Tus nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau tib neeg lub cev

Daim tawv nqaij yog cov feem ntau nyuab thiab feem ntau voluminous lub cev ntawm tus txiv neej. Peb muaj peev xwm mus nyob nws ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm, tab sis vim hais tias lub cev yog lub ntsiab yam ntxwv caij. Tiv thaiv, khaws cia rau hauv lub tshav kub thiab dej tshuav nyiaj li cas, nws txhawb lub neej nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg nyob. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog tus nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau lub cev. Nws muaj ntau yam zog, uas yog tsim nyog los nkag siab nyob rau hauv kom meej. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ib tug saib xyuas ntawm lub yooj yim qauv ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab cov cellular muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ua tau hauj lwm mechanisms.

Basic txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub zog ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Ntawm cov ntau zog ntawm lub cev, ntau yuav tsuas yuav pom tau hais nrog daim tawv nqaij. Thaum saib ntawm lub phylogenetic taw tes ntawm view, lub cuab kev xaus yog hais tias nws yog tsim rau cov kua savings nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nws yog tsim nyog tias tus kab mob no colonized lub teb chaws. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub phylogeny ntawm daim tawv nqaij nws nyob ntau tom qab tshaj cov dos thiab armor, zoo heev tshaj lawv qhov yooj kom hloov mus rau cov ib puag ncig, tab sis tseem ua tau zoo yooj yim zog. Cov lawv:

• kev cai ntawm lub cev kub;

• kev tiv thaiv (barrier);

• Regulating (muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv dej thiab ntsha pauv);

• nyiaj (ntshav ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm deposit);

• metabolic thiab endocrine;

• receptor;

• tiv thaiv kab mob;

• excretory.

Qhov saum toj no hais nta tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias nws txhawb nqa lub hauj lwm ntawm lub khoom hauv nrog cev systems. Thiab qhov no yog ntawm daim tawv nqaij rau lub cev: nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev sis raug zoo nrog cov ib puag ncig, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov teeb meem los. Nws yuav siv sij hawm lub kua los ntawm lub cev, tiam sis tseem "saib" rau nws kub tsis muab tshem tawm ntau tshaj li lawv yuav tsum. Nyob rau hauv ib co kab mob, ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tseem muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv roj pauv, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ntxiv teeb. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, qhov no muaj nuj nqi - vim nws complex qauv ntawm cov pa system - tau ploj lawm.

Lub Khoos Loos Tsev nta ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Cov kev kawm ntawv txoj "Peb thiab lub ntiaj teb no" nyob rau hauv lub "nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom lub cev" (Qib 4) muab cov lus qhia txog nws cov qauv. Ntaub ntawv rau qhov no tutorial raug coj los ntawm phau ntawv rau cov histology thiab physiology ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv muab xav paub ntxiv txog cov qauv ntawm cov txheej cev cover ntawm lub hlwb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws tsim, thiab yuav ua li cas lawv ua.

Cov morphology ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: lub epidermis (sab sauv txheej), lub dermis (papillary txheej thiab reticular) thiab fatty cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov yav tas yog feem ntau heev. Cov peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab hloov peb lub cover. Nyob rau hauv lub subcutaneous cov ntaub so ntswg muaj adipose ntaub so ntswg, metabolic muaj nuj nqi ua.

Nyob rau hauv lub dermis txheej txheem kab tawv nqaij cheeb tsam, cov hlab ntsha thiab paj txoj (receptors). Cov yav tas yog tau paub txog yam ntxwv lub cev ntawm qhov chaw uas cov kev sib cuag. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub dermis kawg feem ntawm cov hws qog thiab cov plaub hau nruab nrog ib lub hnab roj.

Epidermis - nws yog ib lub kawg active ib feem, vim hais tias nws tsuas ua tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Txawm li cas los, ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog zoo rau lub cev, thiab vim hais tias ntawm nws, vim hais tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug neeg lub cev instantly yuav tsum tau raug muaj ntau yam, xws li lub cev, lom thiab tshuaj yam. Txawm tias ib tug yooj yim kub taub hau, los yog es nws oscillation nyob rau hauv lub chav 10 degrees yuav rhuav tshem peb, yog hais tias tsis rau lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug multi-txheej ntawm lub epidermis.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv thermoregulation

