Yuav ua li cas yog lub philosophical sib? Niaj hnub nimno philosophical currents

Philosophy - lub science uas yuav tsis tawm leej twg indifferent. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias nws nphav txhua tus neeg picks lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws domestic teeb meem. Tag nrho cov ntawm peb koom philosophical xav, tsis hais poj niam txiv neej, haiv neeg thiab chav kawm ntawv. Raws li nws muab tawm, ntau txhiab xyoo neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog tib siv cov lus nug, cov lus teb uas tseem tsis tau pom. Dua li no, muaj ntau ntau yam tsev kawm ntawv uas yog kev xav thiab tiam sis uas tsis tso tseg lawv cov me nyuam no yuav hle lub secrets ntawm lub ntug.

Teeb meem thiab lub siab

Yuav ua li cas yog thawj - teeb meem los yog sab ntsuj plig? Qhov no qhov teeb meem tau ntev muab faib xav mus rau hauv rival camps. Cov tshwm sim yog ib tug loj philosophical tiam sis - materialism, idealism thiab dualism. Adepts txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv los tsim lawv cov tswv yim, tsis tau txhua yam uas tsis thooj li lawv. Txawm li cas los, txhua txhua tus no tiam sis tau muab nce mus rau countless ceg, uas hnub no resonate nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub siab lub ntsws.

Materialism - lub philosophical rau asserting uas muaj teeb meem yog cov thawj, thiab tsuas yog nws muaj ib tug nqi. XVII-XVIII веков, а также в социалистических государствах нового времени. Lub tsev kawm ntawv twb yeej los hais thiab Fabkis XVII-XVIII centuries, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub socialist lub teb chaws uas niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Materialists yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhuav pov thawj tseeb. Lawv kuj nyiam li natural sciences, xws li Science News for KIDS, physics, lej thiab biology, siv lawv koom nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog idealists. Feem ntau ntawm lawv cov nqe lus yuav paub meej tias materialist logic thiab kev tseeb, uas ua rau no ib tug txaus nyiam heev philosophy. Txawm li cas los, lawv kiag li tsis kam lees yuav tau nco qab los txhawb qhov teeb meem, xav tias nws tus kheej ywj siab unit.

idealists

Lub philosophical idealists rau tag opposite ntawm materialism. Raws li nws hniav tseem ceeb heev rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov tswv yim, sib nrug los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tej yam uas yog xwb nws yuav tau txais. Idealists ntseeg tau hais tias qhov teeb meem tsis nyob ua ib ke tsis muaj ib lub tswv yim uas generates nws. Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no uas nyob ib ncig peb, yog cov embodiment ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov kev xav, thiab tsis lwm versa. Qhov no sib, nyob rau hauv lem, yog muab faib ua ob lub ntsiab lub tsev kawm ntawv: lub hom phiaj thiab subjective idealism. Ntawm UFW ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub hom phiaj idealism cam hais tias lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov tswv yim muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm peb.

Subjective idealism assumes tias cov ntug tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm tus txiv neej. Tsis paub txog ntawm tus txheej txheem yog tiag tiag tsis muaj dab tsi, vim hais tias muaj teeb meem ua kom muaj tswv yim uas yuav tsuas los ntawm lub siab ntawm lub neej qhov chaw. Idealism yog ua ntau nrov hnub no. Western civilization yog tshaib plab rau sab ntsuj plig. Materialism reigned rau centuries nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab America, yog li ntawd cov neeg uas pub mus nrog nws lub tswv yim. Tam sim no lawv nrhiav solace nyob rau hauv idealism, uas tau ua rau lawv ib tug ua tsis taus pa ntawm huab cua ntshiab nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li qub ntiaj teb no ntawm tsim lub tswv yim.

dualism

Cov uas dualism tsis teb rau lub nyob mus ib txhis lo lus nug. Rau lawv, nws yog tsis raws li qhov no philosophical sib asserts uas ntsuj plig thiab teeb meem ib txwm muaj tau. Dualists tsis muab tseem ceeb heev rau tej ntawm sab ntsuj plig los yog cov ntaub ntawv uas, thov hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm cov ntug yog Attendance tseem ceeb ob ntawm cov Cheebtsam. Tus txiv neej pom tias adherents ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm dualism li ib tug indivisible fusion ntawm teeb meem thiab ntsuj plig. Tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub ntug yog qhov khoom ntawm ib tug lub siab los yog muaj teeb meem. Piv txwv li, lub tswv yim tuaj mus rau lub teeb ua tsaug rau nco qab, tab sis tej yam uas yog ib tug derivative ntawm qhov teeb meem. Dualism tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm fusion ntawm ob opposites, absorbing cov tswv yim thiab cov kev xav ntawm materialism thiab idealism. Txawm li cas los, nws twb tsis coj nws poj chaw, raws li cov neeg ntau npaum li cas yooj yim mus rau extremes, es nrhiav ib tug nruab nrab hauv av.

Empiricism thiab rationalism

Tsis tsuas yog lub hnub nyoog-laus lo lus nug ntawm lub primacy ntawm teeb meem thiab ntsuj plig phua xav rau ntau yam philosophical currents. Cov lus qhia ntawm no fascinating science kuj sawv vim kev tsis sib haum txog yuav ua li cas tus neeg paub lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ob lub tsev kawm ntawv sawv uas ua raws kiag li opposite cov ntsiab lus ntawm view, tab sis yuav tsis definitively ua pov thawj lawv txoj hauj lwm. Ntawm UFW ntawm cov empirical txoj kev ntawm kev txawj ntse hais tias kev kaj siab lug los paub tus txiv neej, inevitably Dais lub stamp ntawm nws tus cwj pwm thiab tag nrho cov kev nws.

