Genoa sablaj

England, mus nrhiav ib txoj kev tawm ntawm lub ntsoog, yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau Russia raws li ib tug buyer rau lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam. Genoa sablaj tau muab lub sij hawm. British Prime Minister Lloyd George tau kos npe tso cai rau cov convening ntawm lub rooj sab laj, uas nrog rau Bulgaria, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Hungary thiab Austria kuj caw cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Russia.

Txawm li cas los, qhov kev txiav txim tshwm sim los ib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm Fabkis ntse tawm tsam. Kev thiab hostile cwj pwm ntawm cov tshiab, Soviet, Lavxias teb sab, thiab ntshai ntawm German rov qab. Txee Briard yuav tsum tau poob. Post ntawm prime minister yog Puankre. Tsis muaj peev xwm mus hais lus tawm tsam lub tswv yim npaj lub rooj sib tham yog qhib (daim ntawv cog lus rau pib nws tau muab), nws txiav txim siab laug sij hawm mus lub hnub, tab tom nrhiav rau ib lub sij hawm yuav tawm zaum kawg neej puas.

Nyob rau hauv London ib tug memorandum twb raug xa ib daim ntawv qhia txog tau kev koom tes los ntawm Fabkis xwb nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm Russia tag nrho cov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub Cannes daws teeb meem thiab tshem tawm ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lwm yam yeej lub teb chaws. Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau lees tag nrho cov yav tas los cov nuj nqis, teem cov cai ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws yuav nkag mus kawm thiab cia txawv teb chaws capitalists rau kev free kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws. Ua tau, nws yog hais txog muab nyob rau hauv Russia ( "cov suab puam, tsim los ntawm lub Council") nyoo tsoom fwv.

Diplomatic maneuver yog kev vam meej. Reactionary voj voog nyob rau hauv ces leej twg ntshai tsam ywj siab kev sib khom lus ntawm Russia thiab Fabkis, kev tso cai tau muab. Nyob rau qhov kev txiav txim cuam tshuam xav ib tug hais sib haum ntawm qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub Middle East: lub Greeks, kev txhawb los ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv, yog kom meej meej swb lawm.

Lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv Boulogne, nyob rau 25.02.1922, zwm txhais: Genoa sablaj taus. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, nyob rau hauv London convened ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov kws txawj los sib tham txog cov kev, economic thiab kev nom kev tswv tej teeb meem. Nws yog tus pib ntawm lub creation ntawm ib tug united pem hauv ntej ntawm Britain thiab Fabkis tiv thaiv cov soviets.

Tab sis Fabkis diplomacy tsis xav mus nyob rau concessions hais. Tom qab nws lub hom phiaj yog los tsim ib qho anti-Soviet pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lub Baltic lub teb chaws. Thiab 17 Lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm Estonia, Latvia, Finland thiab Poland yog kos npe rau lwm daim ntawv cog lus. Nws essence tsis tau xaus ntawv cog lus uas yuav tsum tau qhia tawm tsam ib ntawm lub signatory lub teb chaws, thiab ceeb toom cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv lub xaus ntawm cov ntawv cog lus nrog lwm lub xeev (mus rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntawv cog lus). Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb rov mus rau Russia.

Tab sis Fabkis yog tsis txaus. Yuav ua li cas yuav lub Genoa sablaj nyob ua ntej rau hauv lub anti-Soviet unit yuav tuaj koom nrog tseem yog cov me me Entente?

Nyob rau hauv Belgrade, nws tau tsa lwm yam ua ntej lub rooj sib tham, tom qab uas lub minister of Czechoslovakia Behnisch mus kawm thawj Paris thiab ces los ntawm London, qhia paub muaj Puankre, raws li uas lub rooj sab laj ntawm Genoa tsis txhob sib tham txog tej teeb meem ntawm reparations thiab kev sib haum xeeb sib cog lus, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txwv paub txog lub Soviet tsoom fwv. Txawm li cas los, Belgrade txhawb lub siab xav ntawm Lloyd George los luam kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia, thov txhob txhoj puab heev tawm tsam. Tom qab ntev kev sib tham, nws tau pom zoo.