Lub ntsiab muaj nqis ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem thermoregulation kev nyuaj. Nws yog lub cev muaj thermoreceptors los ntawm kev uas yuav txiav txim seb lub approximate ambient kub. Raws li cov lus qhia no, cov kev cai txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev kub. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas lub cev nruab nrab tsis pub tshaj, lub cev muaj xws li dab tawm hws thiab daim tawv nqaij vascular expansion voj. Vim rau qhov no, nws yog txias, thiab lub hav zoov ntawm xws tej yam kev mob yuav swm.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas lub cev kub hauv qab no yog txhais ib daim tawv nqaij, cycling txias receptors. Lawv yog cov kwv yees li 5-6 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li lub tshav kub receptors. Ces tus txheej txheem pib txo lub tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev los ntawm nqaim hlab ntsha thiab txo ntawm daim tawv nqaij nto (gus cev nqaij daim tawv). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, dab yog kho kom zoo lipid zom cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas tso cai rau zus tau tej cov ib co ntawm lub tshav kub kom sov lub cev thiab tswj lub neej them nyiaj yug.

Tiv nuj nqi

Txawm li cas los, thermoregulation - qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev. Attendance tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog tiv thaiv tshav kub thiab txias, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm yam tshuaj, lub cev thiab lom xwm. Lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teeb meem (tiv thaiv) muaj nuj nqi belongs rau lub epidermis. Nws lipophilic qauv txwv percutaneous tus me nyuam tej, muaj peev xwm yaj nyob rau hauv dej.

Tsis tas li ntawd ib tug txheej ntawm epidermal hlwb tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab yam - crushing, tho, tej. Lub epidermis yog nyuab npaum li cas tshaj lub dermis thiab muaj roj, thiab yog li ntawd ib yam ntawm cov los yuav ua rau kom loj kev puas tsuaj, tsis yog hais tias lub txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Attendance tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ionizing tawg, yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv lub long-yoj nruab nrab thiab tsawg zaus. Nyob rau hauv kev, daim tawv nqaij zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob, tiam sis yuav tsis tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm gamma-ray quanta. Tsis ceeb, txij thaum cov tom kawg yuav tau txeem los ntawm lub pob zeb ua phab ntsa. Tab sis txawm lub xub ntiag ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv neutron tawg los ntawm alpha hais thiab ultraviolet tawg los ntawm lub ho prolongs lub neej ntawm tus txiv neej.

Thiab vim hais tias tsis tsuas lub cev yam yuav tua tau peb lub cev, nws yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug tiv thaiv tawm tsam lom aggressors. Lawv yog cov saprophytic cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi thiab protists. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm lawv los ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav txeem thiab colonize nws thickness tsuas fungi. Thiab xwb vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov mycelium ceg thiab mus rau hauv tej qhov chaw ntawm lub epidermal teev, lingering nyob rau hauv lawv. Tab sis cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob epidermis nrees defends lub cev thiab daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov tib neeg lub cev luv luv piav tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm adaptation rau tej yam tseem ceeb.

Dej thiab ntsha kev cai

Great daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub cev thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm dej thiab mob electrolyte tshuav nyiaj li cas. Yuav ua li cas yog tiav los ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm sodium, dej thiab chloride ions nyob rau hauv hws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau qhov no kua yog muab tshem tawm thiab ib co tej yam tshuaj lom ntawm ib tug acidic xwm. Qhov no ua ib qho kev nthuav possibilities rau lub cev, uas yog txias los ntawm nws tus kheej kua.

Lub cev xwm ntawm lub evaporation txheej txheem raws li nram no: ua ntej los ntawm hws caj pas dej tas. Txij li thaum ntawm daim tawv nqaij hws suab, li no txias nws. Nyob rau hauv no evaporation ua rau ib tug tsis kinetic zog ntawm dej lwg me me. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, daim tawv nqaij kub yog me ntsis txo. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub roj ntsha txoj kev yog tsis zoo rau cov cua txias rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas nyob ib ncig kub puag ncig (xws li nyob rau hauv da dej).

Depositing ntshav muaj nuj nqi

Lub dermis yog ib qho ntawm feem uas nws kim heev thiab complex vascular tes hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj tsuas yog peb: ob cov hlab ntsha thiab ib tug venous. Ntxiv mus, ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ib tug dav hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv uas cov ntshav yuav ua raug daig. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los khaws ib co ntawm nws nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau kev nyuaj siab nyob rau physiological cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau thiab rov qab mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha rau nkev pauv.

Cia li hlab ntsha ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav ib txhij noog txog li 15% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav ntim, uas yog lossi hloov nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob sludge thiab thrombus tsim. Thaum tuaj txog humoral lub teeb liab uas lub arterioles ntawm lub cev koj xav mus nthuav thiab muab nws nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab vim hais tias cov saum toj no-pib kev nyuaj siab, cov ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha rov qab mus rau hauv lub mauj ncig. Lub cev raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yuav ntxiv mus rau lub endurance thiab lub hwj chim. Thiab raws li nws feem ntau tej yam lub neej nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev txaus ntshai, tus nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij rau tus tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv no hais txog tsuas loj.

