Spruce - yog dab tsi? Spruce tsob ntoo. Conifers (yees duab)

Neeg sawv cev ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau hom ntawm conifers ntoo thuv tsev neeg, paub rau tag nrho cov spruce, tshuav nws lub npe mus rau lub ancient Loos. Nws suab zoo li hais tias neeg txhais lus ntawm cov lo lus "cob". Nyob rau hauv lub realm ntawm ntsuab spruce nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw, thiab belongs rau lub genus nyob rau hauv uas muaj ze li ntawm 50 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, los ntawm sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe thiab Central Asia rau North America. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim spruce, zoo li cas ntawm tsob ntoo? Yuav ua li cas ntev nws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab cov uas yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv? Wb sim mus nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no.

hauj lwm spruce

Siab, ncaj-pob tw, slender evergreen ntoo nrog ib tug tuab conical yas, nqaim ntawm ib tug hluas hnub nyoog, yog them nrog spruce ceg mus rau hauv av. Lawv lub cev yog ib qhov nyuaj rau pom - nws yog muab zais los lub widest spruce "cov paws". Hluas ntoo muaj tus tawv gray nrog ib tug brownish zas rau cov laus spruce tsob ntoo yeej yog ntau hloov maj mam, tej zaum luschitsya. Koob koob, thiab muaj peev xwm tuav lub ceg mus txog 7-9 lub xyoo, tab sis nrog lub deterioration ntawm lub ecology ntawm cov srokisokraschayutsya, thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog ib cheeb tsam kev txuag koob muaj tsawg tshaj li 3 xyoo. Koob - ib, quadrangular los yog flattened spirally txheej txheem rau cov ceg. Cones dai, elongated, cylindrical. Ripening nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, lawv qhib nrog noob dispersal. Noob cones plaub ya ri nrog ib tug dav puag npog me me noob muab tis cupped nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv.

Cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm cov nroj tsuag

Hauj lwm fir tseeb: nws yog ib tug ntawm ib tug ncaj undemanding cog rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws muaj tsawg av fertility, txig cawm rau txom nyem heev xau. Nws yog tsis ntshai ntawm nraim slopes thiab chaw me me ntawm av waterlogging. Nws yog incredibly muaj zog thiab yog tsis ntshai ntawm ntse continental kev nyab xeeb. Tab sis feem ntau tsiaj yuav tsis tau withstand roj pa phem thiab haus luam yeeb, cuaj kaum tsob ntoo siv nyob rau hauv nroog landscaping, thiab yog siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ib thiab pab pawg neeg plantings nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua si mus malls thiab daus tiv thaiv ib daim hlab. Ntsias los yog ntsias ornamental nrhiav yog zoo meej rau dai toj roob hauv pes me me vaj, toj thiab pob zeb vaj.

European spruce, los yog dog dig

Lub npe ntawm tsob ntoo no hais lus rau nws tus kheej, thiab meej qhia cov cheeb tsam ntawm nws tej vaj tse. Norway spruce hlob nyob rau hauv lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev ua taiga. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Siberia thiab European Russia arrays zoo tib yam spruce maj hloov los ntawm Siberian spruce. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm tsob ntoo? Ib tug ntshiab qho uas txawv ntawm tej yam ntawm muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm kev loj hlob tej yam kev mob spruce yog ho sib txawv los ntawm larch thiab ntoo thuv ntoo, tab sis tsis muaj intraspecific ntse sib txawv. Lawv thiaj li Kuam, uas yog heev yooj yim loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub qhib treeless tej thaj chaw, raws li nyob rau theem ntawm muaj tau txais nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tua puas los ntawm rov qab caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts los yog tau sunburns. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, heev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nyom hluav taws kub, txhais los ntawm raws caij nyoog riam phom.

Lub sij hawm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tsob ntoo loj hlob

Tus thawj 10 xyoo fir ntoo hlob maj mam. Ces txoj kev loj hlob npaum li cas yuav sawv sharply, thiab tom qab 100-120 xyoo dua tshem tawm. Sis tsis ncaj, spasmodic txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug European fir. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug paub tias survivor - tau ntev tau paub. Yog hais tias tej yam kev mob cia, nws yog yooj yim nyob rau 250-300 xyoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws av rau nws yog av zoo ua qoob thiab supeschaniki. Yuav kom lawv nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug sib sib zog nqus cov hauv paus hniav system, nrees tuav nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Tab sis spruce - ib tug lover heev ntub qhov chaw. Nyob rau excessively noo av tsob ntoo ntaub ntawv ib tug me me ntiav paus system thiab yuav pab tsis tau tab sis lub caij nplooj zeeg rau hauv av thaum muaj zog gusts ntawm cua. Spruce ua txawm tias ib tug me me dej-logging, yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug khiav ua cim. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub hauv paus system ntawm spruce ho tsawg tshaj li uas ntawm cov ntoo thuv, uas piav txog nws tsis khov nyob rau hauv cov cua. Lub peculiarity ntawm tsob ntoo yog hais tias nws cov sab ceg tuag tawm thiab tsis khaws cia qhuav, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv spruce forests yog heev tsaus ntuj nti thiab damp.

