Matchlock rab phom. Lub keeb kwm ntawm rab phom

Thaum lub lem ntawm lub XIII thiab XIV centuries, lub ntiaj teb no tau zoo heev enriched riam phom - muaj unseen kom txog thaum gunshot kuaj nyob rau hauv lub arsenals ntawm European pab tub rog. Txawm li cas los, cov hmoov yog lawv lub hauv paus, tau ntev ua ntej nws twb yees ua nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, tab sis muaj nws siv tag rau foob pob hluav taws. Europeans tau muaj pov thawj ntau cov tswv yim neeg, thiab tsis ntev lub teb sib ntaus sib tua los ua tawm cannonade.

Tshiab thiab unprecedented riam phom

Lub era ntawm phom raug tus thawj cannon. Txawm tias lawv cov tswv yim qub thiab imperfect, lawv tam sim ntawd tsim ib tug tseem ceeb ua tub rog kom zoo dua. Yog hais tias cov tug hwj chim ntawm phom yog tsis tshua muaj, lub hlwb nyhuv nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv thov no lossis loj. Txaus xav txog tej yam dab tsi yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov tw ntawm qhov kaj lug flash nrog ib tug txaus ntshai roar thiab ib tug huab ntawm haus luam yeeb. Thiab cov tub ntxhais prosvistevshee nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab tawg lawm lub phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress, tsis nce optimism.

Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ua ntej tus tsim lub tswv yim ntawm lub ancient armourers sim hawm caij nyoog kom lawv tsim nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm loj thiab clumsy artillery ntawm lawv me me version. Qhov no tsim tau tso cai cov tub rog tuav ib rab phom nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, thiab tswj txaus muaj thiab ciav tus yeeb ncuab ntawm ib tug deb. Yog li nws nyob rau hauv lub thawj matchlock rab phom.

Tus ntaus ntawv yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm me me caj npab

Kev ntaus ntawv, nws yog reminiscent ntawm nws txwv zeej txwv koob - rab phom. Los ntawm txoj kev, txawm lub npe ntawm lawv twb zoo sib xws. Piv txwv li, Western European gunsmiths tsim thiaj li hu ua bombardelly - ib tug me me version ntawm bombards thiab nyob rau hauv Russia tau kis ruchnitsy, siv rau shooting nrog nws. Tus thawj kuaj ntawm tej riam phom yog ib tug hlau raj kwv yees li ib tug Meter nyob rau hauv ntev thiab mus txog rau plaub caug centimeters tuab. Ib kawg ntawm nws ua ib tug dull, nrog ib tug drilled qhov nyob rau saum toj ntawm lub ignition.

Qhov no raj twb tau ntim rau ib tug ntoo lub thawv, thiab fastened thereto los ntawm hlau rings. Nws tsub ib rab phom muzzle. Nws raug nchuav rau crushed hmoov, uas yog compacted siv ib tug wad. Ces tus chim tau raug thawb lub mos txwv. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov piv txwv ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm nqa tawm me me pob zeb tsim txoj kab uas hla. Tom qab hais tias, cov phom yog npaj txhij mus tua. Kuv tsuas coj nws mus rau lub hom phiaj thiab coj nws mus rau lub incandescent ignition qhov nyob rau brazier hlau pas nrig.

Kev tshawb pom gunsmiths

Txij li thaum me me caj npab tuaj mus rau hauv kev siv, nws yog ib txwm txhim kho. Piv txwv li, ib tug matchlock phom XV xyoo pua muaj ib ignition qhov nyob rau sab xis, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb lub txee twb teem nyob ze nws, qhov twg tau tsa ib lub noob hmoov. Qhov no tsim tau lub zoo dua ntawm: nqa tus wick mus rau lub txee (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - lub incandescent pas nrig), lub shooter tsis eclipsed ib lub hom phiaj, raws li nws yog ua ntej. Vim xws uncomplicated kev txhim kho yuav ho ua rau kom cov neeg ntawm shooting.

Cov nram qab no hloov, uas tau undergone ib tug matchlock phom, yog cov tsos ntawm ib tug hinged hau tiv thaiv lub txee nrog lub noob hmoov los ntawm dej thiab raug cua. Thiab nws yog ib tug tiag tiag kev txhob invention tej zaum yuav hais linseed wick hloov lub liab-kub steel pas nrig. Ua nitrate los yog caw haus cawv, nws smoldered rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab txig fulfills nws muaj nuj nqi, hlawv fuse.

Tus invention ntawm tus txhais

Tab sis cov laus matchlock phom txuas ntxiv mus yuav tsis xis nyob. Qhov teeb meem yog hais tias cov txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau mus coj cov sab caj npab txee nrog lub noob hmoov, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi feem ntau ib tug mus dhau los ntawm firing. Txawm li cas los, gunsmiths muaj solved qhov teeb meem no. Lawv drilled qhov nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo lub thawv, thiab nws twb dhau los ntawm ib tug hlau band nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsab ntawv S, yog movably fastened nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.

Yuav kom lub Upper kawg ntawm nws qhia rau cov liab qab txee, fastened ib smoldering wick, thiab cov sab ib feem muaj tib lub muaj nuj nqi raws li lub neej tshiab nimno txhais nyob rau hauv me me caj npab. Nws nias nws tus ntiv tes rau ntawm lub qaum kev ib lub fell, lub fuse Cov nroj cig cuag lub gunpowder, thiab ua raws li kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov no tsim rua shooters los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau kom ze rau lub teb brazier.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub XV xyoo pua matchlock siv phom leej hau twb haum nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv, txawm ntau li ntawd pab txoj kev ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov shooting. Nws yog tus thawj matchlock, phom loj tsab ntawm yav tom ntej txhob raug kaw. Tej lub sij hawm tom qab nws tau nruab nrog ib tug tiv thaiv ntaub thaiv npog uas tiv thaiv lub shooter lub qhov muag ntawm lub phaum ntawm lub ignition ntawm gunpowder. Qhov no tsim yog cov yam ntxwv rau zus tau tej cov masters ntawm ces.