Rationalism - philosophical sib, uas nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm Descartes. Nws cov thwjtim ntseeg tias tsuas yog cov ntshiab yog vim li cas, tsis turbid cwj pwm txawv thiab lub yav dhau los ntawm kev noj ib feem nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm. Rationalists kuj ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm axioms uas yog li cuab kev rau lawv hais tias tsis tas yuav pov thawj.

Philosophical tiam sis, dej tsaws ntxhee, cov tsev kawm ntawv, suav qhia

Tuam Tshoj deserves tshwj xeeb xim, nrog nws nthuav philosophical currents uas tau ntev lawm nrov tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, tiam sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Buddhism. Nws tuaj ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab sai sai kis mus rau lub fertile av. Teachings of tus hauj sam qhia tias Symptoms rau worldly pleasures thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo-ua ua rau lub degradation ntawm peb tug ntsujplig. Es tsis txhob, Buddhism muaj rau xaiv rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kev thiab siv xws li ib tug nyias lub cuab tam xws li meditation. Qhov no txoj kev koj yuav tswj nws lub siab thiab tso tseg lub siab nyiam, rub tus ntsuj plig. Cov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb xyaum yog tus ua kom tiav liberation ntawm tus ntsuj plig - Nirvana.

Taoism yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau Buddhism, txij li thaum ob leeg ntawm no qhia mus tes hauv tes, lossi feem xyuam rau txoj txhua lwm yam. Nws txwv zeej txwv koob Lao Tzu tswvcuab xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li Dao. Los ntawm no luv luv lo lus disappears tag nrho ntau lub tswv yim. Tao yog ob qho tib si universal txoj cai thiab universal kev sib raug zoo, thiab cov essence heev ntawm cov ntug - ib tug unifying quab yuam, los ntawm uas peb tuaj thiab uas rov qab los tom qab kev tuag. Taoists sim nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xwm, raws li cov natural chav kawm ntawm tej yam. Cov tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug lub neej - tag daws nyob rau hauv lub Dao.

Confucianism

Ib tug interesting cov kev taw qhia ntawm Suav philosophy - Confucianism. Nws lub npe yog yuam ua hauj lwm rau Confucius. V-IV веках до нашей эры и служил чиновником при императоре. Nws nyob hauv lub V-IV xyoo pua BC thiab tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug tub ceev xwm muaj huab tais. Txawm tias nws siab txoj hauj lwm, Suav txawj xav saum toj no tag nrho cov menyuam lub siab dawb siab zoo thiab philanthropy. Nws sib cav hais tias lub koom haum saib xyuas ntawm lub xeev yog tsim nyog los lees xwb lub feem ntau noble thiab kev ncaj ncees cov neeg, uas los ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv rau txhawb cov neeg. Confucius yog tawm tsam ib tug nruj system raws li nyob rau hauv kev nruj kev tsiv thiab quab yuam.

Txawm li cas los, ib feem ntawm Confucianism yog kev txo hwj chim thiab unquestioning kev pab rau ib tug neeg uas yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug ntaiv. Confucius yog ib tug supporter ntawm kev txiav txim, kev cai thiab kev cai. Nws lub tswv yim yog tseem nrov heev nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, thiab ib co ntawm lawv tau ntev ploj mus tshaj nws cov kev txwv.

Niaj hnub nimno philosophical currents

Nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lawm, science tau ua ib tug loj loj kauj ruam rau pem hauv ntej. Muaj ntau myths xwb thiab ua discoveries tau debunked, uas tag muab cov laus daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no yog yeej reflected nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub to taub ntawm lub ntug. Cov feem nrov tiam sis nyob rau hauv niaj hnub philosophy - existentialism thiab analytic philosophy. Existentialism yog teem rau lub heev ntawm lub neej, nws uniqueness thiab originality. Qhov no sib qhia txog intuitive xaav ntawm kev muaj tiag, rau kev nyuaj siab. Kaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm no philosophy - Jean-Pol Sartr.

Analytical philosophy yog teem rau daim ntawv thov ntawm kev txawj ntse. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua qhov tseeb ntawd yuav tau soj ntsuam kuaj empirically. Adherents ntawm no lub tsev kawm ntawv pe hawm logic thiab cov neeg, muab ntau classical philosophical tswv yim.

Philosophy nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub

Noob neej tau tsim countless philosophical tiam sis, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov lus qhia. Lawv yog cov tag nrho ntawm ntse lus thiab cov lus uas nws tsis yooj hem tib yam cov pej xeem. Scholarship cov quav hniav, piles ntawm to taub tsis tau lus thiab loj cov npe ua philosophy nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm scientific disciplines, muaj tsuas yog lub feem ntau pheej admirers ntawm no kos duab. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias txhua tus ntawm peb - ib tug philosopher. Tsis txhob ntshai mus koom no fascinating science. Yog hais tias koj xav mus xav hais tias, qhov tseeb yog nco ntsoov rov tuaj rau koj, tsis muaj teeb meem uas koj muaj, xib fwb ntawm philosophy, ib tug football neeg uas ua ntawv los yog ib tug kws kho tsheb.