Qhov no ua rau ib tug ntau dua ncov hwj chim tshaj tus nruam hom (feem ntau kaum lub sij hawm) uas yog siv, piv txwv li, rau ib tug pulsed drilling. Lub zaus tej zaum yuav 500 Hz, nyob ntawm seb lub caij.

Q-switching nyob rau hauv fiber lasers kuj ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub loj. Ib tug raug mem tes ntev yog nyob rau hauv lub chav nanoseconds rau microseconds. Lub ntev fiber, tus ntev nws yuav siv sij hawm rau Q-switching ntawm cov qhov tso zis tawg, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev mem tes.

Fiber zog yog ib co kev txwv on lub Q tes taws los piav. Lub nonlinearity ntawm lub fiber laser yog tseem ceeb tshaj vim hais tias ntawm lub me me ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam ntawm cov tub ntxhais, yog li ntawd lub ncov hwj chim yuav tsum ua dog dig xwb. Koj muaj peev xwm siv lub Q volume keyboards, uas muab kev kawm ntau, los yog optic modulators, uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub xaus ntawm lub active ib feem.

Q-hloov pulses yuav amplified nyob rau hauv ib tug fiber los yog nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav resonator. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tom kawg yuav tau pom nyob rau hauv lub National Complex simulation ntawm nuclear kev ntsuam xyuas (NIF, Livermore, CA), qhov twg fiber laser yog ib tug tswv oscillator rau 192 beams. Me pulses nyob rau hauv loj slabs ntawm cov iav doped amplified rau megajoules.

Nyob rau hauv fiber lasers nrog synchronization repetition zaus nyob rau qhov ntev ntawm reinforcing cov ntaub ntawv uas, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm hom kev synchronization circuits thiab mem tes ntev nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm lug txhim khu ntxiv rau. Lub shortest yog nyob rau hauv lub chav 50 fs, thiab feem ntau raug - nyob rau hauv lub chav 100 fs.

Ntawm ytterbium thiab erbium fiber, muaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv, uas lawv khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv ntau hom dispersion. Erbium-doped fiber emitting ntawm 1550 nm nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm anomalous dispersion. Qhov no pub rau solitons. Itterbievye fibers yog nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo los yog tej dispersion; raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lawv tsim pulses nrog linear zaus tes taws los piav cov lus hais. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm Bragg grating tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau mus hlob tus mem tes ntev.

Muaj ob peb txoj kev yuav hloov tau qhov fiber-laser pulses, nyob rau hauv particular rau picosecond ultrafast kev tshawb fawb. Photonic siv lead ua fibers yuav manufactured nrog heev me me cores rau muaj zog nonlinear los, xws li tej kev supercontinuum tiam. Rau hauv sib piv, lub photonic muaju kuj yuav manufactured nrog loj heev ib-hom tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob nonlinear los nyob rau high school powers.

Saj zawg zog photonic siv lead ua fiber nrog loj cov tub ntxhais tsim rau daim ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj hwj huam. Ib tug ntawm txoj kev yog txhob txwm dabtsi yog khoov ntawm lub fiber rau tshem tawm tej pliaj siab thiaj hom thaum tswj ib tug yuav tsum muaj transverse hom. Cov uas tsis yog-linearity tsim harmonics; thiab los ntawm subtracting qhov zaus ntawm folding, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug luv luv thiab ntev wavelengths. Nonlinear los kuj tsim mem tes compression, uas ua rau yus mus rau lub tsos zaus zuag ntsis plaub hau.

Lub supercontinuum qhov chaw raws li heev luv luv pulses tsim ib tug tas mus spectrum ntawm theem tes taws los piav. Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov thawj 6 ps pulses ntawm 1050 nm, uas tsim lub ytterbium fiber laser spectrum tau nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm ultraviolet rau ntau tshaj 1600 nm. Lwm qhov chaw ntawm IR-pumped erbium-supercontinuum qhov chaw ntawm ib tug wavelength ntawm 1550 nm.

High hwj chim

Kev lag luam yog tam sim no tus loj tshaj plaws neeg ntawm fiber lasers. Nyob rau hauv siab thov txoj cai tam sim no nyiam lub hwj chim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kilowatts siv nyob rau hauv lub tsheb lag luam. Lub automotive kev lag luam yog tsiv mus rau zus tau tej cov high-zog steel tsheb kom tau raws li cov cai ntawm durability thiab no kuj yooj yim rau ntau dua roj economy. Pa tshuab cov cuab yeej yog nyuaj heev, piv txwv li, ntaus qhov nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm hlau thiab lub qhov chaw ntawm coherent tawg ua rau nws yooj yim.

Tej hlau fiber laser, piv nrog rau lwm hom ntawm quantum generator muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob ze-infrared waveband zoo absorbed hlau. Nqaj peev xwm ua rau los ntawm lub fiber, uas tso cai rau tus neeg hlau mus tau yooj yim txav rau kev tsom xam thaum txiav thiab drilling.

Kho qhov muag fiber satisfies lub siab tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau rau lub hwj chim. Riam phom US Navy, soj ntsuam kuaj nyob rau hauv 2014, muaj ib tug 6-fiber 5.5-kilomatt lasers ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug beam thiab radiating los ntawm ntawm txoj kev kho qhov muag system. 33 kW unit siv los mus defeat ib unmanned sim saum nruab ntug tsheb. Txawm hais tias beam yog tsis muaj ib hom, tus system yog ntawm kev txaus siab, raws li nws tso cai rau kom tsim muaj fiber ntau laser nrog lawv ob txhais tes tawm ntawm tus qauv, npaj meej muaj nyob cov khoom xyaw.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws hwj chim ib leeg-hom coherent lub teeb qhov chaw ntawm IPG Photonics yog 10 kW. Tus tswv oscillator ua ib tug watt ntawm kho qhov muag lub hwj chim, uas yog txhab khoom mus rau Amplifier theem pumped ntawm 1018 nm nrog lub teeb ntawm lwm yam fiber lasers. Tag nrho system muaj ib tug loj ntawm ob hauv tub yees.