Kev loj hlob tej yam kev mob noj mov

Spruce yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv Siberia thiab nyob rau hauv lub Far East. Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug heev me hom ntoo. Nws yog zoo dua cog nws nyob rau hauv cov nplooj saum toj ruaj khov muaj - ntoo qhib, birch los yog ntoo thuv. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau haum qhuav thiab cov neeg pluag xau nyob rau hauv uas lub fir hlob hnyav, raws li dua rau nws zoo-moistened av. Spruce yog ntau npaum li cas demanding nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tshaj qhov pines, uas tej zaum yuav zoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhuav zeb xau. Uas yog vim li cas lub spruce thiab ntoo thuv tsis tshua loj hlob ua ke - heev txawv tej yam kev mob uas lawv xav tau.

tu tub tu kiv

Spruce yog ib qho yooj yim loj hlob los ntawm cov noob sau yog heev yooj yim: cia li txiav ib tug ob peb lub caij nplooj zeeg fir cones thiab tuav lawv lub tsev mus rau qhuav kiag li. nws tsis yog tsim nyog los dhas tawm lawv. Vysohnuv, pob yuav qhia lawv tus kheej, thiab muab tej noob, uas feem ntau yog yav tom ntej germination. Lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug tsis muaj zog tshuaj ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv huam nrog calcined dej xuab zeb, zaglubit 1-1.5 cm. Ntim mounted rau sab sauv txee ntawm lub tub yees rau stratification. Qhov no txoj kev yog tsim nyog, raws li nyob rau hauv lub natural lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho cov noob conifers raug tus mob khaub thuas. Stratification nkoos germination ntawm seedlings. Yog tsis kho noob yuav pw txias nyob rau hauv lub hauv av rau ob peb lub xyoo, tab sis ho tsis tuaj. Nco txias ntim yuav tsum muaj 3 lub hlis. Tom qab no lub sij hawm, ib lub noob cog tank yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub ci thiab sov qhov chaw.

cog lub sij hawm

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cog lub sij hawm yog tus kawg ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj - Kaum ib hlis. Yog hais tias lub noob yog cog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, lub peev xwm mus tau tawm ntawm lub tub yees yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj los yog lub peb hlis ntuj. Qhov no yog qhov feem ntau dej siab lub sij hawm rau germination, raws li caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj txog, ua nruab hnub nrig sij hawm, thiab tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yuav pib loj hlob.

Watering thiab kev kho mob

germination seedlings yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb yog lub siab dawb siab watering, raws li yuav tsum khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv raws li lub ntuj tej yam kev mob. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub sij hawm snowmelt, av tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrated. Lub tshav kub thiab humidity - qhov yooj yim tej yam kev mob rau kom cov coniferous seedlings. Tom qab ib tug ob peb lub lis piam yuav tsum tshoom me nyuam-fir. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tiag ephedra, nws yuav pom tam sim ntawd: xub thawj tshwm sim koob. Tam sim no peb yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab kom qhov nqi koj tshuav, piv txwv li. E. Dej qe kom deb li deb raws li yog tsim nyog, tsis txhob ob underfilling thiab ntau ya raws. Thaum txhua txhua ob lub lis piam rau cov hluas fir ntoo yuav tsum pub thiab loosen lub topsoil.

Thaum tawm sab nraud rhaub thiab khiav rov qab returnable khov, me me seedlings yuav cog nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ua ntej cog ntxiv nplooj lwg los yog humus, tov nrog cov av, thiab ib tug me ntsis complex chiv. Feem ntau cov Christmas ntoo yuav tsis pub. Tso cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov, cov hauv paus hniav kom zoo nchuav cov av, tamped los dej zoo thiab tsim ib tug me me
yuav tsum vov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug lub tsev cog khoom, zaj duab xis los yog iav hub. Nws yog tsim nyog rau ntau sai acclimation ntawm seedlings.

