Tiag - nws ... tiag thiab Patristics

medieval philosophy lub sij hawm npog kaum centuries nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe (los ntawm V rau XV). Lub caij nyoog nruab nrab nyob rau hauv philosophy yuav tsum tau muab faib ntxiv mus rau hauv peb successive theem: lub apology, patristic, kev kawm.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm medieval philosophy yog Theocentricism, thiab nws raug raws li nyob rau hauv biblical tenets. Raws li muaj coob tus neeg thaum lub sij hawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog txuam nrog "tsaus ntuj nti lub sij hawm" thaum lub European science zoo nres nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los, nws twb ua tau? Cov tsab xov xwm hais txog cov Nrab Hnub nyoog xws li cov patristic thiab apology, raws li zoo raws li lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub cov neeg sawv cev.

Tiag thiab Patristics

Lub philosophy ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog tej zaum aptly hu ua tus "philosophy ntawm cov ntawv nyeem", raws li cov philosophers ntawm lub sij hawm twb mas koom nyob rau hauv tus txhais lus los ntawm kev cai dab qhuas cov vaj lug kub. Nws tus kheej lub sij hawm pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua V, thiab zaum tau txuas nws rov qab mus rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub hwj chim Roman faj tim teb chaws. Tiag patristika thiab - nws yog thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub philosophy ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, nram qab no yog ib tug tom qab lwm. Nws yog hais txog cov sij hawm yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Tiag - qhov no yog qhov ua ntej rau medieval philosophy, uas sawv los mus tiv thaiv cov ntseeg Vajtswv tiv thaiv lub prevailing tswv yim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm pagan tswv yim. Apologists tau pom lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Christian philosophy.

Tom qab ntawd muaj patristic - cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm thiaj li hu ua "Koom Txoos txiv", uas tau sau tseg rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Christian philosophy thiab kev ntseeg. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub complex kev cai dab qhuas thiab speculative tshuab tau raug tsim.

Lo lus "tiag"

Txhais los ntawm lub "apologia" ntawm lub Greek lus txhais tau tias "tiv thaiv". Tiag - yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm thaum ntxov cov ntseeg Vajtswv los ntawm paganism. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws apologist yog Justinian raug tua.

Lo lus "tiag" nyob rau hauv philosophy nyob tsis ntawd. Lub fact tias tej hauj lwm ntawm defenders ntawm Christianity hu ua nws apologies. Tom qab no lub npe los ua lub npe hu thiab lub tag nrho cov keeb kwm lub sij hawm.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm uas cov hauv thaum ntxov apologists

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Christian zej zog thiab upholding txoj cai muaj cov ntseeg tshiab - cov no yog cov tseem ceeb uas muab nws tus kheej tiag. Qhov no yog hais nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub thawj Piv txwv rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub hwj chim - lub emperors thiab governors. Nyob rau hauv nws sau, cov apologists tau sim mus hais tau tus rulers nyob rau hauv lub loyalty ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm nws ntseeg tshiab xwb. Feem ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, lawv cia li xa cov txiv neej domineering, yog li ntawd lawv nyeem lawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov phem ntawm pab ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog mus cuag nrog paub txog lawv cov kev ntseeg. Lawv muab thiab nws cov kiv cua, rau cov Khixatia thaum ub. Txawm li cas los, lawv xav tshwm sim rau lawv nrog rau cov tswv yim ntawm exclusivity thiab qhov kev xaiv tsa thiab txhawb kom raug luag muab tua.

Tus thawj apologists thiab lawv kev txheeb ze rau philosophy

Yuav ua li cas los kho Christian tiag thiab nws cov neeg sawv cev rau philosophy raws li xws li? Qhov no kuj yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev qhov teeb meem, uas yog to taub. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev apologists koom philosophy es ntshai thiab ib tug tej yam heev. Hom pagan philosophy lawv txwv Vajtswv txoj kev txawj ntse. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, pab tswvyim tsis cais tau hais tias ib co ntawm cov teb "enlightens" ua tsaug rau philosophy thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv.

Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg tias apologists nyob rau hauv essence tsis philosophy xws li. Es, lawv yog rhetoricians. Debating nrog educated thiab miv pagans, lawv tsa qhov teeb meem ntawm Khetos nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua pov thawj tias tag nrho cov zoo thiab tsim nyog nyob rau hauv paganism yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib tug manifestation ntawm lub Logos-Christ.

Hais plaub ntug ntawm thaum ntxov apologists pib muaj los ntawm lub thib ob xyoo pua. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws apologists - Justin raug tua, Aristides, Tatian Assyria, Athenagoras, Quintus Tertullian thiab lwm yam theologians, philosophers.

Martianus Aristide los ntawm Athens

Thawj Apology, uas tau mus txog peb hnub, zaum sau hnub tim rau hauv lub xyoo 125 AD. Qhov no ua hauj lwm Marciana Aristide los ntawm Athens, uas twb nyob rau hauv lub Roman Emperor Adrian (los yog Antonin Pia).