Tej kas tham thiab butts txoj kev txhim kho

Nyob rau hauv lub seventies ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws milestone nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm me me caj npab lawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov thawj rifled tej kas tham. Lawv tau invented gunsmiths los ntawm Nuremberg, thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm tej nrhav tam sim ntawd los ua khees li rifled matchlock phom tso cai mus ntaus lub hom phaj nrog ntau dua cov neeg.

Tseem Ceeb hloov undergone los ntawm lub sij hawm no, thiab taub qab. Ua ntej nws yog txoj cai, thiab los ntawm firing nws tau so tiv thaiv lub hauv siab, uas tshwm sim los huab txaav. Fabkis masters muab nws ib tug nkhaus zoo, uas yog muab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov recoil zog tsis yog tsuas yog rov qab, raws li nws yog ua ntej, tab sis mus txog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yuav ua tau ib tug taub qab rests tiv thaiv lub xub pwg. Nws yog qhov no tsim tau los ua ib tug classic thiab tseem muaj nyob rau Benefit rau tam sim no hnub.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm matchlock muskets

By kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI txhais tes tuav phom thaum kawg nws coj zoo li ib tug neeg sab nraud hom, uas txiav luam yeeb tas mus li los ntawm tsim, los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm nws artillery. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, lub thoob plaws nkag mus rau cov tub rog lexicon cov npe xws li wick musket arquebus, musket, thiab hais txog. Tus tsim lub tswv yim gunsmiths cov xyoo muab ntxiv rau ntau thiab ntau kev txhim kho.

Piv txwv li, ib tug zoo-paub musket nyob tom qab lub tswv yim tau yug los rau muab tso rau hnyav matchlock rab phom rau tus pab txhawb nqa hu ua podsoshkom. Nws yuav zoo li yooj yooj yim txaus invention, tab sis nws yog tam sim ntawd tau los txhim kho lub neeg thiab ntau yam, ua rau kom cov caliber ntawm lub chim thiab los ua ib tug fighter riam. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm riam phom deployed nyob rau hauv lub kev txhais Vajluskub ntawm cov Hermitage, muaj ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm kuaj ntawm me me caj npab uas era.

Tsis zoo Wick riam phom

Tiam sis tag nrho cov me nyuam no los mus txhim kho, me ntsis ua ntej ntawm ib tug musket phom loj matchlock xyoo pua 15th. Nyob rau hauv ob leeg, ua ntej koj ua lub txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv, nws twb yuav tsum tau, so lub taub qab mus rau hauv lub hauv av, rau lub caij nplooj zeeg pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv nws ib tug txaus kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov hmoov. Tom qab ntawd, ib tug wad thiab ramrod, kom huv si muab nws thiab poob rau hauv lub mos txwv. Ces ncuav nyob rau hauv lub txee noob hmoov, kaw lub hau thiab ntxig ib smoldering wick. Ces npog thiab reopens tsuas yog tom qab twb noj aim. Lub xyaum ua tej yam tsom tias qhov no tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog ob feeb, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem heev npaum li cas. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv no zoo tag nrho yuav ntiaj teb no riam phom, ua ib tug tua hluav taws, nws tau fundamentally hloov tus txheej txheem rau kev coj cwj pwm ntawm tsov rog.

Cov successes ntawm Lavxias teb sab caj npab

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muskets, ua nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, nrog rau cov Dutch, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev ua tsis tau zoo mus rau yav tas rau nws cov tub rog zoo, thiab ib tug neeg kuaj tau ho superior rau lawv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog lom zem ntau hloov vim lub nqa tawm kho nyob rau hauv nws, vim yog lub uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev nom kev tswv qhov teeb meem ntawm cov xyoo. Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub xeev los ntawm cov incessant sim ntawm aggression los ntawm lub Western cov neeg nyob ze Modernization ntawm cov tub rog yog tsim nyog, thiab ib qho ntawm nws lub Cheebtsam tau kev txhim kho ntawm riam phom, xws li me me caj npab.

German pab rau shooting ib musket

Daim ntawv thov technology muskets ntawm lub sij hawm yog zoo pom hais tias nws nyob rau hauv luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1608 nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ib tug tshwj xeeb tsab yog ib txoj kev kawm lub cuab tam rau infantrymen. Nws yog richly illustrated nrog kev kos ntawm artist Yakova Van Gein, qhia tau hais tias ib txoj kev loading phom thiab xyaum txoj kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov drawings tso cai rau cov niaj hnub nyeem ntawv kom nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas rau saib nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus los iav sub.

Kom meej meej pom nyob rau prints thiaj li hu ua Bandelier - koj cov menyuam, hnav tshaj sab laug lub xub pwg uas yuav txuas kaum mus rau kaum tsib tawv ntim thiab txhua muaj ib zaug xwb xwb ntawm gunpowder. Tsis tas li ntawd, dav hlau tua rog siv muaj ib tug hwj nrog qhuav crushed noob hmoov. Nkij los txuam rau ib pab tub rog hnab nrog pyzhami thiab cia nyias qhov. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov no tsab ntawm hnub no yog ib tug zoo nqi, thiab ib tug tsawg tsev cia puav pheej ntawm riam phom muaj nws nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev txhais Vajluskub.