Lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej: ib tug me ntsis txog cov thawj centuries ntawm cov hav zoov

Raws li rau ntau yam lus tim khawv thiab kev tshawb fawb, txog peb lab lub xyoo dhau los (txawm hais tias tus lwm keeb kwm ntawm noob neej hu tus lwm cov nuj nqis) tus neeg tuaj tawm ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb no. Hais txog 35 txhiab xyoo dhau los pib lub tsim ntawm niaj hnub tib neeg. Peb caug txhiab xyoo ntawm kev vam meej pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Yog hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej tau raug relegated rau ib hnub, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm hoob kawm ntawv thiab lub xeev rau tam sim no lub sij hawm, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws twb muaj nyob rau yuav cia li 4 feeb.

Cov txheej thaum ub communal system yog tus coos theem. Nws ntawd kub ntev li txog ib lab lub xyoo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub caij nyoog sij hawm, thaum lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, yog heev yooj yim mus hu. Lub sab sauv txwv (tag kauj ruam) txheej thaum ub system txawv nyob rau hauv txawv kev txwv nyob rau sab av loj. Piv txwv li, cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa thiab Asia pib coj zoo lawm ntawm lub lem ntawm 4-3. BC. e nyob rau hauv America -. 1. BC. e.

Yuav ua li cas puas tau tus keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, vim li cas twb cov thawj neeg, thaum twg thiab qhov twg nws tshwm sim tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej. Tu siab, muaj tsis muaj monuments ntawm cov eras tsis.

Periodization ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm noob neej yog nqa tawm los ntawm txawv zaum nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

Txawm lub Roman thiab ancient Suav philosophers paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm peb centuries: bronze (tooj liab), cov pob zeb thiab hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub 19th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries, qhov no archaeological periodization tau txais kev loj hlob. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, zaum typologize theem thiab muaj hnub nyoog ntawm cov sij hawm.

Pob zeb Muaj hnub nyoog ntawd kub ntev li ob peb lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li qhov tag nrho tom ntej keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Lub division rau hauv theem nyob rau hauv no era yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub loj hlob complexity thiab hloov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb cov cuab yeej.

Pob zeb Muaj hnub nyoog pib nrog paleolith (Laus Pob zeb), uas, nyob rau hauv lem, zaum cais ib tug tsawg dua theem (thaum ntxov), nruab nrab thiab lub (lig) paleolith.

Tom ntej no pib srednekamenny muaj hnub nyoog (mesolit hloov lub sij hawm). Qhov no lub sij hawm tseem hu ua epipaleolitom (poslepaleolitom) los yog protoneolitom (predneolitom). Ib txhia ntawm cov sau phau ntawv tsis txhob hais nws nyob rau tag nrho cov.

Tiav lub pob zeb Hnub Nyoog Neolithic (Tshiab Pob Zeb lub hnub nyoog). Qhov kawg ntawm lub sij hawm no, muaj cov thawj tooj liab implements. Qhov no qhia lub tsim ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb theem - Eneolithic (Chalcolithic).

Qauv nrog periodization nram qab no centuries (Tshiab Pob Zeb, hlau thiab bronze) yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau txoj moo zoo txawv ib tug. Txawv heev kab lis kev cai thiab hais tseg hauv lawv tus kheej theem.

Archaeological periodization yog raws li nkaus rau lub hauj yam thiab tsis muab tej lub tswv yim ntawm qhov uas muaj qhov ntau lawm raws li ib tug tag nrho. Lub system yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm kev sib cais tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas lub ntiaj teb no raws li regional.

Ib txhia ntawm cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub hom phiaj paleoanthropological periodization ntawm txheej thaum ub cov haiv neeg. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lom evolution ntawm tib neeg. Raws li qhov no system ntawm kev sib cais nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob, kev soj ntsuam hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm cov hiob (archanthropines), ancient (palaeoanthropes), raws li zoo raws li ib tug niaj hnub cov pob txha (neanthropine) tus neeg. Txawm tias ib co controversies, Paleo-anthropological system ntawm kev faib ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov theem zoo txuas rau lub archaeological system.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov tshwj xeeb periodization ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm yuav piv tsis tau nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb nrog tus system ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov neeg ntawm yav dhau los. Kev loj hlob tiam sis ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev nkag siab ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob ua ntej pib tiag Morgan (American anthropologist). Nyob rau hauv raws li cov tsim nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua division ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem rau lub era ntawm kev vam meej, barbarism thiab savagery, xaiv cov kev kawm theem ntawm zus tau tej cov "livelihood", lub American ethnographer faib nyob rau hauv txhua teev uas muaj hnub nyoog siab dua, nruab nrab thiab theem qis. Tom qab, Engels qhuas cov periodization, generalized nws.