Cathode thiab anode - kev sib koom thiab tawm tsam ntawm opposites

Lub cathode thiab anode yog ob yam ntawm ib txoj haujlwm: qhov khiav ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Txhua yam ntaub ntawv yuav muab faib ua ob hom - lawv yog cov neeg sib tw, nyob hauv tus qauv ntawm cov khoom uas muaj ntau cov dawb electrons, thiab dielectrics (tsis muaj suab tsis pub dawb electronics hauv lawv).

Lub tswvyim ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no

Hluav taws xob tam sim no yog lub zog yuam kom them nqi ntawm cov khoom qis hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom hauv qaug zog ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Yog hais tias muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ua rau tus neeg xyuas pib, cov dawb electrons uas tsis tau them nqi yuav pib tsiv mus raws li qhov kev taw qhia rau qhov anode (zoo tau them electrode) ntawm lub cathode (negated charge electrode). Tam sim no, ntsig txog, yuav ntws nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj rov qab. Lub cathode thiab anode yog ob qho electrodes, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob electromagnetic.

Cwj pwm thiab dielectrics

Cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab dielectrics tuaj yeem ua tau kua, kua thiab gaseous tshuaj. Qhov no tsis tseem ceeb rau kev khiav ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Thaum lub electromagnetic voltage yog siv rau ib lub sij hawm ntev rau cov khoom, ib qho dhau heev lawm ntawm electrons yuav muab rau ntawm cathode, thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov anode nws luv luv yuav tsim. Yog tias qhov voltage yog siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua ke nrog lub atoms yuav tawm ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov anode yog tsim, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej yuav pib tshwm sim nrog tshuaj reactive ntawm qhov chaw. Txoj kev no yog hu ua electrolysis.

Electrolysis

Lub cathode thiab anode hauv electrochemistry yog ob qho ntawm ib qho chaw ruaj khov electromagnetic hluav taws xob siv rau saline daws los yog melts. Thaum twg tam sim no yog tsim los ntawm ntau tshaj ntawm electrons, tus anode pib zom, i.e. Qhov zoo ntawm cov xuab moos ntawm lawv tus kheej yuav poob rau hauv lub brine (ib puag ncig) thiab muab xa mus rau cathode, qhov twg nws yuav nyob hauv daim ntawv lim huv. Txoj haujlwm no hu ua galvanic. Nrog kev pab los ntawm electroplating npog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm zinc, tooj liab, kub, silver thiab lwm yam hlau ntau yam khoom.

Lub cathode yog dab tsi thiab qhov haujlwm yog qhov ua haujlwm hauv electrolysis? Qhov no yuav tsum to taub thaum lub yam nram no: yog tias koj ua ib qho kev anode ua los ntawm bronze los yog tin, ces tig mus rau ntawm lub cathode Circuit Court board, them nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm tin los yog tooj liab (siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob kev lag luam). Tib txoj kev tau gilded hniav nyiaj hniav kub, coppered thiab txawm gilded txhuas lub tswv yim rau hluav taws xob engineering thiaj li nce hluav taws xob conductivity.

Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub anode thiab cov cathode thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis yog cuab kev: lub anode raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov khiav ntawm ncaj qha tam sim no los ntawm lub brine yog rhuav tshem, thiab lub cathode tau txais cov anode khoom. Txawm tias zoo li ib lub sijhawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm electroplating - "anodizing lub cathode". Nws tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev, tab sis nws qhia qhov tseeb essence ntawm qhov teeb meem zoo nkauj.

Semiconductors

Semiconductors yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj free electrons nyob rau hauv tus qauv, thiab cov npe atomic tsis tuav zoo nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw. Yog tias zoo li cov khoom muab tso rau hauv cov kua hauv lub cev los yog lub plhaws loj hauv lub teb chaw magnetic thiab tom qab ntawd mam tso cai ua kom zoo dua, ces yuav tsum tau muab cov hluav taws xob sib txuas hluav taws xob ua ke, uas yuav khiav tawm tam sim no hauv ib qho kev coj. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, siv cov cuab yeej saum toj no, ua cov duab kos. Lawv yog ob hom:

A) nrog "pnp" kev siv;

B) nrog "npn" conductivity.

