Philosopher thiab pessimist, irrationalist, negating feem ntau ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim - uas coj li ntawd, Shopengauer Artur pej xeem. Tab sis dab tsi ua nws li ntawd? Thawb nws mus rau qhov no outlook? Nws yeej ib txwm ntseeg hais tias cov yuav - lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej, yog kev tsav tsheb dag zog yuam uas nqus lub neej mus rau hauv peb, thiab tshwm sim los ntawm lub siab. Yog tsis muaj txoj kev ntseeg yuav muaj tsis muaj kev paub thiab txawj ntse ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv hais tias nws yog hnub no. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi coj nws mus rau txoj kev no ntawm thiaj?
thaum yau
Lub neej yav tom ntej philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, uas nws hnub yug ntog rau Lub ob hlis ntuj 28, 1788, yug nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm ua lag luam thiab txawj sau ntawv. Los ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog kuv txiv sim qhia kev qhuab qhia txoj kev hlub ntawm ib tug me nyuam tub rau nws ua hauj lwm, tab sis ho tsis ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv no. Kev Kawm Ntawv Arthur tau txais sporadically: ob peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv Le Havre, los ntawm ib lub lag luam tus khub ntawm nws txiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoo, ces kev kawm nyob rau hauv Runge, nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg tseem ceeb lub tsev kawm ntawv - 11, thiab mus rau 15 xyoos nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas nyuam qhuav txav los kawm nyob rau hauv lub UK. Tab sis lub hla tsis dhau, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm nws tau nyob rau hauv ob peb lub European lub teb chaws rau 2 xyoos.
tsev neeg
Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov niam txiv Schopenhauer twb complex. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, nws txiv sab laug lub tsev neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd tau cog lus yus tua yus. Cov niam yog li ntawd frivolous thiab zoo siab tus neeg uas pessimist Arthur kuj tsis muaj lub siab ntev ua neej nyob nrog nws ib sab los sab, thiab lawv yuav ncaim nyob rau hauv 1814, tab sis txuas ntxiv kom muaj phooj ywg sib raug zoo. Qhov no yuav pab kom cov tub ntxhais philosopher muaj ntau nthuav thiab pab tau hu ntawm cov bohemians ntawm lub sij hawm.
adulthood
Muaj ib tug ncaj loj sum nyob rau hauv ib tug bank account thiab nyob rau hauv lub paj Shopengauer Artur los mus kawm nyob rau University of Göttingen nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob profession. Tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws pauv mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Berlin thiab hloov cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philosophy. Peb tsis tau hais tias nws yog ib tug zoo me nyuam kawm ntawv. nws lectures yog tsis attracted rau, thiab mus saib cov neeg pluag, tab sis qhov teeb meem uas yeej muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv lub neej yav tom ntej philosopher, nws kawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dav hlau, ua kom tau mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov teeb meem. Xws li, piv txwv li, muaj lub tswv yim ntawm dawb, los yog Schelling lub hom phiaj ntawm theem nrab zoo, Locke. Qhov tshwj xeeb mloog yog muab rau cov dialogues ntawm Plato thiab Kant tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1813, Shopengauer Artur defended nws doctoral dissertation rau lub kev cai lij choj ntawm txaus av. Thiab mam li teev ua hauj lwm rau nws loj ua hauj lwm.
philosophical muas
Nws yog ib nqi xav tias yuav ua li cas txawv txawv txiv neej yog tus philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. Nthuav lus tseeb qhib rau kev soj ntsuam, uas to taub nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li nws muab tawm, kev dissatisfaction, ib tug nqhis dej rau koob meej thiab coj txawj sau ntawv tsis muaj zog npau taws, vim li cas los ntawm nws cwj mem nyob insulting thiab feem ntau tsis ncaj ncees tawm tsam tawm tsam liam sib tw.
Nyob rau hauv 1818 nws luam tawm thawj phau ntawv, "Lub ntiaj teb no li yuav thiab Sawv cev," tab sis nws mus kiag li tsis paub los ntawm cov pej xeem los yog cov kev zej zog. Publisher raug kev txom nyem losses, thiab cov philosopher tau raug mob muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rehabilitated nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ob lub qhov muag, ib tug hluas German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer txiav txim siab mus qhuab qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Berlin. Tab sis txij thaum lub sij hawm no muaj qhia Hegel, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis quav ntsej li cov hluas pab xibfwb nrog nws tu siab heev outlook on lub neej. Tsis xav mus yuav ib tug kwv uas ridicule los yog pity, cov txawj sau ntawv mus rau Ltalis, deb ntawm lub bustle ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis ib xyoos tom qab rov dua mus sim lawv hmoov rau cov kev qhia txog kev. Txawm txoj kev tuag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv xyoo 1831 ua nrov hoob kawm, thiab ib tug tub hluas khiav tawm ntawm kev qhia rau tag nrho cov.