Lub Genoa sablaj Thaum kawg teem rau lub Plaub Hlis 10 thiab lasted kom txog thaum 19 Tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 29 lub teb chaws: Union ntawm South Africa, New Zealand, Is Nrias teb, Austria, Canada, Estonia, Nyiv, Switzerland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Fabkis, lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Slovenes, Croats thiab Serbs, Romania, Portugal, Poland, lub Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Ltalis, Finland, Fabkis, Tim Nkij teb chaws, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Denmark, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Austria thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation (lub chaw ua hauj lwm coj los Lenin nrog Deputy Chi Yerin). Lub United States tsis kam koom.

Tab sis lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv Genoa mus tsis raws li yuav tsum "nyob rau lwm yam sab" ntawm lub diplomatic pem hauv ntej. Lub Soviet sab tshaj tawm hais tias hais tias nws paub tus economic kev koom tes, tab sis yuav tsis hloov tej hauv paus ntsiab ntawm communism. Zog ntawm Guj kuj coj ntawv thiab, nyob rau hauv tus, pom lub Cannes daws teeb meem, tab sis xav kom muaj txoj cai los mus ua kom hloov nyob rau hauv pauv rau kev muab cov richest concessions rau txawv teb chaws capitalists, taw nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov impossibility ntawm cov es ua kom cov kev khwv nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm dangling cov kev hem thawj ua tsov ua rog. Ua los ntawm cov Soviet sab hauv npaj txhij txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshem riam phom los tsis meej pem.

Bart tab expressed tsis sib haum. Lwm yam neeg sawv cev, nkawd yuav tsum favouring lub tswv yim, ntshai mus hais lus openly. Fabkis twb cais.

Ntev tsis sib haum thiab es muaj xwm txheej teeb meem yuam cov German delegation mus ywj faj ywj fwm. Hwm thiab paub ntshai tau ntawm ib tug kev pom zoo ntawm Russia thiab cov Entente, lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj txiav txim siab los kos npe rau Rapallo Treaty, mus ua txhaum lub nplhaib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab economic blockade. Phoojywg neeg no thiaj li ceev ceev discontent hais tias cov German delegation pib txhawb kom Russia rov qab mus kos npe daim ntawv cog lus, tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis kam.

Ntxiv mus, los ntawm lub soviets tau txais ib daim ntawv thov rau paub txog pre-tsov rog nuj nqis nyob rau hauv pauv rau cov nuj nqis tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog (thiab paj), thiab kev ntawm cov nyiaj txiag pab rau Russia.

Thaum lub sij hawm sib tham ntawm cov Soviet proposals unfolds backstage kev sib ntaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab roj monopolies - American thiab Anglo-Dutch, qhov tshwm sim ntawm uas ua ib tug memorandum nrog cov xav tau los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab anti-capitalist dag txiav (ntawm anti-Soviet dag ntsiag to); nyob twj ywm nruab nrab nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem Greek-Turkish; paub txog tag nrho tab sis cov tub rog nqi; hu plig tom qab confiscation.

Belgium thiab Fabkis tau suav hais tias yog tej yam kev mob ntawm lub memorandum yog tsis tsim nyog mos mos thiab tsis kam kos npe rau.

Lub soviets teb rau cov memorandum ib tug ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd, hais tias lub unilateral tsis kam los ntawm kev dag tsis nplua nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Zog ntawm Guj kuj recalled ncua nws kev caw mus rau lub rooj sab laj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm qaib ntxhw uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia. Nrog hais txog cov nuj nqis thiab kev kho, yog tus Lavxias teb sab sab twb tshuav sawv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, ib lub tswv yim tau ua rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug sib koom tes haujlwm, uas yuav cia kom daws tau contentious teeb meem.

Genoa sablaj ntawm 1922 yog nyob ze rau tsis ua hauj lwm vim lub intransigence ntawm lub Entente. Lloyd George, yuav tsum ntshai nqi ntawm cuam tshuam lub rooj sib tham, nws ntsiab nkaus tus kawg taw tes ntawm lub Soviet memorandum thiab muaj tseem kom taw ib tug pawg neeg, uas yuav xav txog lub qho sib txawv. Approximate lub sij hawm ntawm nrhiav tau ntawm lub ob nqe (los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab thiab uas tsis yog-Lavxias teb sab) raug tsa nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1922. Kom txog thaum uas lub sij hawm, nws tau pom tias mus refrain los ntawm tag nrho cov tawm tsam thiab kev ua ntawm aggression. Nyob rau ua qhov kev txiav txim, lub Genoa sablaj thiab tshaj.