Endocrine thiab metabolic muaj nuj nqi

Subcutaneous rog - rog cia hloov khoom nruab nrog. Xeem noj sparingly los muab backup hwj chim xav tau kev pab. Nws yog vim hais tias muaj roj nqaij yog npaum li cas los lub cev ntawm tus xeem tig, thiaj li kom poob ceeb thawj yog li ntawd nyuaj. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tib neeg daim tawv nqaij - tsis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ntau npaum li cas ib qho tseem ceeb endocrine muaj nuj nqi, namely cov kev cai ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab satiety.

Adipose cov ntaub so ntswg yog subcutaneous cov ntaub so ntswg haib caj pas peev xwm ntawm tso tshuaj uas tswj satiety. Thiab cov kev xav ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, "hais tias" cov theem ntawm qab zib nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Thaum nws ntog, muaj ib tug kev tshaib kev nqhis. Raws li cov saturation nws yog inhibited by hormones los ntawm adipose ntaub so ntswg, uas "qhia" hais tias cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntau.

Receptor muaj nuj nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Sib tham seb cov npe "Tus nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom lub cev" (qib 4 lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev tshawb fawb nws), nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau las mees lub receptor muaj nuj nqi. Nws - ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, vim hais tias nws tso cai rau koj mus txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ib puag ncig. Tawv los ntawm receptors txiav txim kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab, cov kev ceev ntawm ib co cov khoom, lub humidity, tus nto kev ntxhib los mos thiab lwm yam morphological tsis.

Txawm mob receptors nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij uas tiv thaiv tau peb ntawm tau txais loj kev puas tsuaj. Thiab hais tias mob yog cov "watchdog" ntawm tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Excretory muaj nuj nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Cov tawv nqaij vim muaj cov hws qog yog tau raws metabolic khoom. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no siab molecular yuag lipophilic tshuaj los yog hydrophilic me me molecules nrog ib tug acid cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tus thawj yog cov nqaijrog thiab nqaijrog uas yuav tsum tau los kho tus mob cov plaub hau, nyob rau hauv lub teeb uas yuav qhib lub duct sebaceous qog.

Qhov thib ob tshuaj (tsis tshua muaj molecular nyhav) poob no ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntshav thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tom qab. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov excretory muaj nuj nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog kom meej meej ib tug kab mob zoo li gout. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws cov ntshav yog ho muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm uric acid, uas yog tso zis tom qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm muaju.

Lwm cov piv txwv yog hmoov tsis tsis tag. Nws yog txuam nrog ib qho los mus feem ntawm cov kua tsib acids nyob rau hauv lub siab parenchymal txhab. Tab sis tseem, qhov no daim tawv nqaij yog tsis tshua muaj tseem ceeb heev rau lub neej ntawm tus kab mob, vim hais tias nws yuav pab kom tswj tau cov kev pauv ntawm tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj. Thiab qhov no yog ib tug ntawm lub neej-kev pab txhawb nqa mechanisms.

tiv thaiv kab mob muaj nuj nqi

Pom zoo tseem ceeb heev rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev. Duab hais txog daim ntawv raws li ib tug ua piv txwv cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia li cas peb cov complex qauv muaj ib tug txheej cover. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam, tab sis muaj kuj tshwm sim tiv thaiv kab mob cov lus teb uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Thiab tsis tiv thaiv lwm cov tsiaj thiab yam tseem ceeb, los ntawm pathogens tau txais mus rau hauv lub internal ib puag ncig. Thiab qhov no muaj nuj nqi yog siv los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm qe, monocytes, macrophages thiab lymphocytes.

Tsis tas li ntawd tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij Langerhans hlwb thiab basophils. Lawv tswj lub zos tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob cov lus teb thiab yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv antigen kev nthuav qhia ntshav hlwb. Nws yog noteworthy uas lub cev muaj nuj nqi ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog kho hom haum xeeb thiab lwm tseem ceeb mechanism uas yuav tsum tau kev raws li metabolic. Peb txheej npog yog lub site ntawm synthesis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab cov tib neeg cev pob txha provitamin D.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav tsum yog ib tug theem ntawm kev kho mob ntawm lub raum thiab yuav ua nws txoj kev ua. Txawm li cas los, qhov chaw ntawm nws tsim yog ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tseem ua tib zoo kis tau los ntawm nws tus kheej, yog yug los no substance. Thiab nws tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub loj loj cev pob txha. Ib tug luag hauj lwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub tag nrho lub cev txawm ntau zoo kawg thiab.