Tshwj xeeb thiab koom haum pab cov keeb kwm disciplines thiab lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb

Historians tsis neeg lawv cov kev paub ntawm yav dhau los tawm ntawm tsis pom qhov twg. Muaj ntau ntau ceg ntawm cov keeb kwm kev kawm, pab txhawb txoj kev kawm ntawm tej lub sij hawm ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov kev lag luam thiab yuav ua li cas lawv pab historians to taub yav dhau los?

Classification ntawm cov keeb kwm kev cai qhuab qhia

Rau feem ntau ntawm lawv siv lub sij hawm "koom haum pab cov keeb kwm kev qhuab qhia." Conventionally, lawv muab faib ua ob pawg. Tus thawj yog cov devoted rau txoj kev tshawb ntawm ntau hom ntawm qhov chaw mus rau ib ib sab. Qhov no koom haum pab cov keeb kwm kev cai qhuab qhia xws li archaeography, kev nrhiav caj ceg, archival, paleography, keeb kwm metrology, epigraphics, papyrology chronology, ntseeg cuav thaum ub. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, tau kawm lub chronology chronology systems, uas yog siv rau ntau hom kev sau ntawv qhov chaw. Keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb metrology units ntawm qhov ceeb thawj, ntev, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Yog tsis muaj nws, peb yuav tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau xav txog tej yam dab tsi ib tug pud, phaus los yog txuj ci, yog qhia nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm cov paub sau qhov chaw. Tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv epigraphy luv luv txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sau ntawv - rau pob zeb, handicrafts, tej phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov kev cai qhuab qhia mob siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej qhov chaw, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tau xav txog lawv los ntawm ces kaum sib txawv. Piv txwv li, Numismatics, sphragistics, heraldry, Faleristics. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ib tug nqaim kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Numismatics kev tshawb fawb banknotes (daim ntawv thiab hlau), sphragistics - sau, heraldry - lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, faleristics - hom khoom plig.

Muaj lwm lub sij hawm - tshwj xeeb keeb kwm disciplines. Qhov no kev lag luam, uas yog heev dua lwm cov chaw ntawm cov keeb kwm kev kawm. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Archaeology. Nws yog ib tug science nrog nws cov ntsiab lus thiab periodization thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov chaw. Lawv kuj muaj xws li cov historiography uas kawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov keeb kwm raws li ib tug science. Muaj kuj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj xws li xws keeb kwm disciplines li ethnography, qhov chaw, keeb kwm geography. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm tsis tau tsis tau thaum nws - nws yog siv rau cov kev hloov ntawm cov lo lus "kev pab txhawb nqa", thiab rau nws tus kheej-kev qhuab qhia. Txawv historians txiav txim lub ywj pheej ntawm ib tug qhuab qhia.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm koom haum pab thiab tshwj xeeb disciplines nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb

Yuav ua li cas lub luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm tshwj xeeb thiab koom haum pab cov keeb kwm kev cai qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm keeb kwm? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub tsev blocks tias ua li tus paub txog keeb kwm. Tej kev historian muaj mus kis tau cov kev txawj ntse rau ntse tshawb ib lub sij hawm. Yog li, ib tug kws nyob rau keeb kwm ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog yuav muaj kom tau thiab nqaim paleography, uas kawm ntawv sau monuments thiab dav qhov kev tshawb fawb. Koom haum pab cov keeb kwm sciences muab peb kev txawj ntse, ua tsaug rau uas peb yuav maj mam nthuav lub zuag qhia tag nrho daim duab ntawm ib tug muab lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, lub xub ntiag ntawm inscriptions rau cov khoom siv tes ua khoom era ntawm Kievan Rus ntawd hais tias kev kawm ntawv yog ntau tsis tsuas yog cov cov nom tswv cajceg, tab sis kuj nrog neeg zoo tib yam. Finds ntawm ancient cov hlab ntsha nrog rau nyiaj muas nyob rau hauv lub graves ntawm nomads nyob rau hauv lub steppes ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv yuav txiav txim cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov lag luam tawm, uas tau ua los ntawm cov nomadic haiv neeg. Cov kev nrhiav caj ceg muab peb kev txawj ntse ntawm kinship ntawm cov aristocracy, hu dynastic rulers. Lossis loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb plays ib tug chronology, chronology kawm systems nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Yog tsis muaj nws, peb yuav cia li yuav tsis txiav txim rau ib theem zuj zus thiab sij ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub division ntawm cov keeb kwm kev cai qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv lub koom haum pab thiab tshwj xeeb heev zwj ceeb. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv txhua tus yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm cov keeb kwm kev kawm, pab zaum xav paub ntau ntxiv txog yav tag los.