Lub apology ntawv nyeem Aristide hais tias lub ntiaj teb no yog teev nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab ib co extraneous quab yuam, uas yog Vajtswv. Tam sim no Vajtswv nws tus kheej - ib tug zoo meej, unattainable thiab av. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Aristide txiav txim siab nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm mus nyeem, raws li qhov muaj tseeb tiag Vajtswv, ntau yam deities ntawm lub Greeks, vim hais tias lawv yog neeg yuam kev ib yam, tab sis vim hais tias - peb yog neeg txhaum. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm misconceptions txog Vajtswv, raws li cov philosopher, muaj kev sib ceg thiab kev tsov kev rog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg. Aristide neeg pab leg ntaubntawv hais tias tsuas ntseeg muaj ib tug paub tseeb hais tias Vajtswv thiab hu rau tag nrho cov haiv neeg kom ua raws li nws.

Justin raug tua ntawm lub nroog Xamali

Yog tsis muaj cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Justin raug tua nws yog heev yooj yim mus xav txog tej yam xws li ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm philosophy li tiag. Qhov no ncig teb chaws philosopher thiab theologian uas nyob rau hauv 110-167 xyoo. Nws tuag nyob rau Rome.

Los ntawm nws tseem peb ua hauj lwm: "Thawj Apology", "Ob txhais apology ntawm" thiab "sib tham nrog Trypho cov neeg Yudais." Philosophy, raws li Justin, yog precisely lub ib txoj kev uas coj peb mus rau Vajtswv. Raws li cov nyiaj ntawm Justin, yog tus fateful lub rooj sib tham nrog ib tug txiv neej laus laus rau nws, uas nws pib sib tham txog Vajtswv thiab tus ntsuj plig. Cov txiv neej laus laus hais rau Justin tias tag nrho cov tej yam tseeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qub thiab Phau Tshiab. Nws yog tom qab qhov kev sib tham, raws li Justin, nws los ua ib tug philosopher.

Assyrian Tatian thiab nws ua hauj lwm

Medieval tiag muab lub ntiaj teb no lwm zoo heev sage yog Assyrian Tatian, uas nyob kwv yees li 120-175 xyoo BC. Nws cov kwv tij ib tug ntau, tab sis thaum nws tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, nws los ua ib tug thwj tim ntawm Justin raug tua (ua ntej nws tuag).

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm Tatiana - "Peb yog cov tawm tsam cov Greeks", sau nyob rau hauv 166-171 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm rau hauv lub philosopher contrasts ntawm ancient philosophy cov ntseeg lus qhuab qhia, hu xov tooj rau nws "peb philosophy." Yuav kom nws tw Tatian koom heev scornfully, xav hais tias lawv "fiab xijpeem lawv xav tau." Nws yog vim li no, raws li cov sage, lub ancient philosophers cam heev nrog txhua lwm yam. Tatian tsis hais tias cov Greeks yees philosophy, hu "peb philosophy" nws tus kheej, uas yog lub feem ntau ancient sau ntawv. Muaj ntau philosophers, raws li Tatiana, tsuas hloov cov vaj lug kub thiab tej kev qhia ntawm Mauxes thiab lwm yam zoo xws sages.

Tertullian ntawm Carthage

Christian tiag yog tsis tau tsis tau cov npe. Cov kab lus "kuv ntseeg hais tias vim nws yog absurd» ( "Credo Txij li thaum absurdum") yog ib tug paraphrase ib tug fragment ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Tertullian ua nyob rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Catholic muaj ntau yam Latinized tswv yim.

Tertullian harshly criticized lub pagan philosophy, raws li txwv mus rau nws tswvyim ntawm ntshiab txoj kev ntseeg, tsis muaj pretensions rau intellectualism. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ua tus sau ntawm lub paradoxes nyob rau hauv uas txoj kev ntseeg yog muab tso rau siab tshaj lub siab, thiab lub illogic ntawm tej qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau tsuas ntxiv dag zog rau neeg txoj kev ntseeg. "Kuv ntseeg hais tias vim nws yog absurd ...."

St. Augustine thiab nws tej lus qhia

Lub brightest neeg sawv cev ntawm patristic yog St. Augustine, uas tau muaj ib yam teeb meem loj nyob rau tag nrho medieval philosophy. Nyob rau hauv nws qhia nws twb tau mus ntse muab Neo-Platonism thiab Christianity postulates. Nyob rau qhov no hauv paus, nws khoom phem raws li ib tug tsis muaj kev zoo.

"Kuv ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub" - uas yog lub ntsiab motto ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm Augustine paub. Yog tsis muaj tso lub kuab txuj ci, nws siv lub unconditional dominance ntawm txoj kev ntseeg. Lub tsuas txoj kev cawm seej ntawm txiv neej, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim hais Avgustina Blazhennogo, yog teej tug mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj Christian. Ntau sophisticated theologian considers tib neeg tus ntsuj plig, thiab yog li ntawd insists tias them ntau xim rau nws, thaum suppressing sensual pleasures thiab impulses.