Kev siv cov fiber lasers kuj txuas mus rau tus muaj hwj huam tej thiab welding. Piv txwv li, lawv hloov kuj Vuam steel ntawv daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm deformation ntawm cov khoom. Fais fab kev tswj thiab lwm yam tsis tau tso cai rau leej heev tej curves, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ces kaum.

Tus haib tshaj multimode fiber laser - rau tej co los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus - mus txog rau 100 kW. Lub system yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug ua ke ntawm incoherent beam, li ntawd nws yog tsis super high-zoo beam. Qhov no kuj ua rau fiber lasers txaus nyiam rau kev lag luam.

qhob drilling

Multimode fiber laser tso zis ntawm 4 kW yuav siv tau rau tej thiab qhob drilling. Yog vim li cas ua tau nws? Thaum engineers yog sim mus cuag seismic kuj uas twb muaj lawm vaj tse, yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev nrog lub pob zeb. Thaum ntsia tau rau hauv nws, xws li steel qhov cuab lub zog pa percussion drilling tej zaum yuav ua flaws thiab tsis muaj zog hauv lub pob zeb, tab sis fiber lasers txiav tsis crushing nws.

Lasers nrog ib tug Q-hloov fiber siv piv rau labeling los yog nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm semiconductor electronics. Lawv kuj siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam finders: modules yog qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib txhais tes muaj qhov muag-kev nyab xeeb fiber lasers uas nws tso zis yog 4 kW, lub zaus ntawm 50 kHz thiab ib tug mem tes ntev ntawm 5-15 NS.

nto kho mob

Muaj yog zoo txaus siab nyob rau hauv me me fiber lasers rau micro thiab nanoprocessing. Thaum tshem cov nto txheej, yog hais tias tus mem tes ntev yog luv tshaj 35 ps, tsis muaj txau khoom. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub tsim ntawm dimples thiab lwm yam undesirable artifacts. Lub pulses nyob rau hauv lub femtosecond tsoom fwv tsim nonlinear teebmeem uas yog tsis rhiab rau lub wavelength thiab cov cheeb tsam surrounding yog tsis rhuab, uas mus ua hauj lwm tsis muaj ntau yam pauv loj kev puas tsuaj los yog weakening ntawm lub cheeb tsam surrounding. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tej zaum yuav txiav nrog ib tug high school cov tob rau dav - piv txwv li, sai sai (nyob rau hauv ib ob peb milliseconds) Me qhov ntawm lub 1 hli siv ib tug stainless steel 800-fs pulses nrog ib zaus ntawm 1 MHz.

Nws yog tseem tau mus ua nto-kho pob tshab ntawv, e.g., cov tib neeg qhov muag. Yuav kom txiav ib tug nrov plig plawg ntawm qhov muag microsurgery, femtosecond pulses vysokoaperturnym nruj nreem kom pom tseeb lens ntawm ib tug taw tes rau hauv qab no tus nto ntawm lub qhov muag tsis tas yuav ua kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis lub qhov muag los ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv ib tug tswj qhov tob. Lub du nto ntawm lub cornea, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub zeem muag tseem lawm. Qhov nrov plig plawg yog cais los ntawm lub hauv qab, ces yuav rub mus txog rau nto excimer laser txoj kev lens. Lwm yam kev kho mob daim ntaub ntawv muaj xws li kev phais ntiav allergic nyob rau hauv dermatology, raws li zoo raws li cov kev siv ntawm tej hom ntawm kho qhov muag coherence tomography.

femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond lasers nyob rau hauv science siv ua kom muaj siab lub laser neej puas spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy nrog ib tug sab nqaij daim tawv daws teeb meem, thiab kuj rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau rau zus tau tej cov femtosecond zaus zuag yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv metrology thiab kev tshawb fawb. Ib tug ntawm cov real daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv yuav tsum yog tus atomic ntoos ntawm lub GPS satellites ntawm ib tug tshiab tiam, uas yuav ua rau kom lub tso rau cov neeg.

Tib zaus fiber laser yog ua nrog ib tug spectral linewidth ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1 kHz. Qhov no impressive ntaus nrog ib tug me me hluav taws xob tso zis ntau zog los ntawm 10 mW rau 1W. Pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev sib txuas lus, metrology (e.g., nyob rau hauv fiber gyroscopes) thiab spectroscopy.

Yuav ua li cas yog tom ntej no?

Raws li rau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb kev siv, nws tseem yog ib tug ntau ntawm lawv yog kawm. Piv txwv li, cov tub rog engineering, uas yuav tau mus thov nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw, uas muaj nyob rau hauv combining muaj fiber ntau-laser beams kom tau ib tug siab beam siv cov coherent los yog spectral ua ke. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ntau lub hwj chim yog tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug ib-hom beam.

Qhuav ntawm fiber lasers yog loj hlob sai heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov automotive kev lag luam xav tau kev pab. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug kev hloov ntawm uas tsis yog-fibrous fiber pab kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus general txhim kho nyob rau hauv tus nqi thiab kev kawm ntawv, muaj ntau ntau cov tswv yim femtosecond lasers thiab supercontinuum qhov chaw. Fiber lasers nyob ntau niches thiab ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm kev txhim kho rau lwm hom ntawm lasers.