Tsiv. Lub neej nrog ib tug huv daim ntawv
Tom qab tawm hauv Berlin vim hais tias ntawm ib tug kab mob no phaum mob thiab tsiv mus rau Frankfurt, "yug" tus tshiab ib - Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy luv luv thiab tsis tshua, tab sis tseem yog flashed rau hauv nws lub neej. Yog li ntawd, nws yeej lub Norwegian Science ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Society rau nws tsab xov xwm. Cov ntawv ntawm nws tag nrho kuj tsis yog nrov, thiab lub reissue ntawm phau ntawv, yog tam sim no tawg rau hauv ob tagnrho, dua muaj pov thawj ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm. Negativism, misanthropy thiab tag kev cia siab loj hlob nyob rau hauv Schopenhauer. Nws pib ntxub tag nrho cov philosophers lag luam wholesale thiab ib lub zuj zus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Hegel, uas muaj tus kab mob cov tswv yim thoob plaws teb chaws Europe.
kiv puag ncig
"Ib tug tsov ua rog yog tag kis ...". Tsis yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj muaj tsis muaj tsov rog, tab sis tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1848-1849 outlook ntawm cov neeg, lawv tej teeb meem, lub hom phiaj thiab cov xeeb ceem tau hloov ntau heev. Lawv tau ua ntau sober thiab phem heev saib cov kev muaj tiag nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Qhov no tso cai rau lub caij nyoog tshwm sim, uas tsis tsis coj kom zoo dua ntawm Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy luv luv tau haum nyob rau hauv lub aphoristic kab zauv thiab pawg sab laj, uas tau poob los ntawm cov khub ntsuj plig. Cov ntawv ntawm phau ntawv no tau coj koob meej thiab hwjchim ci ntsa iab rau lub philosopher, uas nws tau ua npau suav.
lig hwjchim ci ntsa iab
Tam sim no Shopengauer Artur yuav txaus siab rau nws txoj hmoo. Nws lub tsev yog tag nrho, tau ua tag nrho cov pilgrimage mus rau qhov chaw ntawm chaw nyob. Universities tau nyeem lectures rau nws philosophy, muaj tus kheej cov thwjtim. Nyob rau hauv 1854, Wagner xa nws nws nto moo tetralogy "Lub Nplhaib ntawm lub Nibelung" autographed ntawm no token biographers xam tau tias yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Tsib xyoos tom qab, los lub re-tsab ntawm "lub ntiaj teb no raws li siab xav thiab lub ethics", thiab ib xyoos tom qab reprinted nws cov khoom, sau thiab aphorisms. Tab sis tus sau tsis tau pom lawv. Mob Ntsws Txheem Dej pom nws mam li nco dheev, thiab Cuaj hlis 21, 1860 tuag rau Arthur Schopenhauer. Luv luv biography, luam tawm tom qab, yog muaj peev xwm mus qhia qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov lus ntawm lub caij philosopher: "sunset ntawm kuv lub neej los ua qhov kaj ntug ntawm kuv lub yeeb koob."
Phem heev philosophy los ua nrov nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov puas tawm xyoo dhau. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm no point yuav tau tuaj mus rau txhais li cas ib tug ntau mus rau cov neeg, cov survivors ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm kiv puag ncig. Raws li cov postulates, kev txom nyem - nws yog ib qhov zoo, thiab siab - lub siab phem. Kuv piav qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm xws li ib tug txoj hauj lwm tsuas yog: tsuas dissatisfaction tso cai rau peb kom peb xav tias ntau acutely lawv tus kheej xav tau kev pab thiab kev ntshaw. Thaum cov kev xav tau yog tau ntsib, ces raug kev txom nyem ploj tsis yog rau tej lub sij hawm, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm tsis tshem tawm cov nws mus tas li, thiab yog li ntawd lub neej - ib tug series ntawm kev txom nyem los ntawm kev yug me nyuam rau txoj kev tuag. Thiab raws li ib tug xaus ntawm tag nrho cov no philosophical lub tswv yim ntawm Schopenhauer nws hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug ntiaj teb no raws li qhov no, nws yog ib qhov zoo dua tsis tau yug. Nws muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov cuj pwm thiab ntaus tswv yim ntawm cov keeb kwm cov txheej xwm personalities xws li Fridrih Nitsshe, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Albert Einstein thiab Leo Tolstoy. Txhua yam ntawm cov neeg ib txoj kev los sis lwm pawg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej, hloov lub tswv yim ntawm nws lub contemporaries txog li cas lub neej yuav tsum tau. Thiab tag nrho cov no yuav tsis muaj tshwm sim yog hais tias nws twb tsis tso tseg thiab tsis nco qab lawm nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas Arthur Schopenhauer.