Hauv kev xyaum, qhov kev ua kom qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb tsa tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom xa cov diode kom raug. Qhov twg yog qhov anode, qhov twg cathode yog ib lo lus nug uas muaj ntau yam puzzled. Ntawm qhov diode muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb: tog twg los A thiab K, lossis + thiab -. Nws yog ua tau txuas lub diode nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev mus rau DC Circuit Court hluav taws xob. Nyob hauv ib rooj plaub, lub diode khiav hauj lwm yuav ua ib qho tam sim no, thiab nyob rau lwm qhov, nws yuav tsis. Yog li, nws yog tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv lub cuab yeej, uas nws paub, qhov twg cathode yog, thiab qhov twg qhov anode, thiab txuas mus rau lub diode. Yog hais tias tus ntaus ntawv qhia tau hais tias lub xub ntiag tam sim no, lub diode txuas nrog thwj. Li no, lub cathode ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab lub cathode ntawm lub diode, thiab raws li lub anode ntawm lub ntaus ntawv thiab lub anode ntawm lub diode coincided. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum hloov cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov chaw.

1. Yog hais tias lub diode tsis dhau tam sim no rau ob qho kev qhia, ces nws yog burnt tawm, nws kho tsis tau.

2. Yog hais tias ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis tau, ces nws yog punched. Nws yuav tsum muab pov tseg.

Diodes yog kuaj los ntawm kev xeem ntawv thiab kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau hauv lub diode cathode thiab cov anode yog rigidly txuas mus rau lawv tua rau cov khoom tsis zoo li lub galvanic hwj chim qhov chaw (roj teeb, cov roj teeb thiab thiaj li nyob. P.).

Lub cathode nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm semiconductor (diodes) ntawm cov hluav taws xob Circuit Court yog lub electrode (ceg) uas qhov zoo (+) muaj peev xwm tawm los. Los ntawm txoj cai Circuit Court nws txuas nrog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub hwj chim los. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tam sim no ntws ncaj qha rau hauv diode cov cim ntawm lub anode mus rau lub cathode. Ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov txheej txheem no yog cim qhia.

Yog hais tias lub diode txuas nrog ib qho kev hloov voltage los ntawm ib ceg (electrode), ces ntawm ob lub electrode peb tau txais ib qho zoo los sis tsis zoo ib nrab hnub sine wave. Yog tias peb txuas ob lub duab ntxiv rau tus choj, ces peb yuav ua raws li kev kho hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Galvanic DC chaw - roj teeb (roj teeb)

Cov cathode thiab anode nyob rau hauv cov khoom hloov chaw nyob raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tam sim no khiav, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub qhov hluav taws xob tsis tuaj rau lawv, thiab lawv tus kheej ua hauj lwm tam sim no vim yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntawd qhov tsis zoo electrode yuav twb yog tus anode, thiab qhov zoo electrode yog cov cathode. Hauv lwm rooj plaub, cov txheej txheem siv li niaj zaus nyob hauv lub roj teeb.

Thaum lub roj teeb tawm thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm qhov chaw muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no, nres, nws yuav tsum tau them nrog lub hwjchim sab nraud. Yog li, peb pib txheej txheem ntawm electrolysis, i.e. Nqa cov khoom qub ntawm cov roj teeb meem. Thaum lub cathode ntawm lub roj teeb, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau thov ib tus nqi tsis zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv anode - zoo, ces lub roj teeb yuav raug them.

Yog li, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txhais tau ib tug cathode thiab ib tug anode nyob rau hauv lub galvanic cell, nyob rau hauv lub them los yog nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no mov.

Xaus

Raws li cov lus xaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lub cathode yog ib qho electrode uas muaj ntau ntawm electrons tshwm, thiab qhov anode yog ib qho hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm electrons. Tiam sis ntxiv los yog rho tawm qhov tshwj xeeb electrode ntawm qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court caij yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm tam sim no khiav.