Analytical philosophy raws li ib feem ntawm lub Western kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Analytic philosophy yog originated nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws ib tug tshiab philosophical kev taw qhia, uas implies rigor nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm tej nqe lus, ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xav, tsis sib ntseeg ntawm speculative kev xav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntau hom kev xav tau txais nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws xws li England, Australia, USA. analytical qauv nyob rau hauv philosophy nyob tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub 80 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo.

Cov founders ntawm lub philosophical sib yog xav tau George Moore thiab Bertrand Russell, nws ideological inspirer - sau ntawm tus naas ej "Kev sib nqe Logico-Philosophicus" Lyudviga Vitgenshteyna.

Lub peb lub ntsiab nta ntawm analytical philosophy yog:

• Kwm reductionism yog coj tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub philosophy ntawm lus teeb meem;
• methodological kev tsis ncaj ncees, uas txhais tau tias muaj kev fab ntxeev rau tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm analytical txoj kev mus rau lub xyoo pua 20th currents ntawm philosophical thought;
• semantic sis, uas yog, cov concentrated xim rau cov teeb meem ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

Analytical philosophy ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th - yog feem ntau ib tug philosophy ntawm cov lus. Misunderstanding vim cov lus zoo tag nrho, lub ambiguity ntawm kab zauv thiab cov nqe lus, raws li kws tshuaj ntsuam - followers ntawm ib tug tshiab philosophical outlook yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau cov emergence thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub "laus" philosophy. Raws li Wittgenstein, lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm philosophy yog los tsim kom tau xws ib qho zoo tagnrho nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev nkag siab cov lus, uas yuav pab kom daws tau qhov uas twb muaj lawm centuries philosophical sib cav tswv yim hais txog lub siab thiab qab, ethics thiab dawb lub siab nyiam. Nws yog vim hais tias analytic philosophy nyob rau theem ntawm nws cov inception yog rau formalization cov lus thiab zoo tag nrho nws cov zajlus kom cim. Cov tshuaj rau qhov teeb meem no muab kev koom tes rau cov thwjtim ntawm Wittgenstein, Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub tswv yim txog kev nqa cov lus rau nws cov perfection heev sai sai sab sab, thiab philosophers, nws twb pom hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug zoo meej lus txawm hais tias permissible, tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm ua tau. Piv txwv li, ib tug nruj zauv lus yog tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd thaum sau ntawv uas tsis yog-scientific ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paj huam.

Thirties ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th xam tau tias yog tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm philosophical analytical science. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn rov qab los ntawm nws tus kheej-yuam exile (tshaj 6 xyoo nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug yooj yim nyob deb nroog cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub Alps) nyob rau hauv Cambridge. Ntawm no nyob ib ncig ntawm sai sai nws tsim ib lub voj voog ntawm cov tub ntxhais followers ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm analytical xav. Tshiab cov tswv yim tau embodied nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv hu ua "Philosophical soj ntsuam". Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog tus kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub philosopher lub neej, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws kom txog thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1951.

Ntxiv tsim analytical philosophy yog nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Gilbert Ryle, sau ntawm "philosophical sib cav", "Qeb" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Cov ntsiab teeb meem uas tus sau seb puas tsimnyog tau nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv, yog qhov yooj yim lo lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug philosophical lo lus nug yog philosophical?" Lo lus teb cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tswv yim raws li ib tug science yog "unraveling" categorical yuam kev thiab tsi ntse ntshav. Sawv ntawm no to taub yuam kev yuav daws tau los ntawm allocating txawv cov zajlus kom pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus uas.

Analytic philosophy thiab nws lub tswv yim muaj ib tug cim cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm philosophy raws li ib tug tag nrho nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no thaj tsam ntawm philosophy tau los ua ib tug sab kev cai sib, qhov yooj yim txoj hauj lwm yog tseem muaj zog nyob rau hauv ntau hais lus Askiv lub teb chaws.