Seedlings nyob rau hauv greenhouses yuav tsum tau muaj kev dim pa txhua txhua hnub. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhib, kom tshem tawm condensate thiab xyuas cov av noo noo. Tom qab 7-10 hnub, lub vaj tse yuav raug tshem tawm thiab cov av ib ncig ntawm lub firs zamulchirovat khaws cia av noo noo. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv nurseries seedlings Fir zus nyob rau hauv ntim 3-4 xyoo. Raws li tsob ntoo loj hlob heev maj mam, ces lub sij hawm no yog suav tias yog noj rau lub kev vam meej kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm ephedra hu ua spruce. Seedlings ntawm no muaj hnub nyoog ntau nruj heev heev rau kub extremes, lawv tsis ntshai frosts thiab sunburn. Cog lawv thiab nrog ib tug hnav khaub ncaws thiab ib tug zoo watering.

Hom noj thiab lawv daim ntawv thov

Zoo li ntau conifers, spruce, heev zoo nkauj. Nws yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug qhia txog yam tshiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab manor, lub vaj thiab chaw ua si. Niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau ib tug loj tuav ntawm chaw ua taus zes ua hauj lwm, tso tawm kom pom ntau ntau yam ntawm cov roj siv nyob rau hauv lub vaj landscaping. Herringbone, tus kheej zus los ntawm noob, tsis yog mus kho cov zajlus, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm ua lub progenitor ntawm tsev neeg kev lig kev cai. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm cultivation ntawm tus spruce noob haum rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm siab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws sau qoob yog ib tug guarantee ntawm ib qho zoo heev adaptation ntawm seedlings mus climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov uas twb hom tshwj xeeb mloog mus toj roob hauv pes designers attracts ntsias spruce. Tsawg-loj hlob ntau yam feem ntau yog tsis pub tshaj meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, muaj ib tug broad tuab yas. Lawv yog cov zoo rau kho kom zoo nkauj vaj compositions, pob zeb thiab alpine vaj. Ib qho ntawm feem spectacular thiab nrov cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj - spruce Nidiformis.

Ntsias cov ntaub ntawv: piav qhia

Nidiformis - cultivar nrog ib tug yeej yas zoo thiab ib tug central si nraum zoov. Tsob ntoo siab NW nyuam qhuav nce mus txog 1 m, thiab lub crown nce mus txog ib lub cheeb ntawm 3 m. Lub flattened yas yog tsim raws li ib lub zes, raws li lub ntsiab ceg ntawm tsob ntoo yog tsis muaj, thiab heev heev tua loj hlob zoo li ib tug kiv cua. Gorgeous luv luv tsaus ntsuab koob, heev ntom thiab uniformly yuav tsum vov lub ceg. Tsob ntoo loj hlob heev maj mam, ntxiv ib xyoos tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 3-4 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab 5-7 cm dav. Herringbone undemanding mus rau lub av, hlob zoo nyob rau hauv mob pesnrab fertile supeschanikah txhua qib ntawm acidity, tab sis yuav poob yog tias lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub hauv paus system lossi av. Qhov no spruce, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov uas tsis muaj-loj hlob conifers, cov duab uas yog hais heev zoo nkauj. Ib tug qeeb txoj kev loj hlob nws yuav cawm tau ib zaug tsim lub toj roob hauv pes rau xyoo yuav tuaj. Nidiformisy zog, tab sis cov hluas cov nroj tsuag yog zoo tshaj plaws los zais lub kev hem thawj ntawm qhov rov qab caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts.

Evergreen ntsias conifers: tu tub tu kiv

Stunted daim ntawv no yeej tsis ntshiab hom thiab cov me nyuam tsuas vegetatively - by cuttings thiab layering, tab sis tsis yog lub noob. Lub fact tias cov nroj tsuag yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm change ntawm ntau hom ntawm conifers, thiab ntawm lawv tej noob, raws li ib tug txoj cai pa loj hlob siab, tsis ntsias conifers. Duab ornamental ntsias tsiaj yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Yog hais tias koj faus xws ephedra ib leeg tsis ua hauj lwm, tsuas yog txoj kev - mus rau lub khw. Ntsias ntoo yog feem ntau yog muag nyob rau hauv ntim. Cov yooj yim txoj cai thaum muas no haum kim purchase yog ib tug muaj kev ntseeg hais tias lub hauv paus system ntawm seedlings yog muaj zog, zoo tsim, tsis puas tsis mechanically tsis muaj kab tsuag. Tab sis ua ntej yuav mus lub khw yuav tsum tau nyeem cov lus qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm lub crown, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev kho mob rau lawv.

Muaj ntau ntoo thuv hom rau ntau xyoo khaws cia ib tug zoo zoo lawm hais txog ntawm qib. Tsawg-loj hlob tsiaj yuav xub muaj ib tug kheej kheej crown, thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsim ib lub khob hliav qab. Txawm li cas los, spruce thiab ntoo thuv - ntoo yog ntau heev, hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam Russia tsis muaj cov majestic conifers.